TAC DONG CUA PHAT TRIEN KHONG DEU VE KINH TE DEN PHAT TRIEN XA HOI d VIET NAM HIEN NAY • • • Nguyen Xudn DUng* Vai phuong Ihue phat Irien duge xac dinh la Ihyc hien e6 hieu qua eae muc lieu kinh le - xa hoi, sy thong nhal giija phat Iriln kinh tl mot each d6ng diu vdi phat trien xa hoi va theo d6 la each thuc quan ly phat triln xa hoi phu hgp la mot yen ekx khach quan Irong qua Irinh d6i mdi cua Viet Nam hien nay, dac biet Irong boi eanh loan cau boa va hoi nhap qu6c tl Kit hgp phat trien kinh ll vdi phat trien xa hoi d nuae la khong chi la ragt Irong nhirng ehu trirong quan Irgng, mot Irong nhiing nguyen lac ehu yen Irong ehien luge phat triln kinh tl - xa hoi, khong chi thi hien tinh dinh hudng nhan van irong nin kinh ll Ihi Iruong theo dinh hirdng xa hgi ehu nghia, ma eon phan anh nhu cau phat triln xa hgi theo mo hiiih tiln bg, phu hgp vdi giai doan phat trien raoi Nhfmg lac dgng lich cue ciia tang trucmg kinh tl ro rang la dilu khong phu nhan, da tao dilu kien Ihuan Igi cho xa hgi cang 6n dinh va phat triln, nhmig Irong nhilu trudng hgp, sy phat triln khong diu vl kinh ll thai gian qua, nhu la mat irai cua tara huan chuong, da mang lai khong it he qua lieu eye, dal nhilu vSn dl eh\ sdm giai quyet, neu khong muon dl tir phat sinh sy hk 6n va anh hudng din qua trinh phat trien xa hgi a nude la Tinh trang phat trien khong deu ve kinh te 6" Viet Nam thoi gian qua Sau 25 nam lien hanh cong euge doi mdi dal nude, Viet Nam da dal duge nhijng tyu quan Irgng Irong eae mat cua ddi song kinh tl - xa hgi, tu mot irong nhijng quoc gia ngheo nhal chau A bat dm ehuyin d6i nin kinh 16 Ird mot quoe gia c6 Ihu nhap Irung binh a muc lh2p vao nam 2009 l'6c tang trudng GDP giai doan 1991 - 2010 dal muc binh quan 7,4%/nam, rieng giai doan 2006 - 2010 la 6,9%, bi lac dgng raanh me cua eugc khung hoang lai ehinh - tiln te loan cau nam 2008 GDP binh quan dau ngudi theo gia Ihye tl tang 125 \k\, tir 9,8 USD nam 1990 len rauc 1.224 USD nam 2010 (WB, 2011) Ty le ngheo giara tir 58% nara 1993 xu6ng 14,5% nara 2010 (tinh theo chu§n cua TCTK VN va WTi) PGS.TS., Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc xa hoi 138 TAC DONG CUA PHAT TRie'N KHONG D^U V£ KINH TE 16ng v6n dau tu loan xa hgi theo gia thye le nara 2010 tang 11,5 Ian so vai nara 1995, kiin ngach xuk nhap khau hang boa va dich vy theo gia thye te (giai doan 1990 - 2009) tang 28,5 \kn va dal 64 ly USD Cac ehinh sach phat triln kinh tl thai gian qua ehinh la nguyen nhan giup nen kinh te nude la tang trudng nhanh, lac dgng inanh me din phat triln xa hgi Theo d6, cho phep Nha nuoc buy dgng duge eae nguon lye de tang dau tu cho phat trien xa hgi Trong qua trinh triln khai thye hien eae ehu Iruong, ehinh sach cua Dang va Nha nude ve phat trien kinh tl - xa hgi, ragt s6 dia phuong, bg nganh, doanh nghiep, kl ea ngudi dan lap Irung cao cho phat trien kinh te, khong luong bet hau qua cua nhirng kl hoach ehu quan y chi nen da xuat hien tinh trang phat triln khong dIu vl kinh tl Theo do, tinh trang da lac dgng khong nho den nhilu ITnh vyc qua trinh phat trien, den raoi trudng va chat lugng s6ng, hang loal vhn dl xa hgi da ehua duge quan tara dung rauc, gia tang bat binh dang xa hgi mot each nhanh chdng, finh trang phan boa giau ngheo giira eae vung mien, giua cac tSng lap dan eu Phin Idn ngudi lao dgng it duge hudng Igi tir tang trudng kinh tl, he lh6ng cham s6c sue khoe va y te cgng dong eon nhilu van de can duge xera xet, dSu tu cho giao dye th4p, nan thit nghiep c6 xu hudng tang thi hien d ragt so van de sau: Thir nhdt, tdc dgng din ehuyin dich ea cau kinh ti Co ekx vimg kinh tl duge xac dinh la ragt v§n dl Irgng dilra ea ekx cua nIn kinh tl, va c6 quan he trye tilp dCn muc lieu phat triln can d6i tren dia ban ea nude Sy khae biet vl cac dieu kien, ngu6n lye cua sy phat fiiln kinh tl - xa hgi la ragt nhirng nguyen nhan lao sir chenh lech ve dieu kien, ea hgi phat trien giira cac viang Do c6 Igi the ve eae dilu kien, ngu6n lye ck\ thill cho sy phat trien nen ragt s6 dia phuong c6 nhilu CO hgi phat triln ban, din din t6e kinh tl tang trudng cao ban cac khu vyc khae, nguge lai t6c tang trudng Ihap hon a radt s6 dia phuong, nhal la vimg nong thon, mien nui Vdi eae myc dich khae va thilu nhijng tinh loan khoa hgc nen qua fiinh phat trien kinh te - xa hgi eae dy an da duge trien khai Iran Ian, thilu figng dilm, khong hieu qua, khong sat nhu ekx thye tl Chang ban, tai Tp H6 Chi Minh, finh din Ihang nam 2012, da eo 1.166 dy an, c6 195 dy an da hoan ehilm 16,7%, s6 lai la dy an dang triln khai, ehua triln khai va tara ngimg' Ty le hoan dy an M p keo theo ty le "treo" eung xk cao, va ngudi dan lai dinh eu eung hi "treo" v6 thai ban theo dy an Trong eae eo quan quan ly nha nude van cu thdm dinh, phe duyet, cAp phep va hau qua la dy an "treo" khap ea nude, gay Bao Lao dgng, s6 234/2012 139 VIET NAM HQC - KY YEU HQITHAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TlT lang phi Idn Dilu vira khong lao duge nhilu viee lara nhu raong dgi, lai vira ehua hoan dh dua vao su dung, nlu eo hoan de dua vao su dung thi hieu qua lai rat kera Mat khae, viee thu h6i dai phye vy cho phat fiiln kinh tl lai ehua tinh