Thiet ke chieu sang ALG (advanced lighting guidelines)

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Thiet ke chieu sang ALG (advanced lighting guidelines)

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Hướng dẫn này được sử dụng cho các kiến trúc sư, nhà thầu thiết kế, nhà thiết kế chiếu sáng, kỹ sư điện, nhà thiết kế điện, nhà giáo dục ánh sáng, sinh viên, quản lý chương trình tiện ích, cán bộ thu mua, quản lý dự án dịch vụ năng lượng, các nhà phân tích chính sách của chính phủ, cơ sở vật chất nhà quản lý, chủ sở hữu tòa nhà, người tài trợ xây dựng, cán bộ thực thi mã và những người khác thực hiện quyết định về ánh sáng.

About New Buildings Institute The New Buildings Institute, Inc (Institute) is a not-for-profit public benefits corporation helping to make buildings better for people and the environment through policy development, research, guidelines and codes The Institute works with national, regional, and state organizations, as well as with utilities, to advance our mission We closely coordinate our building research, design guidelines, and code projects so that all of the elements of good building design are integrated in the products and services we make available for use by energy efficiency programs throughout the United States In addition to our formal projects, we often assume the role of “carrier” – bringing emerging good ideas and seasoned program models from one state or region to another Advanced Lighting Guidelines Project Team Project Manager (s): David E Weigand, New Buildings Institute, Inc Authors: James Benya, Benya Lighting Design Lisa Heschong, Heschong Mahone Group Terry McGowan, Lighting Ideas, Inc Naomi Miller, Naomi Miller Lighting Design Francis Rubinstein, Rubylight Co-Authors: Barbara Erwine, Cascadia Conservation Nancy Clanton, Clanton & Associates Mike Neils, M Neils Engineering, Inc Douglas Mahone, Heschong Mahone Group Technical Editor: Charles Eley, Eley Associates Editor: Jennifer Roberts Richard Flood Graphics and Production: Zelaikha Akram, Eley Associates Kimberly Got, Eley Associates Debra Janis, Eley Associates Anamika Prasad, Eley Associates Rodney A Renbarger, Crater Designs © 2003 by New Buildings Institute, Inc All rights reserved Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to New Buildings Institute, Inc at PO Box 653, White Salmon, WA 98672 or via http://www.newbuildings.org LEGAL NOTICES This report was prepared as a result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees, or the State of California The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warranty, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the use of this information does not infringe upon privately owned rights DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK SPONSORED OR COSPONOSORED BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC (EPRI) NEITHER EPRI, ANY MEMBER OF EPRI, ANY COSPONSOR, THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF ANY OF THEM: (A) MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (I) WITH RESPECT TO THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR (II) THAT SUCH USE DOES NOT INFRINGE ON OR INTERFERE WITH PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS, INCLUDING ANY PARTY’S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OR (III) THAT THIS REPORT IS SUITABLE TO ANY PARTICULAR USER’S CIRCUMSTANCE; OR (B) ASSUMES ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF EPRI OR ANY EPRI REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES) RESULTING FROM YOU SELECTION OR USE OF THIS REPORT OR ANY INFORMATION APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT ORGANIZATIONS: CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC IOWA ENERGY CENTER NEW BUILDINGS INSTITUTE, INC NEW YORK STATE ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY NORTHWEST ENERGY EFFICIENCY ALLIANCE PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY SACRAMENTO MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT SAN DIEGO GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON COMPANY US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS This program is funded in part by California utility customers and administered by the Southern California Edison Company under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission Neither the sponsors, authors, editors, advisors, publisher, California Energy Commission, or the New Buildings Institute, Inc nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any data, information, method, product or process disclosed in this document, or represents that its use will not infringe any privately-owned rights, including but not limited to, patents, trademarks or copyrights Table of Contents Introduction .1-1 1.1 About the Advanced Lighting Guidelines 1-1 1.2 Inside the Advanced Lighting Guidelines .1-1 Lighting and Human Performance 2-1 2.1 Light and Vision 2-2 2.1.1 Illumination Range 2-3 2.1.2 Color 2-4 2.1.3 Visual Size 2-5 2.1.4 Contrast .2-5 2.1.5 Motion 2-6 2.1.6 The Aging Eye 2-6 2.1.7 Photopic and Scotopic Vision .2-6 2.1.8 Vision and the Brain 2-10 2.1.9 Computer Use and Vision 