CATEGORY 1: introduction .1 1.1 Reason for choosing the topic 1.2 Reseach purposes 1.3 Research subjects 1.4 Research methods 1.5 New points Content 2.1.Theoretic basis of the topic 2.2 The reality of the topic 2.3 Problem sloving 2.3.1 Definition 2.3.2 Types of conditional sentences 2.3.2.1 Conditional sentences in the text book 2.3.3 Other expressions of conditional sentences 2.4 Extended conditional sentences 2.5 forms of objective test of conditional test .7 2.6 Efectiveness of initiatives experience 13 Conclusion 14 3.1 Petition .14 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reason for choosing the topic English, an international language, has been a compulsory subject at high schools in Vietnam in the past few years Foreign language teaching – English is also being attended by schools, educators, teachers, parents and students They are also given the other educational teaching methods Conditional sentences are one of the important grammars that are included in the national high school examination and excellent student competition However, most students only know the formula and usage of conditonal type 1,2 and students are often confused whe they encounter mixed-form conditions Therefor many students have difficulty in distinguishing and doing exercises related to conditional sentences Especially for the weak students in the school that I am teaching Most of them are weak students of foreign languages so the purpose I set for my self is how to get the students to know the knowledge the simplest, most effective way, and they can be applied on the national high school exam The knowledge I want to introduce in this experience initiative is some experience teaching effective conditional sentences for students at Tho Xuan High School in the National High School Examination They are very simple, short, easy to identify, easy to remember and easy to score 1.2 Reseach purposes in the high school program “ The conditional sentence” is taught grades 10,11 and 12 with different types of exercises In my topic I not only provide some grammar structures but also how to define conditional types and forms of conditional sentences with form of objective test to match the test 1.3 Research subjects In my topic I choose high school students and learn the current standard curriculum Students have different quallifications: excellent, good, average and weak This theme is applied in the grades 12A1 and 12A5 from 2015 to 2016 With this topic I give some the following tasks - Understand the content, which the teacher introduced - Provide students with methods and teach students how to them - I would like to provide a special type of exercises to involve to extended conditional sentences 1.4 Research methods Research, collect various types of objective test and how to them Through this, teachers not only assess awarness but also awarness ability of the students during the learning process 1.5 New points According to extended conditional sentences English has two main types of conditional sentencs They are assumption conditional sentences and expression conditional sentences CONTENT 2.1 THEORETIC BASIS OF THE TOPIC When teaching grammar about conditional sentences I always think how students understand and distinguish between types of conditional sentences and how to exercises related to high achieving conditional sentences such as what kind of condition is it ?; what kind of tenses must the verbs be divided ?; when we use conditional type 1,2,3, mix conditional sentences, inverse conditional sentences, replacing if in conditional sentences ? 2017 is the third years MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING continues to intergrate college entrance exam and high school graduation in to one It makes my students more difficult in formatting conditional types especially in difficult form Moreover, according to traditional teaching – learning methods, students just passively listen and note down.so grammar lessons become very boring However, the new text book program nowadays learner is center students can be ability to think, be creative and active So I boldly introduce some forms of conditional recognition and some types of exercises to help them consolidate grammar and practice effectively to achieve high results in the exam 2.2 THE REALITY OF THE TOPIC Though actual teaching and assessment results in grades with basic program many students understand and homework however, the result is not as expected because the background knowledge of students is limited before applying two classes 12A1 and 12A5 12A1; Excellent students : 5% Good students : 25% Average students : 55% Weak students : 15% 12A5 : Excellent students : % Good students : 20 % Average students : 56% Weak students : 20% To implement this topic I will solve the following related issues: - summary the knowledge of condition sentences in the text book - extend other types of conditional sentences - provide forms of objective tests of conditional sentences 2.3 PROBLEM SLOVING 2.3.1 DEFINITION Conditional sentences have two parts: if –clause and main- clause Eg: if it rains, I will stay at home If- clause: if it rain Main –clause : I will stay at home 2.3.2 TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 