loan da\' du din dien tich dk cho eae yen ekx khae, nhu: quy dk danh cho xay dung nha cong vy cho giao vien, ky tiic xa cho sinh vien, benh vien, trudng hgc, tram y tl, cac thill che van boa, nha d cho ngudi ngheo, nha d xa hgi gap kha nhilu kho khan Dy kien den nam 2015 mdi eo khoang 60% sinh vien Ihugc eae eo so dao lao va 50% cong nhan lao dgng lai eae khu cong nghiep duge dap ung chd d - du la ty le vk thip nhung hien ty le radi chi dal khoang 20 - 22% Theo bao cao cua nganh giao dye, dl dal dien tich cua cac trudng chuin qu6c gia d Ha Ngi, rieng he mhm non va thong eon ckn 1.500 iighin met vuong dk cho quan ngi thanh; dl dal dien fich trudng chuSn qu6c gia cho he ph6 thong d Tp H5 Chi Minh cdn 4.874 nghin raet vuong dal Sy phat trien khong dong bg cua eo so tang cho giao thong van lai, dich vy dien, nuoc, buu ehinh - vien thong, dich vy lai ehinh ngan hang, bao hiliii da lam giara hieu qua ciia viee van chuyen va luu thong hang boa tir noi san xuk din thi trudng lieu thy, anh hudng den cac ITnh vyc ciia nen kinh tl cGng nhu lac dgng din phat trien xa hgi K^o theo sy suy giara cua loan bg kh6i dich vy noi ehung eo cau GDP, lac dgng true tiep den khu vyc kinh te tu nhan, nhal la ban buon, ban le va cac binh thire dich vii ea nhan khae - day la lye lugng lao dgng khong chi ty cai Ihien eugc song ciia ban than hg, raa gop phan quan vao sy 6n dinh xa hgi Co sd tang yeu kera ehua dap ung duge nhu eSu di lai phue vu cho viee trao doi hang hoa, dich vu, thong tin va van boa gifia cac vung ea nude nen hieu qua kinh te ve dai ban khong chi gap nhilu ban chi, raa tao sy thilu lien kit cua mot bg phan dan cu doi vdi phan lai cua xa hgi, c6 the dan den sy eo lap ve mat xa hgi va anh hudng den on dinh xa hgi Trong ty le dau tu GDP c6 xu hudng ting len, nhung hieu suit dau tu duge bang he so gia tang v6n dau tu (tu ban)/dau (Inerumental Capitol Oulpout Ratio-ICOR) eung tang cao Viee su dung von dau tu dem lai hieu qua kinh le thap the hien r5 qua sy tang nhanh cua he so ICOR, toe doi mdi cong nghe cham, khien cho kha nang di chuyen lao dgng tir khu vyc nong nghiep sang khu vorc cong nghiep va dich \ai cang kho khan hon Hon nira, eo cau dau tu c6 phan chech huong sang phia eae nganh tham dung von ban la nhOng nganh tham dyng lao dgng, nhal la doi vdi khu vyc doanh nghiep Nha nude Co the noi, sy dich chuyen cham cua ea cau lao dgng - den rauc tro nghich ly (dau tu Idn, tang Iruong cao nhung it tao viee lam mdi), he qua true tiep 140 TAC DONG CUA PHAT TRIEN KHONG DEU VE KINH TE ciia ehinh sach nganh ihien lech: uu lien phat triln nhOng nganh diing nhilu v6n Ihay vi diing nhieu lao dgng Trong chiln luge eo cau (Iriie ehinh la ehiln luge dSu tu nlia nuae), tu phat trien dya tren Igi Ihl so sanh ehua chi ph6i qua trinh hgach dinh ehinh sach, lao dgng - ragt ylu 16 then eh6l, quy It dinh filn trinh eo cau eon bi xera nhe Theo uoe tinh, V2 lye lugng lao dgng cua Viet Nara hien van Ihara gia vao eae boat dgng nong nghiep nang suit thip va viee lara phi ehinh thuc ehiem khoang 2/3 t6ng s6 viee lain Ty le lao dgng dl hi l6n thuong da tang iir 61% nam 2009 len 67% nara 2012 Trong do, ban than sy Iri Ire cua ehinh ca cau kinh le nong Ihon - kel qua cua sy phat triln khong dIu vl kinh tl Cling ehua lao duge mot khu vyc phi nong nghiep du raanh dk c6 thi hSp thy mot phan lao dgng khu vyc Qua trinh chuyen dich tu dal nong nghiep sang rauc dich cong nghiep h6a va lien trinh thi h6a mot each nhanh chong da dan den tinh trang, kl tir nam 2001 den nay, moi nam eo khoang 100 nghin heeta dat nong nghiep bi mk di Trong giai doan 2005-2010 viee chuyen dich da anh hudng den khoang trieu ngudi dan, huge hg phai di ddi hoac bi dao Ion eugc song Chi tinh rieng viee nhudng dk cho xay dyng khu cong nghiep da anh huong den viee mat tu lieu san xuk va rail viee lara nCing nghiep Lay dal nong nghiep dh xay ra6i khu cong nghiep (binh quan khoang 237 hce-ta) se lara khoang 2.400 din 3.000 ngudi mk viee lara nong nghiep Thye trang la nguyen nhan ehinh cua 53%) s6 dan hi thu h6i dat c6 thu nhap giara so vdi truae Trung binh ra6i hg dan hi thu h6i dk c6 1,5 lao dgng roi vao tinih trang khong eo viee lara, raoi hee-ta dal san xuat nong nghiep bi thu h6i e6 tdi 13 lao dgng raat viee lara, rieng Ha Ngi la 20 lao dgng, phai fim each ehuyin doi nghe n ghiep Co the noi sy raat raat Ion nhai, trudng hgp nay, d6 la raoi phan Idn dan cu nong thon, so vdi giai doan Irudc thu hoi dat, san xuat kera hieu qua, thu nhap it ban, ngheo hon va raat kha nang tao nhfing sinh ke on dinh ben virng, ragt so ea nhan va nhora khae lai duge hudng Igi Mat khae, nhu mot he luy tat yeu, tinh trang that nghiep, thieu viee lara tang khong chi, anh hudng den thu nhap sue mua e6 kha nang loan giara, lac dgng den tang trudng kinh te, raa eon lam phat sinh va gia tang te nan xa hgi Day la ragt nhirng nguyen nhan can ba.n dan den tranh chap dal dai, xoi mon nghiem trgng den sy on djnh xa hgi, chi tinh Ihang dau nam 2012, 90% tren long so 5.326 don thu khieu nai raa eae eo quan cong quyen nude la nhan duge c6 lien quan den van de dat dai Dieu dang luu y la, Nha nuae c6 ehu Iruong dao tao nghe cho nhfing lao dgng Ire