2-10 2.2 Light and Health .2-11 2.2.1 Melanin, Vitamin D and Medical Uses of Light 2-12 2.2.2 Circadian Rhythms, SAD and Jet Lag 2-12 2.2.3 Eye Development 2-13 2.2.4 Full-spectrum Light 2-14 2.2.5 Light and Mood 2-15 2.2.6 Flickering Light 2-15 2.2.7 Ultraviolet Light 2-16 2.2.8 Other Forms of Radiation 2-16 2.3 Light and Productivity 2-17 2.3.1 Recent Findings 2-18 2.3.2 Observations on the Research 2-19 2.3.3 Daylighting Studies 2-20 Lighting Impacts and Policies 3-1 3.1 Energy Impacts 3-1 3.1.1 Lighting Energy Use by Building Type 3-2 3.1.2 Lighting Energy Use as a Percentage of Whole Building Energy Use .3-4 3.1.3 Lighting Impacts on HVAC Systems 3-6 3.1.4 Lighting Impacts on Peak Electric Loads 3-7 3.2 Environmental Impacts 3-12 3.2.1 Energy Impacts on the Environment .3-12 3.2.2 Resource Efficiency 3-15 3.2.3 Disposal Issues 3-16 3.2.4 Light Trespass 3-17 3.2.5 Light Pollution 3-19 3.3 Lighting Policies, Codes and Standards 3-23 3.3.1 National Energy Policy and Standards .3-23 3.3.2 Energy Codes 3-25 3.3.3 Construction Codes 3-33 3.3.4 Standards of Practice 3-34 Lighting Design Considerations 4-1 4.1 The Lighting Design (and Redesign) Process 4-1 4.2 Lighting Quantity 4-1 4.2.1 Setting Criterion Illumination Levels 4-1 4.2.2 Illumination Levels Based on Light Source Spectrum 4-3 4.3 Lighting Quality 4-5 4.3.1 Light Distribution 4-6 4.3.2 Space and Workplace Considerations 4-14 ii 4.3.3 Lighting People and Objects .4-22 4.4 Implementation .4-23 4.4.1 Lighting Analysis Tools .4-23 4.4.2 Daylighting Design Analysis Tools 4-31 4.4.3 Economic Analysis of Lighting Systems 4-33 Applications 5-1 5.1 General Comments About the 2003 Lighting Applications Models 5-1 5.1.1 What’s Different 5-1 5.1.2 The Examples Are Not Exemplary 5-2 5.1.3 Technologies .5-2 5.1.4 Applying Controls 5-3 5.2 Before Designing Lighting 5-4 5.3 Private Offices and Small Work Rooms 5-6 5.3.1 Private Office 1: Direct/Task-Ambient Strategy With Window 5-9 5.3.2 Private Office 2: Indirect/Task-Ambient Strategy With Window 5-11 5.3.3 Private Office 3: Windowless, Direct Lighting Strategy 5-13 5.3.4 Private Office 4: “Manager’s Office” with Direct Ambient Strategy 5-15 5.4 Open Plan Office Areas 5-19 5.4.1 Open Plan Office 1, Using Lay-in Troffers 5-22 5.4.2 Open Plan Office 2, Using T-5HO Uplighting 5-26 5.4.3 Open Plan Office 3, Using T-8 Uplighting 5-30 5.5 Executive Offices/Conference Rooms 5-33 5.5.1 Executive Office / Conference Room 5-35 5.5.2 Executive Office / Conference Room 5-36 5.5.3 Executive Office / Conference Room 5-37 5.5.4 Executive Office / Conference Room 5-38 5.6 Grocery Stores .5-41 5.6.1 Grocery Store Without Skylights .5-42 5.6.2 Grocery Store With Skylights 5-46 5.7 Big Box Retail Stores .5-50 5.7.1 Big Box Electric Lighting 5-51 5.7.2 Big Box Store with Skylights .5-55 5.8 Specialty Stores and Boutiques .5-61 5.8.1 Specialty Store: Café or Delicatessen .5-62 5.8.2 Retail Store, Boutique, or Gift Shop 5-67 5.8.3 Small General Retail or Small Grocery .5-71 5.9 Classrooms 5-73 5.9.1 Classroom 1, with Suspended Luminaires .5-74 5.9.2 Classroom, ”Troffer" Layout 5-76 5.9.3 Classroom With Windows 5-78 5.10 Exterior – Gas Station Canopies 5-84 5.10.1 Gas Station Canopy 5-85 Light Sources and Ballast Systems 6-1 6.1 Energy-efficient Lamps 6-2 6.2 General Performance Characteristics 6-2 6.2.1 Efficacy and Energy 6-2 6.2.2 Lamp Life 6-3 6.2.3 Maintenance of Light Output .6-5 6.2.4 Color 6-6 6.2.5 Lamp Temperature Characteristics 6-9 6.2.6 Burning Position Considerations .6-10 6.2.7 Discharge Lamp Ballasts 6-10 6.3 Daylight 6-12 6.3.1 Daylight as a Light Source 6-12 6.3.2 The Efficacy of Daylight 6-14 iii 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.3.3 Chromaticity and Color Rendering 6-15 6.3.4 Spectral Characteristics 6-15 High Performance (Tungsten-Halogen) Incandescent Lamps .6-16 6.4.1 Technology Description 6-17 6.4.2 Capsule Lamps 6-17 6.4.3 Lamps within Lamps 6-18 6.4.4 MR Lamps .6-18 6.4.5 Infrared Reflecting (IR) Film Lamps 6-19 6.4.6 Halogen Lamps—Unique Life and Failure Characteristics .6-21 6.4.7 Dimming Halogen Lamps 6-22 6.4.8 Application Guidelines 6-22 Fluorescent Lamps .6-24 6.5.1 Technology Description 6-24 6.5.2 Linear Fluorescent Lamps 6-27 6.5.3 Energy-efficient Fluorescent Ballasts 6-29 6.5.4 Fluorescent System Application Considerations 6-34 6.5.5 Application Guidelines—Linear Fluorescent Systems 6-35 6.5.6 Compact Fluorescent Lamps 6-37 6.5.7 CFL System Performance .6-41 6.5.8 Electrodeless Lamps .6-41 HID Lamps .6-43 6.6.1 Technology Description 6-44 6.6.2 Metal Halide Lamps 6-46 6.6.3 High-pressure Sodium Lamps 6-51 6.6.4 Advanced HPS Products 6-52 6.6.5 HID Ballasts 6-53 6.6.6 Application Guidelines 6-54 6.6.7 Low-pressure Sodium Lamps 6-56 Light-emitting Diodes (LEDs) 6-57 6.7.1 Operational Characteristics .6-58 6.7.2 LED Performance 6-58 6.7.3 Application Guidelines 6-59 Photoluminescent Materials 6-59 Resources 6-59 Luminaires and Light Distribution 7-1 7.1 Why Luminaires are Important .7-1 7.1.1 Light Distribution 7-1 7.1.2 Luminaire Efficiency and Effectiveness 7-1 7.1.3 Appearance and Architectural Integration 7-2 7.1.4 