2.3.2.1 Conditional sentences in the text book There are three types of conditional sentences: a Conditional sentences : type Express the actions, things that can happen at the present or the future - FUTURE ACTIONS If + S + simple present… +S + will/can/may/must/shall + verb in simple form[1] Eg : If you don’t study hard, you won’t not pass the exam - THÓI QUEN (HABITUAL) If + S + simple present tense + simple present tense If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits every patiens in the affternoon I usually walk to school if I have enough time - MỆNH LỆNH (COMMAND) If + S + simple present tense + command form of verb + If you go to the post Office, mail this letter for me Please call me if you hear any thing from John b Conditional sentences : type Express actions, things, that are contrary to the present If + S + simple past…+ would/could/should/might + verb in simple form[1] Eg If I were you, I would choose this job c Conditional sentences: type Express actions, things that are contrary to the past If + S + past perfect…+ would/could/should/might + have + verb past participle[1] Eg: If I had known you were ill yesterday I would have met you 2.3.3 Other expressions of conditional sentences 2.3.3.1 “Or”[2] Eg Keep silent or you will wake the baby up 2.3.3.2 “When” Eg I will call you when I go home 2.3.3.3 “Without” [2] Eg Without the sun, man would live in the darkness 2.3.3.4 “Unless” Eg Unless you work hard, you will fail the exam 2.3.3.5 Supposed (that) / Supposing (that) [2] Provided (that) / Providing (that) Eg Supposed that he were in Hanoi now, I would visit him 2.3.3.6 On condition that[2] Eg I will help you on condition that you help me 2.3.3.7 Assuming[2] Eg Assuming you went to Britain, what place would you want to visit first? 2.3.3.8 If only Eg If only I were 10 cm taller, I would become to model 2.3.3.9 The usage will,would, could, should, in some other cases.[3] Normal theseauxiliary verbs not use if in conditional clause of conditional sentences However, there are some exceptions: - If you (will/would): using in polite requests Would is more polite than will If you will/would wait for a moment I will go and see if Mr Conner is here - If + Subject + Will/Would: express volunteerism If he will listen to me, I can help him Will express the stubbornness If you will turn on the music loudly so late tonight, no wonder why your neighbours complain - If you could: express a polite request surely the listener will agree If you could open your book, please If + Subject + should + + command If you should find any difficulty in using that TV, please call me 2.3.3.10 if uses in other cases.[3] If then: If she can’t come to us, then we will have to go and see her If uses in logical inference(not conditional sentences): If you want to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice If you did not much maths at school, you will find economics difficult to understand If that was Marry, why didn’t she stop and say hello If should = If happen to = If should happen to express uncertainty If you should happen to pass a supermarket, perhaps you could get some eggs If was/were to express untrue condiion or imagination If our boss was/were to come in now (= if the boss came in now), we would be in real trouble What would we if I was/were to lose my job or express a polite request If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down Note: this structure is not permitted with static verbs or mental states Correct: If I knew her name, I would tell you Incorrect: If I was/were to know If it + to be + not + for: The present tense If it wasn’t/weren’t for the children, that couple wouldn’t have any thing to talk about The past simple If it hadn’t been for your help, I don’t know what to Not sometimes adds to the verbs after if to express uncertainty I wonder if we shouldn’t ask the doctor to look at Mary It would if + subject + would (don’t use in writing) It would be better if they would tell every body in advance How would we feel if this would happen to our family If ’d have ’d have: uses in spoken language it expresses a condition that can not happen in the past If I’d have known, I’d have told you If she’d have recognized him it would have been funny If + preposition + noun/verb (subject + be is omitted) If in doubt, ask for help (= If you are in doubt, ) If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good nights sleep (= If you are about to go on ) If uses with some words as any/anything/ever/not to express negative There is little if any good evidence for flying saucers (There is little evidence, if there is any at all, for flying saucers) I’m not angry If anything, I feel a little surprised This expression also expresses the testimony I’d say he was more like a father, if anything He seldom if ever travel abroad Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word If + Adjective = although (meaning is not strong although) His style, if simple, is pleasant to read The profits, if little lower than last year’s, are still extremely wealthy This structure can be replaced by may , bus His style may be simple, but it is pleasant to read 2.3.3.11 Reversible forms of condition sentences Type 1: If-clause = Should + S (+not) + V(bare-inf.)