tliugc cac dy an can thu hoi dat cua dan, giiip hg nhanh chong kiera duge viee lam radi on dinh eugc song, luy nhien, viee dao lao dien khong bai ban, khong cap nhal va thieu tinh ehien luge va ke hoach cy the Vdi tinh trang dao tao nghe 141 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU nhu vay, ngudi lao dgng duge dao tao se kho raa dap ijrng duge yeu can cua :hi trudng lao dgng Do do, cong viee radi cua ngudi lao dgng bi thu hoi dat khong c6 tinh on dinh cao' Thir hai, tdc dgng den tdl nguyen mdi trudng Moi Iruong va sy phat trien c6 moi quan he chat che vdi nhau, raoi Iruong la dia ban sinh song ciia can nguoi, la noi ehua nguon tai nguyen Ihien nhien tao doi lugng cho viee san xuat cua cai vat chat, noi hap thy phan buy phe thai cua qua trinh san xuat va sinh boat cua ngudi, phat trien xa hgi la viee eon ngudi lay tir raoi trmmg tu nhien cac nguon lai nguyen vdi tu each la doi lugng cho viee san xuat cua cai vat chat cho ngudi va cho xa hgi"" Vi the, dual lac dgng eua phat trien kinh le da lara bien doi moi trudng ty nhien Den lugl no, sy bien doi lai lac dgng xau den phat trien xa hgi Phat trien kinh te hien ehu yeu lap Irung vao nhirng cong irinh mang lai Igi ich trye tiep, viee dau tu nham lai tao cac nguon lai nguyen tbien nhien va bao ve moi trudng ehiem ragt ly le rat thap Dae Irung cua nen kinh te Viet Nara la nang ve nong nghiep va trinh san xuat thap, phuong thuc san xuat lac hau nen phan Idn hanh vi kinh te cua cgng dong chii yeu la dya vao inoi Iruong ty nhien Phat trien kinh le luon eo moi quan he phu Ihugc Ian va Irong nhieu trudng hgp la quan he mau thuan, bat hgp ly, \a\ nghTa la hgal dgng kinh tl cang c6 hieu qua, lac hai ciia no doi vdi moi trudng sinh thai cang km Phat triln thuy dien a Tay Nguyen la mot vi du ve "tham hga" moi Iruong "lay Nguyen eo 278 dy an Ihuy dien vdi long cong sual gan 7.000MW duge phe duyet, 84 dy an dang van hanh, 50 dy an dang xay dimg, 87 dy an dang nghien ciju Rieng cac dy an dang van hanh d6ng gop khoang 20% long san lugng dien qu6e gia, nop ngan sach 1.800 ly dong thue va phi cac loai Song he luy vl moi trudng, xa hgi tir cac dy an eung mgl nghiem trgng hon va di hai"" Theo s6 lieu th6ng ke ciia finh Tay Nguyen, loan viing eo 163 cong trinh thuy Ty le lao dong mk dat duge doanh nghiep (nhan dk) dao tao a Ha Ngi la 0,01%, Ha Tay: 0,02%; Hai Phong: 0%; BSc Ninh: 0% Trong do, lao dgng Nha nuae dao tao nghl cho nong dan viing mat d^t eung khong dang ke: Ha Noi: 0,01%; Hai Phong: 0%.; B§c Ninh; 1,2%); Ha Tay: 0%) Ty le lao dong gia dinh tu dao tao c6 cao hon nhung eung xa so vai yeu c§u tao viee lam m.ai phi nong nghiep: Ha Noi: 0,9%); Hai Phong: 0,01%; B5e Ninh: 0,3% va Ha Tay: 0,09% (theo Nguyen Sinh Cue (25/8/2008) "Phat trien khu cong nghiep vung Dong bang song H6ng va van de nong dan mat dat nong nghiep" Truang Dai hgc Xay dung, tai dja chi hhtp://www.bmktcn.conv'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=] 613<emid=217) Ha Buy Thanh, Le Cao Doan (dong chCi bien), Vdn de moi truang phat trien xd hoi v qudn lyphdt triin xd hgi theo hudng bin virng a Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha No 2011,tr.233 Bao Lao dgng so 243/2012 142 TAC D O N G CUA P H A T T R I E N K H O N G O'eu VE KINH TE dien lam anh hudng den 25.300 hg dan, d6 5.650 hg phai di ddi Cac thuy dien eung ehiem dung 425hee-la dk a, ghn 23.00 hee-ta dat san xuat, khoang 17.000 hec-la rung ly nhien vi the, khong chi ngudi dan mat dat hi ngheo, raa hang nghin hg khae eung ngheo dan Do theo duoi Igi ich xuat khau, nhieu vung da pha rirng ea phe hoac pha ririig ngap nude nuoi loin, khai Ihae tai nguyen bira bai, chat thai ciia cac khu cong nghiep, lang nghe, nan chay rirng, pha rirng Kel qua la moi Iruong ly nhien bi xuong cap d nhieu noi gay lii lut Id quyet d raien nui va vimg rirng ngap man; bien Ian, man hoa, sal Id bd bien; muc xuong cap cua tai nguyen dk, nhilm nguon nuae va bao ton nguon nude kera hieu qua qua rauc tai nguyen sinh hgc, nhieni moi trudng e6 dau hieu gia lang vai finh chdl va mue cang nghiera trgng; lugng di-6-xit eac-bon thai tinh tren dau ngudi tang gap doi thai gian qua, gay Ihiel hai Idn ve kinh le va anh hudng xau den sue khoe cua nhan dan boat dgng gay nhiein dat trgt va nguon nuae tudi lieu, nhiein cac viing nuae van diing nuoi thuy san, dan den san lugng thu hoach tir cay tr6ng va nuoi trong, danh bat Ihiiy san eo the giara di, lara giara thu nhap cua ngudi dan xung quanh khu cong nghiep' la mgl vi du diln binh I'hye trang can kiet lai nguyen, suy thoai moi trudng noi tren - bilu hien ciia sy phat trien khong ben virng ve raat sinh thai da lac dgng xau den viee nang cao chat lugng song ciia eon ngudi, neu xet ve chat lugng raoi trudng song Day la he qua ciia sy phat trien kinh le "nong vgi" khong tinh den kha nang dap ung ciia cac nguon Icii nguyen Ihien nhien, khong tinh den kha nang dong boa va sue chiu dyng ciia raoi trudng, theo d6, doi lugng chiu anh hudng dau lien va nang ne nhal la ngudi "Thye le cho thay, viee raoi trudng hi hiiy hoai va doi ngheo dudng nhu la cai vong luan quan Ngudi dan thieu an thi khai Ihae triet de tai nguyen Ihien nhien, bao