Definition of Advanced Luminaires .7-5 7.2 Electric Luminaire Components .7-5 7.2.1 Sources and Ballasts 7-5 7.2.2 Reflectors 7-5 7.2.3 Shielding/Diffusion Components .7-6 7.2.4 Housings .7-8 7.3 Considerations for Electric Luminaire Selection 7-8 7.3.1 General Performance Criteria .7-8 7.3.2 Photometric Data 7-9 7.3.3 Cost Strategies 7-16 7.3.4 Maintenance and Durability 7-16 7.3.5 Manufacturing Waste and Disposal Issues .7-16 7.4 Daylight Systems 7-17 7.4.1 Advanced Daylight Systems .7-19 7.4.2 Daylight System Components 7-19 7.4.3 Toplighting Daylight Systems 7-28 iv 7.4.4 Sidelighting Daylight Systems 7-32 7.5 Electric Lighting: Indoor Luminaires .7-38 7.5.1 Common Light Distributions 7-39 Direct (“Downward”) Lighting: Luminaires for Ambient Lighting 7-46 7.5.2 Direct (“Downward”) Lighting: Wall-washers, Accent Lights, Display Lighting 7-54 7.5.3 Direct (“Downward”) Lighting: Track Lighting 7-58 7.5.4 Direct (“Downward”) Lighting: Task Lighting 7-59 7.5.5 Direct Lighting: Decorative Pendant Downward Light 7-62 7.5.6 Direct (“Downward”) Lighting: Shelf Lighting 7-62 7.5.7 Indirect Lighting ("Uplighting") 7-63 7.5.8 Direct-Indirect ("Upward-Downward") Lighting 7-67 7.5.9 Diffuse Lighting 7-77 7.6 Outdoor Luminaires 7-77 7.6.1 Roadway Luminaires .7-78 7.6.2 Parking Lot Luminaires .7-82 7.6.3 Luminaires for Pedestrian Areas .7-83 7.6.4 Parking Structure Luminaires 7-84 7.6.5 Canopy Luminaires 7-85 7.6.6 Wall-Mounted Sconces and Wall Packs 7-86 7.6.7 Landscape Luminaires 7-87 7.6.8 Signage Luminaires 7-90 7.6.9 Building Facade Luminaires 7-91 7.6.10 Recreational Sports Luminaires 7-92 7.7 Specialty Lighting Products 7-93 7.8 Exit and Egress Luminaires 7-96 7.9 The Lighting Retrofit Opportunity 7-98 7.9.1 Interior Lighting Retrofits 7-98 7.9.2 Exterior Lighting Retrofits 7-100 7.9.3 Application Correction Factors 7-101 7.10 Luminaire System Performance 7-105 7.11 Guideline Specifications .7-106 7.11.1 Proprietary and "Three-Name" Specifications 7-107 7.11.2 Performance Specifications 7-107 7.12 Resources 7-108 Lighting Controls 8-1 8.1 Overview 8-1 8.1.1 Occupant Needs 8-1 8.1.2 Building Operation .8-2 8.1.3 Control Selection Guidelines .8-3 8.1.4 Energy Savings 8-11 8.1.5 Responding to Emergency Alerts .8-12 8.1.6 Commissioning 8-13 8.1.7 Maintenance 8-14 8.2 Switches and Dimmers 8-15 8.2.1 Description 8-15 8.2.2 Manual Dimming .8-17 8.3 Occupancy Sensors .8-19 8.3.1 Types of Occupancy Sensors 8-19 8.3.2 Mounting Packages 8-23 8.3.3 Special Features of Occupancy Sensors 8-24 8.3.4 Commissioning Adjustments 8-26 8.3.5 Application Guidelines 8-27 8.3.6 Documented Examples of Energy Savings from Occupancy Sensors 8-31 8.4 Daylighting Controls .8-33 8.4.1 Introduction .8-33 v 8.4.2 Control Techniques 8-34 8.4.3 Integrated Design 8-35 8.4.4 Daylighting Control Components 8-40 8.4.5 Evaluating Savings 8-46 8.4.6 Documented Examples of Energy Savings from Daylight Dimming Systems 8-47 8.4.7 Costs 8-49 8.5 Building-level Controls 8-50 8.5.1 EMS Systems 8-50 8.5.2 Scheduling Using EMS .8-51 8.5.3 Building Controls Integration 8-54 8.5.4 Load Shedding 8-55 8.5.5 Real-time Pricing .8-55 8.6 Other Strategies and Integrated Controls 8-56 8.6.1 Adaptive Compensation 8-56 8.6.2 Integrated Controls 8-57 Appendix .9-1 9.1 References .9-1 9.2 Acronyms 9-6 Figures Figure 2-1 – Overlapping Lighting Issues 2-1 Figure 2-2 – The Human Eye 2-2 Figure 2-3 – Illuminance Range of the Eye 2-3 Figure 2-4 – The Added Dimension of Color 2-4 Figure 2-5 – Visual Contrast 2-5 Figure 2-6 – Distribution of Rods and Cones in the Retina 2-7 Figure 2-7 – Scotopic, Mesopic and Photopic Ranges 2-8 Figure 2-8 – Spectral Sensitivity of Rods and Cones 2-9 Figure 2-9 – Computer Worker with Far-field View 2-11 Figure 2-10 – The Various Spectra of Daylight 2-14 Figure 3-1 – National Lighting Energy Use by Building Type 3-2 Figure 3-2 – Commercial Lighting Energy Use in California, 1994, by Building Type 3-3 Figure 3-3 – New Construction Commercial Lighting Energy Use in CA, 1998, by Bldg Type 3-4 Figure 3-4 – % of Building Electricity Use Devoted to Lighting, CA New Construction, 1998 3-5 Figure 3-5 – Lighting Energy Use Intensities, by Building Type, CA New Construction, 1999 3-5 Figure 3-6 – Lighting Power Density by Building Type, California New Construction, 1998 3-6 Figure 3-7 – Schedules for Lighting Use, K-12 Classroom 3-8 Figure 3-8 – Schedules for Lighting Use, University Classroom 3-9 Figure 3-9 – Schedules for Lighting Use, Grocery 3-9 Figure 3-10 – Schedules for Lighting Use, Office 3-10 Figure 3-11 – Schedules for Lighting Use, Restaurant 3-10 Figure 3-12 – Schedules for Lighting Use, Retail 3-11 Figure 3-13 –Schedules for Lighting Use, Warehouse 3-11 Figure 3-14 – Percentage of Commercial Floor Area Available for Daylighting by Toplighting 3-14 Figure 3-15 – Percentage of Commercial Floor Area Available for Daylighting by Sidelighting 3-15 Figure 3-16 – Night Sky in Tucson 3-20 Figure 3-17 – Views of Los Angeles from Mt Wilson 3-20 Figure 3-18 – Wasted Light Escaping to Space 3-21 Figure 3-19 – State Adoption of EPAct-compliant Commercial Energy Code 3-29 Figure 3-20 – The Dual Role