… Eg If he has money, he will buy a new car  Should he have money, he will buy a new car If Linda does not her homework, she will be punished  Should Linda not her homework, she will be punished Type 2: If-clause = Were + S (+not) + to V… Eg If he knew the answer, he would tell you  Were he to know the answer, he would tell you If I were you, I would go abroad for studying  Were I you, I would go abroad for studying Type 3: If-clause = Had + S (+ not) + P2… Eg If they had not gone to Huong pagoda by coach, they would not have got carsick  Had they not gone to Huong pagoda by coach, they would not have got carsick 2.4 Extended conditional sentences.[4] According to extended conditional sentences English has two main types of conditional sentencs They are assumption conditional sentences and expression conditional sentences 2.4.1 Expression conditional sentences 2.4.1.1 If – clause Adverbials of time Tense of verbs Present simple or future Present simple tense Present progressive Present progressive tense or present simple tense Present perfect Present perfect tense or present perfect progressive tense Past simple Past simple tense Past progressive Past progressive tense Past perfect Past perfect tense or past perfect progressive tense Eg If it does not rain tomorrow, … If my mother is at home now, … If he is living in London at present, … If John was in the theatre yesterday, … If she has been learning English for seven years, … 2.4.1.2 Main clause - Auxiliary : WILL / CAN - Verb in the infinitive after auxiliary WILL: + present simple / future  bare infinitive + present progressive  be V-ing + present perfect / past simple / past perfect  have PII + past progressive / persent perfect progressive / past perfect progressive  have been V-ing Eg If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go swimming If my mother is at home now, she will be cooking dinner If he is living in London at present, he will be working as an engineer If John was in the theatre yesterday, he will not go there again today If she has been learning English for seven years, she will have spoken this language fluently 2.4.2 Assumption conditional sentences 2.4.2.1 If-clause Adverbials of time Tense of verbs Present simple or future Past simple tense Present progressive Past progressive tense or past simple tense Present perfect Past perfect tense or past perfect progressive tense Past simple Past perfect tense Past progressive Past perfect progressive tense Eg If there were no air, … If I were you, … If he were staying at home now, … If they had been living here for years now, … If we had not gone to Huong pagoda by coach yesterday, … 2.4.2.2 Main – clause - Auxiliary WOULD / COULD - Verb in the infinitive after auxiliary WOULD: + present simple / future  bare infinitive + present progressive  be V-ing + present perfect / past simple / past perfect  (have PII) + past progressive / persent perfect progressive / past perfect progressive  have been V-ing If there were no air, no species would exist If I were you, I would make friend with her If he were staying at home now, he would be watching his favourite football matches If they had been living here for years now, they would have had a lot of friends If we had not gone to Huong pagoda by coach yesterday, we would not have got carsick 2.5 FORMS OF OBJECTIVE TEST OF CONDITIONAL TEST 2.5.1 Choose the best answer by circling A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences .[5] If I …………hungry now, I…………… five sandwiches, but I’m not A am – can eat B were – can eat C were – could eat D were – will eat What would you if you …………… a lottery A win B will win C won D had won If you………………….a millionaire, you might be happy A became B will become C become D had became If you had tried your best, you…………………………the job A, will get B got C had got D would have got If he …………………now, he………………… the rush hour A leaves / missed B leaves / will miss C leaves / would miss D left/ missed If I………… in his shoes, I …………… the Browns A am / wouldn’t invite B were / wouldn’t invite C were / won’t invite D would be/ invite If he………………… late, he would have caught his bus A worked B has worked C had not worked D would work It quicker if you use a computer A will be B would be C were D.been If I knew his address, I round and see him A go B will go C would go D went 10 If we want to get higher salary, we………………….harder A work B would work C worked D must work 11, without your help ,I the technical problem with my computer the other day.