gom ea tai nguyen rung, lai nguyen dat va lai nguyen nude Khi eae nguon tai nguyen can kiet tbien tai bao lii, ban ban va tac dgng cua ngudi thi ganh chiu hau qua truoc bet ehinh la ngudi dan ngheo" Nhu vay, sy ton tai ciia ban than eon ngudi dal moi quan he vdi sy phat trien kinh te - xa hgi dang bi de dga bdi ehinh cac boat dgng ciia eon ngudi qua trinh phat trien khong deu ve kinh le Thir ba, tao suphdn hoa gidu ngheo Khoang each giau ngheo xa hgi duge the hien qua nhieu binh thuc khae nhau, nhu: thu nhap, chi lieu, hudng thy cac Huong Giang (14/10/2010) "Nuae thai a khu cong nghiep Hung Yen hanh dan" Bao Tdi nguyen va moi truang Tai dia chi http://www.monre.gov.vn/v35/default.aspx?tabid=428& CatelD=24&lD=89979&Code=SRQAC89979 (truy cap 02/01/2011) Ha Hay Thanh, Le Cao Doan (dong chii bien), Sdd, Ir 244 143 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU lien ich y le, giao dye, van h6a; doi vdi eae qu6c gia, cac vung va eae dia phuong thi hien qua chi so phat trien eon ngudi (HDI) hoac ehi s6 phat triln tbien nien ky (MDG) Cung vdi viee xuat hien nhfing ngudi lam giau ehinh dang duge xa hgi ton vinh va khuyen khieh, da xuk hien hien lugng giau len nhanh chong ciia mgl so ngudi bang cac thu dgan bat ehinh hoac Igi dung so hd cua phap luat, sy ehua hoan Ihien eua eo che kinh le moi Nguge lai, xa hgi dang Idn lai eugc song ngheo kho cua mgl so khong nho ngudi lao dgng that nghiep khong c6 viee lara, khong eo kha nang eanh tranh hoac nhilu nguyen nhan khae din den khoang each giau ngheo cang doang rgng' Viet Nam duge danh gia la quoe gia dal nhieu tyu cong lac ch6ng doi ngheo, va van biet rang sy phan hoa giau ngheo phat triln kinh IC thi trudng la dieu khong tranh khoi Nhung tren thye tl, chenh lech giau ngheo phan anh sy bat binh dang xa hgi cang tang, theo s6 lieu ciia Bg Lao dgng, Thuong binh - Xa hgi, vong nam, khoang each 20%) nguoi ngheo nhfit va 20% ngudi giau nhai da tu 4,2 Ian lang len 8,9 \k\ Tinh trang gia tang khoang each giau ngheo dang lac dgng den tat ea cac ITnh vyc eua ddi s6ng xa hgi Ihl hien d sy chenh lech ve thu nhap; tinh trang that hgc, bo hgc cua so dong em cac gia dinh ngheo; viee tra lien cho eae dich vu eo ban nhu kliani chiJa benh, an sinh, nha a Nhora ngudi ngheo hi benh tat nhieu gap hai lan nhora ngudi giau Con cai ciia nhom ngheo duge hgc nghe tir trung cap Ird len, 11 lan it ban cai ciia nhom giau Ngudi ngheo mat dSn co hgi duge hudng cac phiic Igi xa hgi nhu y tl, giao dye, hudng thy van hoa Llg suy giani niera tin vao cong ly, cong bang Tinh trang that hgc lam cho chat lugng lao dgng khong dap ung duge yeu cau cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, anh huong doi vdi sy phat trien ben vung cua dll nuoc'^ () goc nao do, day la nguyen nhan khoet sau mau thuan giira eae giai thng xa hgi va Tien Phong online, 08/7/20II Theo ket qua eugc khao sat muc song ho dan cu ciia Tong cue Thong ke, nam 2010 thu nhap binh quan mot nguai/thang ciia nhom hg giau nhat gap 9,2 lan thu nhap ciia nhom ho ngheo nhal, tang so vai cac nam truac Trong thu nhap binh quan eua nguai Viet Nam dat 1,387 trieu dong/nguai/thang, thi nhom ngheo nhiii moi thang mot nguai chi thu nhap 369.000 dong, thu nhap trung binh ciia nhom giau nhat len tai tren 3,4 trieu dong Khoang each dang gian cang lan Theo Vien Nghien cixu Quan ly kinh te trung uang, ket qua dilu tra hg gia dinh nong thon nam 2010 tai 12 tinh tren ca nuae, thi nhUng gia dinh nong thon, gian each giau ngheo cang rong Khong chi giua thi va nong thon, ma cac vung que, chenh lech giau ngheo eung cang tang Muc thu nhap binh quan thap nhat la Quang Nam vai trung binh 42 trieu dong/hg/nam, tiep den la Lai Chau 46 trieu dong/ho/nam, cao nhat la Long An vdi 114 trieu dong/ho/nam Bao Lao dgng, 10/10/2012 144 TAC O O N G CIJA P H A T T R I E N KHONG DEU VE KINH TE vugl qua gidi ban hgp ly eua ehung se c6 the gay nen nhijng bat 6n dinh, lieu cue va xung dot xa hgi Noi each khae, nhung lac dgng cua phan ling xa hgi lac dgng den tu ludng, tain ly, niem tin vl cong bang xa hgi - ragt khai niem v6n gin b6 vdi mo binh ehu nghTa xa hgi Irude day, e6 the gay nen lain ly bit man mgl bg phan ngudi dan va ehua dyng nguy ea dan den nhung cang thing xa hgi Dilu ciing dong nghTa vai gia tang sy bat binh ding xa hgi Nhfing ton lai ban che tren day nhieu nguyen nhan ehu quan va khach quan khae nhau, nhung ehu yeu ragt so nguyen nhan sau: Mot Id, nhan thuc ve raoi quan he giiJa phat trien khong dIu vl kinh tl va phat trien xa hgi ehua duge hieu mot each dly du va khoa hgc, vi vay eon nhilu khilm khuyet moi trudng phap ly, quan ly kinh tl va quan ly xa hgi Chinh sach phat trien kinh te ehua gan kit, 16ng ghep loan dien vdi chinh sach phat triln xa hgi Cae ehinh sach phat trien kinh tl - xa hgi thilu d6ng bg Chua c6 moi trudng eanh tranh binh dang va minh bach Hai Id, a ragt so noi chi dao dilu hanh chi quan tara din cac chi lieu lang trudng kinh te, coi nhe eae yeu cau lien quan din phat triln xa hgi, eo bilu hien buong long cong lac quan ly nha nude, thieu kien quyet viee xii ly vi phara phap luat ve bao ve moi trudng £a la, eae dinh che phap luat chua thye sy duge tuan thii