of Codes: Whole Building Energy Use Relative to Code Standards 3-31 Figure 3-21 – Distribution of Overall Lighting Power Density (W/ft²) 3-32 Figure 4-1 – LCD Screens in the Workplace 4-21 Figure 4-2 – North Clackamas High School Classroom Study Tools 4-32 vi Figure 4-3 – Building Costs Relative to Business Operating Costs 4-39 Figure 5-1 – “Worst Case” Solar Condition 5-7 Figure 5-2 - Electric Lighting Distribution, Private Office at Night 5-8 Figure 5-3 – Lighting Application, Private Office 5-9 Figure 5-4 – Gray-scale Rendering, Private Office 5-10 Figure 5-5 – Lighting Application with Two Luminaire Option, Private Office 5-10 Figure 5-6 – Lighting Application, Private Office 5-12 Figure 5-7 – Gray-scale Rendering, Private Office 5-12 Figure 5-8 – Lighting Application, Private Office 5-14 Figure 5-9 – Gray-scale Rendering, Private Office 5-14 Figure 5-10 – Lighting Application, Manager’s Office, Private Office 5-15 Figure 5-11 – Gray-scale Rendering, Private Office 5-16 Figure 5-12– Gray-scale Rendering, Open Office Model (noon, clear, December 21) Top view 5-20 Figure 5-13 –Lighting Application, Open Office1 with Troffers, Task Lights, and Wallwashers 5-23 Figure 5-14 – Gray-scale Rendering, Open Office With Windows (noon, clear, December 21) Top view 5-24 Figure 5-15 – Lighting Application, Open Office 5-27 Figure 5-16 – Gray-scale Rendering, Open Office (Night) with Suspended Indirect T-5 HLO, and Task Lights 5-28 Figure 5-17 – Lighting Application, Open Office Plan Using T-8 Uplighting 5-31 Figure 5-18 – Gray-scale Rendering, Open Office (Night) with Suspended Indirect T-8 HLO and Task Lights 5-31 Figure 5-19 – Gray-scale Rendering, Open Office (Night), Aisle View 5-31 Figure 5-20 – Lighting Application, Executive Office/Conference Room 5-35 Figure 5-21 – Lighting Application, Executive Office/Conference Room 5-36 Figure 5-22 – Lighting Application, Executive Office/Conference Room 5-37 Figure 5-23 – Lighting Application, Executive Office/Conference Room 5-39 Figure 5-24 – Grey-scale Rendering, Grocery Store without Skylights 5-43 Figure 5-25 Lighting Application, Grocery Store with No Daylighting 5-43 Figure 5-26 – Grey-scale Rendering, Grocery Store with Skylights 5-46 Figure 5-27 – Lighting Application, Grocery Store with Skylights 5-47 Figure 5-28 Lighting Application, Big Box Retail 5-52 Figure 5-29 –Grey-scale Rendering, Electric Lighting Overview – Big Box Retail at Night 5-53 Figure 5-30 – Grey-scale Rendering, Back Aisles – Big Box Retail, Night 5-53 Figure 5-31 – Grey-scale Rendering, View from Entrance – Big Box Retail, Night 5-54 Figure 5-32 Lighting Application, Big Box Retail with Skylights 5-56 Figure 5-33 – Grey-scale Rendering, Big Box Retail with Skylights 5-57 Figure 5-34 – Grey-scale Rendering, Back Aisles View – Big Box Retail with Skylights 5-57 Figure 5-35 – Lighting Application, Specialty Store: Cafe or Delicatessen 5-63 Figure 5-36 – Grey-scale Rendering, Coffee Shop View from Rear 5-64 Figure 5-37 – Grey-scale Rendering, Coffee Shop from Entrance 5-64 Figure 5-38 – Lighting Application, Retail Store, Boutique, or Gift Shop 5-68 Figure 5-39 – Grey-scale Rendering, Clothing Shop Overview 5-69 Figure 5-40 – Lighting Application, Classroom with Suspended D/I Luminaires 5-74 Figure 5-41 – Lighting Application, Classroom 2, "Donut" Layout 5-76 Figure 5-42 – Lighting Application, Classroom with Daylighting 5-79 Figure 5-43 – Gray-scale Rendering 1, Classroom 3, Electric Lighting Only 5-80 Figure 5-44 – Isofootcandle Diagram 1, Classroom 3, Electric Lighting Only (Night) 5-81 Figure 5-45 – Gray-scale Rendering 2, Classroom 3, Typical Days 5-81 Figure 5-46 – Isofootcandle Diagram 2, Classroom 3, Typical Days, with Dimming Solution 5-82 Figure 5-47 – Gray-scale Rendering 3, Classroom 3, Sunny Days with Direct Sun 5-82 Figure 5-48 – Gray-scale Rendering 4, Classroom 3, Sunny Days with Shading 5-83 Figure 5-49 – Isofootcandle Diagram 3, Classroom 3, Sunny Days with Shading Solution 5-83 Figure 5-50 – Lighting Application, Gas Station Canopy 5-86 Figure 5-51 – Isofootcandle Diagram, Gas Station Canopy 5-86 Figure 5-52 – Wireframe Rendering, Gas Station Canopy 5-87 vii Figure 6-1 –Various Light Sources for General Lighting 6-1 Figure 6-2 – Efficacy Comparison of Light Sources for General Lighting 6-3 Figure 6-3 – Lamp Mortality Curve Examples 6-4 Figure 6-4 – Lumen Maintenance Curves 6-6 Figure 6-5 – CIE Chromaticity Diagram 6-7 Figure 6-6 – Chromaticity & Color Rendering Index for a Variety of Fluorescent and HID Lamps 6-8 Figure 6-7 – Fluorescent Lamp Temperature Characteristics 6-10 Figure 6-8 – Examples of Electronic Ballasts 6-11 Figure 6-9 – Example of Daylight Variability 6-13 Figure 6-10 – Daylight Illumination on Vertical Surfaces by Orientation, San Francisco 6-13 Figure 6-11 –Daylight Illumination on Horizontal Surface, San Francisco 6-14 Figure 6-12 – Spectral Distribution of Sunlight 6-16 Figure 6-13 – Linear Double-Ended Tungsten-Halogen Lamps 6-17 Figure 6-14 – Halogen Capsule Lamp 6-18 Figure 6-15 – MR-16 and MR-8 Lamp Examples 6-19 Figure 6-16 – Halogen PAR Lamp, Conventional and IR Filament Tubes 6-20 Figure 