[6] A wouldn’t solve B Couldn’t have solved C could solve D Can’t solved 12 If I were him, I……………… somebody for help A asked B would ask C will ask D had asked 13 If you fell, you……………….yourself A would hurt B are hurting C will hurrt D hurt 14 What ………… you if you stop this work? A would B C are D will 15 If I … time, I’ll help you A have B had C had had D will have 16 If I found a wallet in the street, I ……….take it to the police A will B should C would D B and C 17 What would you if you … a million pounds? A win B won C will win D A and C 18 If Ken ……… the train, he would have been late for his interview A missed B has missed C miss D had missed 19 It be a pity if she married Fred A will B would C can D may 20 I know I’ll feel better if I smoking A will stop B stopped C.stop D had stopped 21 I … that coat if I ….you A wouldn’t buy/ were B didn’t buy/ were C don’t buy/ am D won’t buy/ am 22 If the driver in front … so suddenly, the accident wouldn’t have happened A hasn’t stopped B hadn’t stopped C didn’t stop D don’t stop 23 If I … a lot of money now, I … .a new car A have/ will buy B have/ would buy C had/ will buy D had/ would buy 24 If you ….here yesterday, you …me A were/ would meet B had been/ would meet C were/ would have met D had been/would have been 25 If I find it, I … you A will tell B shall tell C would tell D A and B 26 If I … you were in hospital, I … to see you A know/ will go B knew/ would go C had known/ would have gone D all are incorrect 27 You are late If you …… a few minutes earlier, you …… him A came / would meet B had come / would have met C come / will meet D had come / would meet 28 I’d have gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I …… time A had B have had C had had D would have had 29 If you didn’t this, you …… punished A are B will be C should D would be 30 If he had told me the truth, I …… him A will not punish B would not have punished C would not punis D.would have not punished 31 “What you think about the U.S?” “If I had known it was so industrialized, I …… come here” A would never have B would never C will never D have been 32 If they had not given me advice, I …… again A would have failed B would fail C would have been failed D wouldn’t fail 33 If I …… a scholarship to England, my parents would be very proud of me A get B got C had got D will get 34 Bill …… more photographs if he …… more film A would take / had had B would have taken / had C would take / has had D would have taken / had had 35 I would have met you at the bus terminal if I …… that you were arriving A know B had known C knew D would know 36 If there …… no floods last year, the crop …… better A had been / would have been B were / would be C had / would have been D was / would have been 37 I don’t have enough time If I …… more time, I …… to see you A have / will come B had / would come C have had / will have come D had had / would have come 38 Peter failed the final exam If he …… harder, he …… A has worked / will succeed B worked / succeeded C had worked / would succeed D had worked /would have succeeded 39 If he …… taller, he …… able to join the police A is / will be B was / would be C were / would be D were / will be 40 If I had known it would rain, I …… my umbrella A will take B would take C am going to take D would have taken 2.5.2 Error identification If I had had some money, I would give you some A B C D If he jogs regularly, his health wouldn’t be so bad as it is now A B C D I won’t go to school tomorrow unless I don’t feel better A B C D I didn’t know about it If I had known about it I would come A B C D I would make a very interesting film about mathematicians if I am a film A B C D director We could have saved more time if we took the plane A B C D If the class is full, we would find another one A B C D 10 If I graduated from college, I wouldn’t have missed the opportunity last year A B C D If I were in your position, I would have changed the job A B C D 10 If she bought that house now, she ran out of money A B C D 11 Were our train arrived punctually, we should have time to visit your sister A B C D 12 If Jack had not been honest, he would have returned the money A B C D 13 We would be making a profit if all will go according to the plan A B C D 14 I’ll be at the cinema on time unless I’ll have to work overtime A B C D 15 If you had been careless, you wouldn’t have had an accident A B C D 16 If I die, please to inform my wife A B C D 17 If it hadn’t rain yesterday, I would have come to see you A B C D 18 If we had known the news, we would have been told you A B C D 19 If we were serious about pollution, we spent more money on research A B C D 20 They would be glad unless the rain stopped soon A B C D 2.5.3 Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions If you need my advice, I would forget about buying a new house A If I were you, I did not buy a new house B If I were you, I wouldn’t bought a new house C If I were you, I hadn’t bought a new house D If I were you, I would not buy a new house He was drivinng so fast that he could have had an accident A An accident happened, and it was caused by his very fast driving B He didn’t have an accident although he was driving very fast C If he had been driving very fast , he would have had an accident D He wasn’t driving slow enough to avoid the accident You don’t try to work hard You will fail in the exam A Unless you don’t try to work hard, you will fail in the exam B Unless you try to work hard, you won’t fail in the exam C Unless you try to work hard, you will fail in the exam D Unless you try to work hard, you will fail in the exam 11 John didn’t install an alarm, so the thieves broke into his house last night A If John installed an alarm, the thieves didn’t break into his house last night B Because John hadn’t installed an alarm, the thieves would break into his house last night C If John had installed an alarm, the thieves wouldn’t break into his house last night D Had John installed an