nghiera ngat nen de sinh lieu eye, tao nen mgl nh6m nho nguoi c6 muc thu nhap cao qua muc thye te, dan den tinh trang phan tang xa hgi ragt each inanh rae Vin dl lac dgng xa hgi cua qiaa trinh thi hoa va phat trien khu cong nghiep chua duge quan tara dung rauc, clanh gia day du de eo ehinh sach va giai phap phu hgp Bon Id, ."ly luan ehua giai dap duge mgl s6 van de cua thye tiln d6i mdi va xay dimg chii nghTa xa hgi d nude la, dac biet la viee giai quyet eae m6i quan he giu-a toe tang trudng kinh le va chat lugng phat triln; giira tang trudng kinh tl va lliyc hien cong bang xa hgi; giira ddi mdi kinh tl va doi moi ehinh tri; giiJa d6i radi vai on dinh va phat trien; giira doc lap ty chii va ehu dgng, tich eye hgi nhap kinh 16 quoe le".' Nhu vay, phat trien khong deu ve kinh le thai gian qua da lac dgng khong nho den thu nhap cua nguai lao dgng, xuat hien tinh trang doi ngheo d nhilu noi, chenh lech niiie song giOa nong thon va thi cang Ion, sue ep viee lara va thil Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi bleu todn quoe lan thir X, Nxb Chinh trj quoc: gia - Su that, Ha Noi, 2005, tr 69 145 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU nghiep ragt gia tang da lac dgng den cac van de xa hgi va raoi Iruong, di nguge lai raye lieu cua cong eugc cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nuoc Giai phap han che sy phat trien khong deu ve kinh te den phat trien xa hgi o" nuo'c ta hien Chien luge phat trien kinh le - xa hgi giai doan 2011-2020 da duge Dai hgi lan thu XI ciia Dang la xac dinh den nam 2020, nude ta ve co ban tra mgl nude cong nghiep theo huong hien dai, do, lien trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa khong ehi la nhiem vy phat trien kinh le, raa eon la nhiein vy phat trien xa hgi va quan ly phat trien xa hgi ragt each ben viing Tir kinh nghiera eua mgl so quoc gia qua trinh phat trien', can lien hanh ragt he thong cac giai phap dong bg, ho trg lan ve eo che, chinh sach nhara giara thieu tdi rauc co the nhfing lac dgng lieu eye eua phat triln khong deu ve kinh te den phat trien xa hgi a nuae ta, bao gom: Mot Id, kit hgp hdl hod giua tang trudng kinh te vd phat trien xd hgi, day mgnh chuyen dich ca cau kinh te mot cdehphii hgp vdi ehien luge phat trien kinh te - xd hgi dat nude Ngay nay, tang truang kinh te la doi hoi tat yeu, nhimg neu phat trien khong deu ve kinh le se anh hucVng nghiem trgng den phat trien xa hgi, dan den nhfmg bat on xa hgi, tham chi tao sy phan eye, sinh nhirng mau thuan xung dot xa Bai hgc kinh nghiem sau horn 30 nam lien hanh cai each ma cua cua Trung Quoe la thuc hien chinh sach tap trung cao cho tang truang kinh te va tren thuc te nen kinh te da phat trien vai toe ngoan muc Tuy nl ien, Hgc thuyet phat trien kinh te hai hoa cua Trung Quoe cho rang su phat trien kinh te cua hg dang cang tra len khong deu, vai nhung tac dong den moi truang va chat lugng song, hang loat van de xa hgi da khong dirge quan tarn, gia tang bit binh ding xa hgi mot each nhanh chong Tinh hinh xa hoi tra nen cang thang, anh huang den qua trinh phat trien kinh te - \a hgi truac mat va de doa su phat trien kinh te ben virng Do do, Nghi quyet Hoi nghi Ban Chap hanh Trung ucrng (khoa XVI) cua Dang Cong san Trung Quoc da xac dinh rang, phai coi nguai vira ia dgng luc, vira la muc tieu ciia su tiln bg; xuat phat tir Igi ich can ban ciia quan ehung nhan dan de xay dung ehinh sach phat trien kinh tl - xa hoi Theo do, chuang trinh nghi su cua minh, Chinh phu Trung Quoc da rat quan tam den giai quyet van de phat trien kinh te khong deu, tich cue thuc hien nhirng bien phap nhSm giam bat nhung mau thuan gay gat giixa tang truang kinh te vai cong bing xa hoi: ehuyin chinh sach uu tien cao cho tang truang kinh te sang uu tien cho dam bao cong bIng xa hgi, thuc hien viee kit hgp tang truang kinh te vai cong bang xa hoi Nha nuae ehuyin trgng tam tu phat trien kinh te, sang giai quyet cac van de xa hgi nhu khic phue tinh trang ngheo doi, sir tut hau vl y tl, giao due, nan that nghiep Ngan sach nha nuae tang cho eae dich vu cong cong, cho he thong an sinh xa hgi Chinh sach uu lien phat triln nong nghiep, nong thon duge trien khai rong khap Dac biet, Trung Quoc da chii y cang nhilu ban dli vai viee phan chia lai san phim xa hoi, gop phan vao viee phat trien xa hgi mot each hai hoa 146 TAC D O N G CUA P H A T T R I ^ N K H O N G DfeU VE KINH TE hgi, can Ird sy phat trien kinh le, ddng thai khdng dam bao duge sy phat triln theo hudng ben vung Nguge lai, mudn phat trien xa hgi ragt each tot dep phai hudng vao sy phat trien kinh le, lao dgng lye cho sy phat trien kinh le Vi vay, Irudc bet phai ddi radi tu ve phat trien, chuyen tir tu phat triln lay tang trudng, phat trien kinh te lain trgng tara sang phat trien ben viing, quan he bat kip vdi lien trinh phat trien hien dai tren the gidi phii hgp vdi finh dac thu phat trien eua dat nude To ehue nghien euu ly luan ragt each khoa hgc lam ca sd cho mgi ehu truang, chinh sach phat triln dat nude, dd phat trien kinh Ic phai dal mdi luong quan vdi phat trien xa hgi Nha nude khdng ehi lap trung xay dyng raoi trudng phap ly, de nhfing ehinh sach, che tai eu the dl