6-17 – Example of Reflector Lamp Beam Characteristics 6-24 Figure 6-18 – Lamp Output & Efficacy vs Power, Fluorescent and Incandescent Dimming 6-27 Figure 6-19 – Magnetic and Electronic Ballasts 6-30 Figure 6-20 – Examples of Compact Fluorescent Lamps 6-37 Figure 6-21 – T-2 Lamp and Electronic Ballast 6-38 Figure 6-22 – Light Output vs Temperature, Amalgam and Non-Amalgam CFLs 6-40 Figure 6-23 – CFL Output vs Ambient Temperature & Burning Position 6-40 Figure 6-24 – Electrodeless Lamp Design 6-42 Figure 6-25 – Electrodeless Lamp Design 6-42 Figure 6-26 – Electrodeless Lamp Design 6-42 Figure 6-27 – Examples of HID Lamps 6-43 Figure 6-28 – Dual Arc Tube HPS Lamp 6-45 Figure 6-29 – Metal Halide Lamp Configurations 6-47 Figure 6-30 – Double-Ended HID Lamp 6-49 Figure 6-31 – Directional Metal Halide PAR-38 Lamp 6-50 Figure 6-32 – Ceramic Arc Tube Metal Halide Lamps 6-51 Figure 6-33 – Low-pressure Sodium Lamps 6-56 Figure 6-34 – Construction of an LED 6-57 Figure 6-35 – An Assembly of LEDs 6-58 Figure 7-1 – Luminaire Style: Integrated with Architecture 7-3 Figure 7-2 – Luminaire Style: Unobtrusive 7-3 Figure 7-3 – Luminaire Style: Visible but Inconspicuous 7-4 Figure 7-4 – Luminaire Style: Responsive to the Space's Style 7-4 Figure 7-5 – Reflector Materials 7-6 Figure 7-6 – Shielding/Diffusion Components 7-7 Figure 7-7 – Shielding Materials 7-8 Figure 7-8 – Luminaire Intensity Distribution Curve 7-11 Figure 7-9 – Candlepower Distribution Curve 7-12 Figure 7-10 – Typical Photometric Chart 7-13 Figure 7-11 – The Building as Daylighting Luminaire 7-18 Figure 7-12 – Skylight System with Clear Dome, Reflective Shaft and Bottom Diffuser 7-21 Figure 7-13 – Reflective Lightshelves 7-22 Figure 7-14 – Prismatic Louvers 7-22 Figure 7-15 – Window Glare 7-23 Figure 7-16 – Surface Numbers for Glazing System 7-26 Figure 7-17 – Toplighting in Elementary School Classroom 7-29 Figure 7-18 – Light Well Shapes and Daylight Distribution 7-30 Figure 7-19 – Light Distributions: Clerestory, Monitor and Sawtooth 7-31 Figure 7-20 – Sidelit Building with Sloped Ceiling at Perimeter 7-32 Figure 7-21 – Emerald People’s Utility District Building 7-33 viii Figure 7-22 − Sidelighting Example, Sacramento Municipal Utility District Building 7-34 Figure 7-23 – Light Level Contours for Punched Windows and Continuous Strip Window 7-35 Figure 7-24 – Lightshelf as Indirect Daylight Luminaire 7-36 Figure 7-25 – Cutoff Angles for Lightshelf and Louver System 7-37 Figure 7-26 – Louvers on Clerestory Window 7-38 Figure 7-27 – Lensed Fluorescent Troffer 7-46 Figure 7-28 – Typical Photometric Distribution for Lensed Fluorescent Troffer 7-46 Figure 7-29 – Parabolic Louver Fluorescent Troffer, 1x4 Baffle 7-47 Figure 7-30 – Parabolic Louver Fluorescent Troffer, 2x4 Louver 7-47 Figure 7-31 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Parabolic Louver Fluorescent Troffer 7-47 Figure 7-32 – Louver Shielding Angle 7-48 Figure 7-33– Parabolic Louver Fluorescent Troffer for Critical VDT Applications 7-49 Figure 7-34 – Typ Photometric Dist., Parabolic Louver Fluor Troffer, Critical VDT Application 7-49 Figure 7-35 – Recessed "Indirect" Luminaire 7-50 Figure 7-36 – Typical Photometric Distribution for Recessed "Indirect" Luminaire 7-50 Figure 7-37 – Open HID High-bay (Metal Reflector) Luminaire 7-51 Figure 7-38 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Open HID High-bay (Metal Reflector) Luminaire 7-51 Figure 7-39 – Recessed Round Downlight 7-52 Figure 7-40 – Recessed Square Downlight 7-52 Figure 7-41 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Recessed Round or Square Downlight 7-52 Figure 7-42 – Recessed Linear Wall-washer 7-54 Figure 7-43 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Recessed Linear Wall-washer 7-54 Figure 7-44 – Chalkboard or Whiteboard Luminaire 7-55 Figure 7-45 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Chalkboard/Whiteboard Luminaire 7-55 Figure 7-46 – Recessed Round Wall-washers 7-55 Figure 7-47 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Recessed Round Wall-washers 7-55 Figure 7-48 – Recessed Wall Slots 7-56 Figure 7-49 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Recessed Wall Slots 7-56 Figure 7-50 – Recessed Accent Light (MR-16) 7-57 Figure 7-51 – Recessed Accent Light (MH PAR) 7-57 Figure 7-52 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Recessed Accent Lights 7-57 Figure 7-53 – Track Lighting (Incandescent) 7-58 Figure 7-54 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Incandescent Track Lighting 7-58 Figure 7-55 – Track Lighting (Fluorescent) 7-58 Figure 7-56 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Fluorescent Track Lighting 7-58 Figure 7-57 – Track Lighting (Metal Halide) 7-58 Figure 7-58 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Metal Halide Track Lighting 7-58 Figure 7-59 – Typical Compact Fluorescent Task Light 7-60 Figure 7-60 – Task Lighting, Fixed and Furniture Integrated 7-60 Figure 7-61 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Task Lighting, Fixed and Furniture Integrated 7-60 Figure 7-62 – Portable Task Lighting 7-61 Figure 7-63 