alarm, the thieves wouldn’t have broken into his house last nigh Without transportation, our modern society would not exist [7] A If there were no transportation, our modern society would not exist B If transportation no longer exist, our modern society will not either C Our modern society will not exist without having traffic D Our modern society does not exist if there is no transportation The driver in front stopped so suddently Therefore, the accident happened A If the driver in front hadn’t stopped so sudddenly, the accident wouldn’t have happened B If the driver in front hadn’t stopped so sudddenly, the accident wouldn’t happen C If the driver in front hadn’t stopped so sudddenly, the accident would have happened D If the driver in front hadn’t stopped so sudddenly and the accident would have happened I’ll let you borrow the book but you must promise to return it next week A If you promise to return the book, I let you borrow it B If you promised to return the book, I’ll let you borrow it C If you promise to return the book, I won’t let you borrow it D If you promise to return the book, I’ll let you borrow it Even Richard had on time, it’s doubtful if he could have found somewhere to park his car A If Richard had on time, he could have found a place to park his car B Richard didn’t on time; otherwise he would definitely have found somewhere to park his car C I think Richard could hardly have found any place to park his car even if he had arrived on time D Because Richard had arrived on time, he could have found a place to park his car She was careless A fire broke out in the kitchen A If she were careless, a fire broke out in the kitchen B If she had been careful, a fire broke out in the kitchen C If she had been careless, a fire would have broken out in the kitchen D If she had been careful , a fire would not have broken out in the kitchen 10 You are in this mess right now because you didn’t listen to me in the first place 12 A If you listen to my advice in the first place, you will not be in this mess right now B If you had listened to my advice in the first place, you would not be in this mess right now C If you listened to my advice in the first place, you would not be in this mess right now D If you had listened to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t have been in this mess right now ANSWER KEY Exercise 1: C 11 B 21 A 2.C 12 B 22 B A 13 A 23 D D 14 D 24 D B 15 A 25 D B 16 D 26 C C 17 B 27 A A 18 D 28 C C 19 B 29 D 10 D 20 C 30 C Exercise 2: 1.A 6.D 11.B 2.A 7.C 12.D 3.D 8.B 13.D 4.D 9.D 14.D 5.D 10.C 15.C Exercise 3: 1B 2C 3C 4D 6A 7D 8C 9D 2.6 Efectiveness of initiatives experience The results apply two classes 12A1 and 12A5 12A1; Excellent students : 15% Good students : 40% Average students : 40% Weak students : 5% 12A5 : Excellent students : 11% Good students : 35% 31 A 32 A 33 B 34 D 35 B 36 A 37 B 38 D 39 C 40 D 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.B 5A 10 B 13 Average students : 40% Weak students : CONCLUSION In the process of teaching English at Tho Xuan High School I have introduced to students the basic knowledge of conditional sentences in English For different students the knowledge requirements are also differents For weak students I introduce the basic knowledge so that students can distinguish the three types of conditional sentences in multiple- choice for good students or excellent students I provide higher knowledge So in the process of teaching I find most students know the basic knowledge They can apply and the multiple- choice in the test when working on this subject, the teacher should pay attention to the topic, grammartical structure and each student object to set appropriate requirements The teachers should instruct students to understand the requirements but it must be logical On the other hand, we must respect the independence and creativity of students 3.1 PETITION When researching this topic.I would like to apply the required content of the theory and grammar exercises on teaching English in High School At the same time I also wish to the contributions of colleague to make the content more rich and perfect XÁC NHẬN CỦA THỦ TRƯỞNG ĐƠN VỊ Thanh Hóa,ngày 25 tháng năm 2017 Tôi xin cam đoan đoan SKKN viết, không chép nội dung người khác Phạm Thị Nga 14 DOCUMENTARY REFERENCES [1] Sách giáo khoa 10,11,12 sách giáo viên 10,11,12 [2] Luyện thi cấp tốc tiếng Anh , Lưu Hoàng trí [3].English grammar in use, Raymond Murphy [4] Practical English Grammar A.J.Thomson & A.V.Martinet [5] Bài tập trắc nghiệm ngữ pháp tiếng anh THPT,Đỗ Tuấn Minh & Hoàng Tuấn [6] Đề thi THPTQG năm 2016 [7] Đề minh họa thi THPTQG năm 2017 15 ... on the national high school exam The knowledge I want to introduce in this experience initiative is some experience teaching effective conditional sentences for students at Tho Xuan High School. .. students : CONCLUSION In the process of teaching English at Tho Xuan High School I have introduced to students the basic knowledge of conditional sentences in English For different students the. .. whe they encounter mixed-form conditions Therefor many students have difficulty in distinguishing and doing exercises related to conditional sentences Especially for the weak students in the school