dieu liet va ban che anh hudng eua qua trinh phat trien khong deu ve kinh te, raa eon can nang cao nhan thuc cho ngudi dan ve radi quan he qua lai giira phat triln khdng deu ve kinh le va phat trien xa hgi Trong radi ke hoach, chuang trinh phat trien kinh le - xa hgi phai lay hieu qua kinh te va hieu qua xa hgi lara thude do, va " Mdi bude lang trudng kinh le phai gop phan lao tien de va dieu kien cho lien bg va cong bang xa hgi; nguge lai, radi tyu eua tien bg va cong bang xa hgi phai Ird dgng lye cho tang trudng kinh te".' Phat triln khdng deu ve kinh te nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hgi chii nghTa, eung vdi mat trai eua eo che thj trudng da phat sinh nhieu van de xa hgi hue xiie va phan Idn lai lap trung d nong thon, tat yeu dan den nhiJng lac dgng ddi vdi phat trien xa hgi, vay can ed sy can thiep tich eye tir phia Nha nude Nhung sy can thiep eua Nha nude ehi ed hieu qua klii dya tren thye lye ciia nen kinh te va lao dgng lye cho sy tang trudng kinh te Nha nude can ed nb&ng bien phap tich eye, hieu qua, lap trung hd trg phat trien co sd tang de tao viee lam va tang nang suat lao dgng ve dai ban, ket hgp giai quyet viee lam tai cho vdi viee phan bd lai lao dgng, song song vdi van de phat trien kinh le, tao nen cong bang xa hgi qua trinh phat trien Nha nude can thay ddi tu dieu hanh kinh te, ed quy hoach, ke hoach eu tie, phu hgp de dinh hudng phat trien, phan bd va su dyng hgp ly eae nguon lye Tao co hgi, djnh hudng phat trien kinh te theo co che thi trudng, gan cac virng chan phat trien vao qua trinh phan cong lao dgng xa hgi, thye hien chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo hudng cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hda Ddng thai, cd ehinh sach dili: lilt hgp ly de giara dan sy raat can ddi ve cac dieu kien, co hgi va trinh phat Piam Xuan Nam (ehu bien): Triet ly phat trien a Viet Nam - may vdn de cot yeu, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Ngi, 2008, tr 535 147 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THU TU trien giira eae phd, thi vdi eae vung, khu vyc cham phat triln Qua dd, buy ddng liem nang da dang, the raanh eua lung vung, gia tang ngi lye qude gia dl giai quyet eae van de xa hgi, xay dyng eugc song am no, hanh phue cho tat ca mgi ngudi, mgi vung Dae biet, can nhan thuc va danh gia dly du vl vIn dl minh bach va cdng bang qua trinh chuyen dich dat dai Dau tu lao lien de cho sy ddi va kich Ihieh sy phat triln ddng bg eua cac loai thi trudng Ddi vdi nhirng vung kinh le chain phat trien, kinh te ly cap ly luc phd bien, nhat la viing ddng bao dan toe thieu sd va raien nui, can dIu tu manh cho xay dyng ket cau tang Xay dyng he Ihdng giao thong thuan Igi tao dilu kien cho giao luu hang hda giua cae viing, xay dyng ehg hoac trung lara thuong mai dh cd noi trao ddi, mua ban hang hda Ddi vdi nhirng vung kinh le va thi trmmg phat trien nen tap trung phat trien dich vy va dinh hudng thj trudng Chu dgng lao mdi trudng vT md va khuyen khieh mgi plmn, mgi ngudn lye tham gia phat trien kinh le - xa hgi Thye hien nhal quan ehinh sach phat trien nen kinh le nhieu fiianh phan la dieu kien lien quyet Hai Id, bao ve vd cdl thlen mdi trudng phdl duge col Id mot yeu to khdng the tdeh rdl eua qud trinh phat trien kinh te - xd hgi Phat trien kinh le la sy bieu hien lap trung cua mdi quan he qua lai giira phat trien xa hgi va mdi trudng, vi the, tang trudng kinh le, phat trien ngudi va khai Ihae, su dung cac ngudn lai nguyen Ihien nhien va nidi Irudiig eung chinh la muc lieu CO ban cua sy phat trien xa hgi Theo dd, can thiel phai thye hien ddng thai eae muc lieu co ban noi tren - day la nhu cau khach quan va tat yeu eua xa hgi hien nay, nhat la nude la dang qua trinh day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Bao ve mdi trudng la van de song ciia nhan loai, la nhan to bao dam sue khoe va chat lugng eugc song ciia ngudi dan, nhung tren thye le Igi ich bao ve mdi trudng la khae biet giira limg ehu the, " Chinh sy khae biet khien cho viee Cling bao ve mdi trudng la kho khan, va lai, mdi trumig la hang hda cdng, nen Igi ich va Irach nhiem bao ve mdi trudng eung ehua dyng mau thuan: cang tan dung mdi trudng giara ehi phi, hay Iron tranh traeh nhi^m bao ve moi trudng lai cang cd Igi"' Can nhan raanh la Nha nude giu vai Ird quyet djnh viee bao ve radi trudng, dd, viee nang cao hieu qua quan ly Nha nude ddi vdi tai nguyen radi trudng la het sue can Ihiel " chii ddng gan kel yeu cau cai Ihien radi trudng mdi quy hoach, ke hoach, chuang trinh va dy an phat triln kinh le - xa hgi, coi yeu cau ve mdi trudng la mgl lieu ehi quan trgng danh gia eae Ha Huy Thanh, Le Cao Doan dong ehu bien, Vdn de moi truang trongphdt trien xd hgi vd qu lyphdt trien xd hgi theo hu&ng ben virng o Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hoi, 2011, tr 422 148 TAC DONG CUA P H A T TRIEN K H Q N G DEU VE KINH TE giai phap phat trien" Ddng thai, khai Ihae va sii dung hgp ly ngudn lye eon ngudi cdng lae quan ly Nha nude ve mdi trudng, coi day la ngudn lye eua ragi nguon lire Nang cao nhan thuc, tao dieu kien va hinh d radi ngudi dan hanh vi tich cue va khuyen khieh hg ehii