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Portable Task Lighting 7-61 Figure 7-64 – Decorative Pendant Downward Light 7-62 Figure 7-65 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Decorative Pendant Downward Light 7-62 Figure 7-66 – Suspended Linear Fluorescent Luminaire 7-63 Figure 7-67 – Typ Photometric Dist., Suspended Linear Fluorescent Luminaire (wide up) 7-63 Figure 7-68 – Typ Photometric Dist., Suspended Linear Fluorescent Luminaire (cosine up) 7-63 Figure 7-69 – Decorative Indirect Pendants 7-65 Figure 7-70 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Decorative Indirect Pendants 7-65 Figure 7-71 – Wall-mounted Uplighting 7-65 Figure 7-72 – Cove-mounted Uplighting 7-65 Figure 7-73 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Wall-mounted and Cove Uplighting 7-65 Figure 7-74 – Portable Torchiere Uplight 7-67 Figure 7-75 – Typical Photometric Distribution, Portable Torchiere Uplight 7-67 Figure 7-76 – Open HID High-bay Luminaire, Glass or Plastic Reflector 7-68 Figure 7-77 – Typ Photometric Dist., Open HID High-bay Luminaire, Glass or Plastic Reflector 7-68 ix ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES 2003 EDITION LIGHTING CONTROLS even if there were insufficient daylight as detected by the photosensor Most multifunction controllers are designed so that the input that results in an action requiring the least amount of lighting energy wins Multifunction controllers, however, are more expensive than using multifunction controls with discrete components 8-60 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES APPENDIX 9.1 References 2003 EDITION APPENDIX American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 1997 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Ander, Gregg 1997 Daylighting Performance & Design John Wiley & Sons, Inc Atkinson, B et al 1995 Energy efficient lighting technologies and their applications in the commercial and residential sectors CRC Handbook of Energy Efficiency Boca Raton, FL Baldwin, W.S., and C Barrett 1998 Melatonin: Receptor-mediated events that may affect breast and other steroid hormone-dependent cancers Molecular Carcinogenesis 21(March):149 Benton, C 1989 The Lockheed Building 157 monitoring project phase 2: The lighting control system Pacific Gas & Electric R&D report no 008.1-89.7 Berman, S.M 1992 Energy efficiency consequences of scotopic sensitivity Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 21(1):3-14 Bernstein, M., et al 2000 The 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Company 1999 Daylighting initiative case study Available at http://www.pge.com/pec/daylight Phelps, D.L, and J.L Watts 1997 Early light reduction for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants Cochrane Library Issue (updated in Cochrane Library Issue 4) Pigg, S., M Eilers, et al 1994 Behavioral aspects of lighting and occupancy sensors in private offices: A case study of a university office building ACEEE 1994 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings 8:161-170 Portland Energy Conservation, I 1992 Building Commissioning Guidelines, Second Edition Bonneville Power Administration 9-3 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES 2003 EDITION APPENDIX Quinn, G., C Shin, M Maguire, and R Stone 1999 Myopia and ambient lighting at night Nature 399(May 12):113 Raloff, J 1998a Nighttime illumination might elevate cancer risk Science News 154 (17 October):248– 250 ——— 1998b EMF's biological influences Science News (10 January) Raviola and Wiesel 1985 An animal model of myopia New England Journal of Medicine 312(25):160915 Rea, M 1999 From an unpublished paper on outdoor lighting 1999 Annual IESNA Conference RLW Analytics, Inc 1999 Non-Residential New Construction Baselines Study For the California Board for Energy Efficiency of the CPUC 42(July):132, 126-28 Romm, J 1999 Cool Companies Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 223 Rundquist, R.A., K Johnson, and D Aumann 1993 Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions ASHRAE Journal 35(11):28 Rundquist, R.A., T.G McDougall, and J Benya 1996 Lighting Controls: Patterns for Design Prepared by R.A Rundquist Associates for the Electric Power Research Institute and the Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation Young, M 2000 The tick-tock of the biological clock Scientific American 283(3):64 Southern California Edison 1999 Energy Design Resources case studies: REMO and Timberland Available from http://www.energydesignresources.com Stone, R.A et al 1997 Myopia Updates: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Myopia Tokyo U.K Department of the Environment 1998 Desktop Guide to Daylighting for Architects Good Practice Guide 245 Harwell, Oxfordshire: ETSU (March) U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1997 Mercury study report to Congress Washington, D.C.: U.S EPA See http://www.epa.gov Utility Industry Business News 1998 Panel links cancer, electric fields (June 25) Press release, quoting report for a National Institutes of Health panel Van Bogaert, G 1996 Local control system for ergonomic energy-saving lighting Special IAEEL Edition Van