ddng xay dyng nhirng radi quan he cd Igi cho mdi trudng bdi suy cho eiing van de quan trgng nhat quan ly ve lai nguyen va mdi trudng d nude la hien la nhan thuc eua ngudi dan ve radi trudng eon ban che Dieu da anh hudng rat Idn den mdi trudng - ngudn gdc san sinh benh tat hicm ngheo cua Ihdi dai, uy hiep tinh mang ciia eon ngudi eiing nhu sy Idn vong eua xa hgi Vi vay, can lien hanh xa hgi hda cdng tac bao ve radi trudng, bien cac chu Iruong, chinh sach, cae bg luat ve bao ve radi trudng nghTa vu, traeh nhiera va quyen Igi eua ragi lang lop xa hgi, tir nhilng nha hoach dinh chinh sach, nha quan ly den mgi ngudi dan Quan ly nha nude can cd cac quy tac nham tang eudng hieu lye quan ly va de cho quan ly radi trudng eiing duge kiera soal nhu bat ky hgal dgng nao khae qua trinh phat trien, cho nen can sdra xay dyng the che va luat phap ve radi trudng, nd khdng ehi giup cho qua trinh nhat the hda giira phat trien xa hgi va radi trudng, raa cdn xac nhan khung phap ly eung nhu cdng cy luat phap cho viee giai quyet radi quan he giira phat trien xa hgi va mdi trudng Ddng thai, can xac dinh rang phat trien kinh te ragt each ben vfing giir vai Ird vd ciing quan trgng Thye hien phat trien ben virng la ragt thach thu'c va eiing la ragt CO hgi cho mdi ngudi, radi doanh nghiep va ca ragt qude gia Phai thay rang, thye hien phat trien ben virng la bao ve radi trudng Mdi trudng va tbien nhien, hon bao gid het - tdi quan trgng va, la sy sdng edn cua the gidi Vi the can giam bdt viee su dung tai nguyen mdi trudng bang viee nang cao gia tri san phara de tang thu nhap cho qude gia Xay dyng ke hoach san xuat va su dyng hgp ly cae san phara, sau dd cd the tai su dyng, ban che thap nhat viee khai Ihae lara can kiet tai nguyen Ihien nhien, ma mdi trudng cdng bdt hi xam hai Mat khae, phat trien ben vung duge dy bao se Ird ragt nhirng yeu Id quan trgng viee eanh tranh giira cac doanh nghiep, giiia cae san phara va cac qude gia Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Vdn kien Dgi hgi Idn thir IX, Nxb Chinh tri Qu6c gia - Su that, tr 164 Pham Thi Ngge Tram chu bien, Qudn ly Nha nude doi vai tdi nguyen vd moi truang vi sir plidt trien ben virng duai goc nhin xd hgi - nhan vdn, Nxb KHXH, Ha Noi, 2006, tr 202 149 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU H Q I THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU Ba Id, tao ca hot cho ngudi dan duge tham gia vd hudng Igi tir tang trudng kinh te, Nha nude phdl thuc hien cdng bdngxd hold suphdn chia thu nhap vdphue Igl xd hot Dai hgi lan thu VI eua Dang da xac dinh eon ngudi vira la muc ilea vira la dgng luc eua sy phat trien kinh te - xa hgi DIU tu cho eae ITnh vyc xajidi eung la trye tiep dau tu cho kinh te, va suy cho eung tat ca la cho eon ngudi vii vi eon ngudi Trong dd, ba nhu cau can ban eua xa hgi cin duge ehu trgng dd la: finh cdng bang, finh ben viing va tinh vi mgi ngudi Dya tren nguyen tic chia se traeh nhiem va cdng bang xa hgi, an sinh xa hgi la ragt nhiing ehi bao quan trgng ciia ragt xa hgi phat trien va la mgl nhiing ehinh sach xa hgi c^ ban eua qude gia hudng vao viee bao ve, dam bao an Idan cho eae vien xa hgi cac trudng hgp anh hudng eua phat triln khdng dIu vl kinh tl Vi vay, sy kit hgp phat trien kinh le va phat trien xa hgi thi cdng bIng xa hgi la vIn dl eye ky phue lap khd khan Sy ket hgp phai dyoe tinh loan theo nhiing dilu kien cu Ihl eiia dit nude, chii ylu la theo trinh phat triln kinh tl, truyin Ihdng dao due, van hda Mot nhirng mil go ve mat chinh sach duge nhilu nghien euu dat la can sdm hoan tbien chinh sach an sinh xa hgi - ragt ehinh sach ed vj tri dac biet quan trgng viee ban che tdi da tac ddng eiia phat trien khdng dIu ve kinh tl den phat trien xa hgi Phat trien kinh le ben virng va lang trudng cao lilp luc duge xac dinh la ddng lye chinh cua giam ngheo d nude la Mgl thir ihach chinh cho viee tri tdc giam ngheo nhanh tren ca sd tang trudng se la lam thi nao dh nang cao chit lugng dau tu noi rieng va hieu qua nen kinh te ndi ehung Tac dgng giam ngheo ciia lang trudng kinh te phu thude nhieu vao muc tham gia ciia ngudi ngheo vao qu;i trinh tang trudng Bing ehung cho thiy cd kha nang cai tbien muc tham gia nay, truae het, ed the thong qua tao viee lam cho ngudi lao dgng Vi ihd, can dly manh thuc hien cai each theo hudng thi trudng, dd khdng chi dly manh cai each khu vyc doanh nghiep Nha nude nham giup phan bd ngudn lye hieu qua hon, ma edn e§n chii Irgng den phat trien khu vyc kinh le tu nhan, tao ca hgi cho khu vyc ph at trien Dae biet xay dyng chinh sach uu dai dac thii nhim thu hut cac doanh nghiep, Id ehue dau tu vao khu vyc ddng bao dan toe thilu sd va miln mii Ddng thai cd ehinh sach bao Idn, phat trien nganh nghe Imyen thong eua cac ddng bao dan toe thieu sd va mien nui Viee ket hgp giiia tang trudng kinh te va bao dara cdng blng xa hgi la ragt song de cua hau bet cac qude gia khdng ehi tren phuong dien ly Ihuylt ma ea tren thye lien Nha nude can tao co hgi cho ragi ngudi, ragi vung, miln ed thi tham gia va hudng Igi tir tang trudng kinh le Thong qua dilu till cua Nha nude dh phan 150 TAC D Q N G CUA P H A T TRIEN K H Q N G DEU VE KINH TE phdi lai nhirng kel qua hgal ddng kinh te theo hudng dam bao cdng bang xa hgi Mac dli khdng phai la nhat, song can phai xac dinh rang, cdng bang phan phdi la edt loi cua cdng bang xa hgi Tap trung dau tu eae ngudn lye cho phat trien kinh le mgl each phii hgp, tranh cue bd, dia phuong, nong vdi nhung ciing khdng duge phep dan trai, lao dieu kien tiep can cae ngudn lye dl mgi ngudi deu ed CO hgi phat trien va tii dd ed them nhiing ngudn lye dau tu cho phat trien xa hgi, nhu cho ITnh vyc giao due, y le, an sinh xa hgi day la ITnh vyc ddi bdi ragt muc cdng bang xa hgi rat Idn Neu dau tu diing thi nd se la co sd cho viee dam bao dai ban ed the dam bao ngudn nhan lye cd chat lugng cao dap ung yeu cau ciia phat trien kinh te Se khdng the ed sy cdng bang hay binh dang xa hgi tuyet ddi co che thi trudng, song cd gang thu hep khoang each chenh lech qua Idn giiia eae nhdin xa hgi la dieu can va ed the lam duge Ihdng qua dieu liet bdi cac chinh sach vT md Day ehinh la mgl nhan Id gdp phan bao dam sy phat trien ben vfing ve raat xa hgi qua trinh phat trien kinh te theo co che thi trudng "Khoang each giau - ngheo khdng phai ehi la indl chi lieu kinh te Nd edn phan anh sy gan ket xa hgi va la mgl the hien eiia sy binh dang xa hgi Khoang each giau - ngheo at se sinh Nhung sy ben virng eua phat trien d tat ea cac nude, va hon the niia dinh hudng xa hgi chu nghTa, khdng chap nhan khoang each giau - ngheo di vao phan eye qua mgl nguang cho phep"' Vi vay, Nha nude phai chap nhan sy phan boa giau ngheo, bao ve va khuyen khieh ngudi dan lam giau ragt each hgp phap, mat khae, day raanh cdng tac xoa ddi, giara ngheo va kiera che sy phan boa giau ngheo khdng de gia tang den muc phan eye qua Idn Tao nhung co sd thuan Igi ban nira cho nhirng ngudi lam giau bang dudng chinh dang, rad rgng va phat trien san xuat kinh doanh Ngan chan, loai Irir each lara giau va thu nhap bat hgp phap, tao nen sy cdng bang ddi sdng xa hgi Tap trung vao viee tao cdng an viee lara cho ngudi lao dgng, xay dyng co sd tang cho cac viing chara phat trien Nhung cac ehinh sach xoa ddi, giara ngheo phai tao dgng lye cho phat trien kinh le Tdra lai, Viet Nara dang Ihdi diera chuyen ddi raang tinh quyet dinh ve dinh hudng phat trien dat nude, ddi bdi hudng den sy phat trien ben v&ng va hieu qua Cci ve kinh te - xa hgi va radi trudng Tang trudng kinh te phai gan lien vdi lien bg va cdng bang xa hgi tirng bude di va sudt qua trinh phat trien Trong xa hgi phat trien khdng the triet lieu ddng lye eua tang trudng kinh te, van de dal la can ed sy dieu liet eua Nha nude de raang lai sy hgp ly phan phdi eiia cai va ea hgi phat trien cho ragi ngudi Theo dd, phat trien kinh te ve khia eanh nao GS.TSKH Nguyen Ngoe Tran, "Ban them ve khoang each giau ngheo d Viet Nam", tren trang Web: Tuan Vietnam net, 24/5/2010 151 VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE L A N THU TU dd la de Ihda raan cang cao nhu can da dang cua ngudi, va eung ehinh la gdp phan quan trgng vao sy phat trien xa hgi./ Tai lieu tham khao Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Vdn kien Dgi hgi Ddng thai ky ddi mdi, Dgi hgi X, XL Nxb Chinh tri qude gia - Sy that, Ha Ngi, 2008 - 2011 Tran Due Cudng chu bien, Phdt trien xd hgi vd qudn ly phdt trien xd hgi d Viet Nam: Mot sd vdn de ly luan vd thuc tien, Nxb Khoa hge xa hgi, Ha Ngi, 2012 Bill Tat Thang ehu bien, Phdt trien nhanh vd ben viing nen kinh te Viet Nam (thai ky 2011-2020), Nxb Khoa hge xa hgi Ha Ngi, 2010 Nguyen Binh Giang ehu bien, Tdc dgng xd hgi viing cua cdc khu cdng nghiep a Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi, Ha Ngi, 2012 Nguyen Thang, Nguyen thi Thanh Ha, Nguyen Cao Due, Kinh ti Viet Nam giai dogn 2006-2010 vd triin vgng 2011-2020, Nxb Khoa hge xa hgi, Ha Ngi, 2012 Nguyen Xuan Thang ehu bien, Kinh te the gidi vd Viet Nam nam 2011 vd triin vgng nam 2012, Nxb Khoa hge xa hgi Ha Ngi, 2012 Ha Huy Thanh, Le Cao Doan (dong ehu bien), Vdn de mdi trudng phdt trien xd hgi vd qudn lyphdt trien xd hgi theo hudng ben viing d Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi Ha Ngi, 2011 Pham Thi Ngge Tram chii bien, Qudn ly Nha nude dot vdi tdi nguyen vd mdi trudng vi su phdt trien ben vdng dual gdc nhin xd hgi - nhan vdn, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi, Ha Ngi, 2006 Pham Xuan Nam (ehu bien): Triet ly phdt trien a Viet Nam - mdy vdn di cdt yiu, Nxb Khoa hge xa hgi, Ha Ngi, 2008 10 So lieu eiia Tong cue Thong ke; Bg Lao dgng, Thuong binh - xa hgi i Bao Lao dgng, Thai bao kinh te Viet Nam 12 www: hltp// Tien phong online, Tuan Vietnam.net 152 ... vdi ehien luge phat trien kinh te - xd hgi dat nude Ngay nay, tang truang kinh te la doi hoi tat yeu, nhimg neu phat trien khong deu ve kinh le se anh hucVng nghiem trgng den phat trien xa hgi,... cao cho tang truang kinh te va tren thuc te nen kinh te da phat trien vai toe ngoan muc Tuy nl ien, Hgc thuyet phat trien kinh te hai hoa cua Trung Quoe cho rang su phat trien kinh te cua hg dang... mudn phat trien xa hgi ragt each tot dep phai hudng vao sy phat trien kinh le, lao dgng lye cho sy phat trien kinh le Vi vay, Irudc bet phai ddi radi tu ve phat trien, chuyen tir tu phat triln