den Beld, G.J., S.H.A Begemann, and A.D Tenner 1997 Comparison of preferred lighting levels for two different lighting systems in north-oriented offices Light & Engineering 5(3):48-52 Veitch, J 2000 Lighting guidelines from lighting quality research CIBSE/ILE Lighting 2000 Conference York, U.K (July 9-11) Veitch, J and G Newsham 2000 Exercised control, lighting choices, and energy use: An office simulation experiment Journal of Environmental Psychology 20(3): 219-237 Veitch, J., and G Newsham 1996 Experts' quantitative and qualitative assessments of lighting quality Proceedings of the 1996 Annual IESNA Conference Cleveland, OH (August) Available at: http://fox.nrc.ca/irc/fulltext/nrcc39874.html Veitch, J and G Newsham 1998 Lighting quality and energy-efficiency effects on task performance, mood, health, satisfaction, and comfort Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 27(1):107 ———— 1999 Preferred luminous conditions in open-plan offices: implications for lighting quality recommendations CIE Proceedings, Poland (June) CIE Pub no.133, vol 1, part 2: 4-6 Wallman 1993 Journal of Progressive Retinal Res 12:133-153 Whitmore, D., N Foulkes, and P Sasone-Corsi 2000 Nature 404:87-91 9-4 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES 2003 EDITION APPENDIX Xenergy Inc 1999 Compilation and analysis of currently available baseline data on California energy efficiency markets For the California Board for Energy Efficiency of the CPUC (April):B-19 Zadnik et al., and Gwiazda et al 2000 Nature 404(March):143-144 9-5 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES 9.2 2003 EDITION APPENDIX Acronyms Here is a list of acronyms for organizations, government agencies and legislation used in the Advanced Lighting Guidelines Acronym Organization ADA Americans with Disabilities Act ANSI American National Standards Institute ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers CEC California Energy Commission CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act CIE International Commission on Illumination DOE United States Department of Energy EIA Energy Information Administration EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency EPAct Energy Policy Act of 1992 EPRI Electric Power Research Institute FDA United States Food and Drug Administration FEMP Federal Energy Management Program IAI International Alliance for Interoperability IALD International Association of Lighting Designers IDA International Dark-Sky Association IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America IFC Industry Foundation Classes LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design NCQLP National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions NEC National Electrical Code NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association NFPA National Fire Protection Association NFRC National Fenestration Rating Council NLPIP National Lighting Product Information Program NOM Normas Officiales Mexicanas (Mexican product certification standards) NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory PSIC Passive Solar Industries Council UBC Universal Building Code UL Underwriters Laboratories 9-6 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES 10 2003 UPDATE 10 INDEX electronic, 2-19, 5-2, 5-22, 5-41, 5-44, 549, 5-51, 6-29, 6-30, 6-31, 6-33, 6-34, 7-53, 7-72 INDEX high-intensity discharge (HID), 3-16 A losses, 6-10, 6-30 - 6-31, 6-38, 6-54 Adaptive compensation, 2-3, 5-21, 5-47, 548, 5-56, 5-60, 5-62, 5-66, 8-3, 8-4, 8-12, 8-57 magnetic, 2-17 - 2-19, 3-26, 4-19, 5-41, 6-29 - 6-31, 6-35, 7-9, 7-103 metal halide, 6-53 aging eye, 2-6, 3-18, 4-2 multilevel, 8-10 A-line lamp, 6-18 Amalgam lamp, 6-25, 6-39, 6-40, 6-41, 7-53 Ambient light, 2-9, 2-10, 4-2 - 4-4, 4-6 - 410, 4-14, 4-16, 4-20, 4-23, 4-28, 5-6, 5-9, 5-16, 5-19, 5-26, 5-29, 5-39, 542, 5-46, 5-65, 5-67, 5-72, 7-19, 738, 7-46, 7-47, 7-52, 7-55, 7-59, 760, 7-63, 7-66, 7-67, 7-70, 7-76, 797, 8-5, 8-36, 8-37, 8-42, 8-46, 8-47, 9-4 Ambient temperature, 6-9, 6-25, 6-40, 6-43, 7-53, 7-73, 7-97, 7-103, 7-105, 7106, 9-1 American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 3-23, 3-34 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 2-6, 3-33, 7-66 programmed-start, 6-33 Brain vision and the, 2-10 Brightness, 2-3, 2-5, 3-18 - 3-19, 4-4 - 4-5, 4-9, 4-19, 4-24, 4-30, 5-16, 5-21, 541, 5-46, 5-48, 5-75, 5-79, 5-82, 626, 6-32, 6-58, 7-5 - 7-7, 7-30, 7-48 - 7-53, 7-56, 7-60, 7-64, 7-69 - 7-70, 7-75 - 7-76, 7-81, 7-83 - 7-84, 7-86, 7-90 - 7-91, 8-38, 8-40 Burning position, 6-10, 6-23, 6-41, 6-47 C CAD programs, 4-25, 4-28 Calculations Appearance of space and luminaires, 7-9 exterior lighting, 4-25, 4-27 Application correction factor, 7-15, 7-16 hand, 4-24 lighting, 4-5, 4-23, 4-27 - 4-30, 7-9, 7-10 B BACnet, 8-55, 8-56 California Energy Commission, 1-1, 3-4, 322, 4-36, 9-1 - 9-2, 9-6 Baffles, 5-4, 5-33, 5-37, 5-51, 5-58, 5-61, 590, 7-1, 7-6 - 7-8, 7-15, 7-19, 7-23, 7-29, 7-30, 7-31, 7-50, 7-52, 7-54, 7-58, 7-59, 7-69, 7-74 Candlepower data, 4-27 Ballast factor, 4-10, 4-24, 4-27, 5-2, 5-9, 524, 5-35, 5-44, 5-51, 5-71, 5-76, 585, 6-31, 6-35, 6-37, 7-1, 7-10, 7-15, 7-16, 7-101, 7-103 Chalkboard lighting, 7-55 Ballasts, 6-1 – 6-60 Circadian rhythm, 2-11 - 2-13 dimming, 4-12, 5-3, 5-5, 5-18, 5-21, 525, 5-29, 5-32, 5-48, 5-51, 5-56, 6-26, 6-32, 6-39, 7-48, 7-61, 764, 7-66, 7-69, 7-70, 7-73, 7-74, 7-75, 7-90, 8-6, 8-9, 8-10, 8-36, 8-39, 8-48, 8-50 Capsule lamp, 6-17, 6-23 CERCLA, 3-16 - 3-17, 9-6 Chromaticity, 2-4, 4-16, 6-6 - 6-8, 6-15, 622, 6-25, 6-46, 6-48, 6-51, 6-55, 657, 6-59 Clerestory, 5-47, 7-18, 7-22, 7-31, 7-33, 738, 8-37 Codes construction, 1-2, 3-23 10-1 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES energy, 3-23, 3-25 - 3-26, 3-29 - 3-30, 332, 4-12, 5-1, 5-3, 5-6, 5-21, 542, 5-50, 5-61, 5-65, 5-70, 5-72, 8-39 Coefficient of utilization (CU), 4-24 Color appearance, 2-4, 4-6, 4-16 - 4-17, 6-6, 6-9, 6-22, 6-46, 7-8, 7-98 Color rendition, 2-14, 4-16, 6-52 2003 UPDATE life-cycle, 4-34 - 4-35, 4-38 - 4-39, 4-42, 7-16 D Daylight aperture, 4-9, 4-31, 7-19, 7-24, 7-28, 733, 7-34, 7-36, 8-34, 8-36, 8-43 Color shift, 6-4, 6-48, 6-57, 6-59, 8-9 as light source, 1-2, 4-10, 4-22, 5-2, 6-1, 6-15, 8-34 Color temperature, 2-4, 2-9 - 2-10, 2-15, 4-3 - 4-4, 4-16 - 4-17, 5-21, 6-6, 6-22, 629, 6-52, 7-27, 8-57, 9-3 availability, 1-2, 8-9, 8-34, 8-38 - 8-39, 8-43, 8-47 Comfort, 2-19, 4-7, 4-16, 4-18 - 4-20, 4-22, 4-24 - 4-25, 4-30, 5-4, 5-17, 5-19, 521, 5-35, 5-41, 5-74, 7-8, 7-19, 7-23, 7-60, 7-81, 7-84 - 7-85, 7-106, 8-1 8-2, 9-4 design analysis tools, 7-17 Commissioning, 1-3, 4-12, 4-36, 8-2, 8-4, 89, 8-12 - 8-14, 8-26 - 8-27, 8-39, 840, 8-44 - 8-45, 8-51, 8-55, 8-59, 93 Compact fluorescent lamp, 1-2, 2-17, 3-16, 4-8, 5-2, 5-15, 5-37, 5-43, 6-1, 6-7, 6-25 - 6-27, 6-31, 6-35, 6-37 - 6-39, 6-41, 7-1, 7-7, 7-50, 7-53 - 7-54, 759 - 7-61, 7-65 - 7-67, 7-69 - 7-71, 7-73 - 7-74, 7-85 - 7-86, 7-101, 9-2 Contrast, 2-5 -2-6, 2-9 - 2-10, 2-15, 3-14, 325, 3-32, 4-8, 4-13, 4-19, 4-22 - 423, 4-29 - 4-30, 5-4, 5-7, 5-58, 5-71, 5-82, 7-8, 7-19, 7-23, 7-29 - 7-30, 735 Controller, 6-35, 8-9, 8-13 - 8-14, 8-19 - 820, 8-23, 8-38, 8-41 - 8-42, 8-44, 849, 8-57, 8-59 Controls, 8-1 – 8-60 algorithms, 8-42 building-level, 1-3, 8-1, 8-51 - 8-52 integrated, 8-4, 8-13, 8-58 - 8-59 zones, 7-19, 7-35, 8-38 - 8-40, 8-43 Cost 10 INDEX control, 4-11, 4-32, 5-32, 8-34, 8-39 - 840, 8-43, 8-50, 8-58 distribution, 2-14, 4-32, 5-7, 5-16, 7-17, 7-19 - 7-20, 7-29 - 7-30, 8-36 8-37 integration, 4-12 systems, 1-3, 4-10 - 4-11, 4-22, 7-17, 719 - 7-20, 7-100, 8-34 DEHP, 3-16 Demand charge, 3-8, 3-12, 4-37 - 4-38, 8-2, 8-4, 8-11, 8-34, 8-56 Demand limiting, 5-60 Dichroic coating, 6-19 - 6-20 Diffuse lighting, 7-39, 7-43 Diffuser, 4-11, 6-28, 7-7, 7-21, 7-30, 7-62 Dimming, 1-3, 2-20, 4-2 - 4-3, 4-10, 4-12, 414, 4-17, 4-20, 5-3, 5-5, 5-7, 5-9, 517, 5-20, 5-25, 5-29, 5-32, 5-34, 540, 5-43, 5-47, 5-51, 5-56, 5-60, 565, 5-69, 5-72, 5-77, 5-82, 6-11, 622, 6-26 - 6-27, 6-29, 6-32, 6-35, 638 - 6-39, 6-54, 7-48, 7-52 - 7-53, 757, 7-59 - 7-62, 7-64, 7-66 - 7-67, 769 - 7-70, 7-73 - 7-75, 7-77, 7-90, 83 - 8-4, 8-6, 8-9 - 8-12, 8-14 - 8-15, 8-17 - 8-18, 8-24 - 8-26, 8-34 - 8-36, 8-39 - 8-42, 8-44 - 8-45, 8-47 - 8-48, 8-50 - 8-52, 8-57 - 8-59, 9-3 energy, 3-7, 4-35 - 4-38, 4-41, 5-3, 5-29, 5-32, 5-45, 7-24, 7-80, 8-1, 8-6 8-7, 8-12, 8-47, 8-51 Direct (“downward”) lighting, 7-38 first, 4-34 - 4-35, 5-34, 7-16, 8-2 Display lighting, 3-33, 4-6, 4-17, 4-27, 5-43, 5-69, 5-72, 6-16, 6-54, 7-38 Direct-indirect (“upward-downward”) lighting, 7-39 10-2 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES Disposal, 1-2, 3-12, 3-16 - 3-17, 3-23 - 3-24, 4-35, 4-39, 6-25, 6-52, 7-16 - 7-17 E Electric Power Research Institute, 1-1, 3-19 Electricity generation, 1-2, 3-12 - 3-13 Electrodeless lamp, 6-41 - 6-42 Electromagnetic field (EMF), 2-16 Embodied energy, 3-15 - 3-16 Emergency alerts, 3-12, 8-12 Emergency lighting, 3-33, 5-85, 6-55, 7-96, 8-31 Energy efficiency, 1-2, 3-2 - 3-3, 3-7, 3-12, 3-19, 3-23 - 3-26, 3-30, 3-33 - 3-34, 4-1, 4-14, 4-33, 4-36, 4-38, 5-1, 5-3, 5-6, 5-33, 5-41, 5-50, 6-2, 6-18, 629, 6-31, 6-35, 6-38, 7-5, 7-19, 7-28, 7-59, 7-63, 7-74, 7-106, 8-9, 8-39, 9-1 - 9-2, 9-5 2003 UPDATE Fins, 7-7, 7-23, 7-33 Flexibility, 3-30, 4-6 - 4-7, 4-14 - 4-15, 4-33, 5-1, 5-17, 5-34, 5-40, 5-65, 5-73, 575, 5-79, 6-32 - 6-33, 7-9, 7-53, 758, 7-61, 7-64, 8-1, 8-24, 8-35, 8-39 Flicker, 1-2, 2-6, 2-15, 4-11, 4-18 - 4-19, 631, 6-33 - 6-34, 7-9, 7-51, 7-53, 759, 7-61, 7-64, 7-72, 7-74, 7-98, 814 Fluorescent lamp, 1-2, 2-14 - 2-17, 3-16 - 317, 3-23, 3-26, 4-3 - 4-4, 4-8, 4-16, 4-19, 5-15, 5-52, 6-1, 6-4 - 6-5, 6-7, 6-9 - 6-11, 6-24 - 6-29, 6-31, 6-33 6-35, 6-37 - 6-39, 6-41, 6-48, 6-56, 6-60, 7-1, 7-7, 7-47, 7-50, 7-53 - 754, 7-56, 7-59 - 7-63, 7-65 - 7-67, 769 - 7-71, 7-73, 7-74, 7-76, 7-84 - 786, 7-91, 7-92, 7-101, 7-103, 7-105, 8-6, 8-15, 8-51, 9-1 - 9-3 life, 6-25, 8-6 Foveal vision, 2-9 Energy management system (EMS), 4-13, 8-49, 8-51 Fresnel lens, 7-20 - 7-21, 8-43 Energy savings, 1-3, 2-18, 3-2, 3-7, 3-26, 330 - 3-31, 4-2, 4-7, 4-12, 4-33, 4-35 - 4-36, 4-38, 4-40 - 4-41, 5-3, 5-7, 519, 5-25, 5-32, 5-40, 5-50, 5-56, 561, 5-70, 5-73, 5-77, 5-80, 6-1, 6-21, 7-23, 7-28, 7-61, 7-73, 7-106, 8-1, 8-5 - 8-7, 8-10 - 8-11, 8-13, 8-16, 827, 8-29 - 8-31, 8-32 - 8-36, 8-46 8-49, 8-57 - 8-58 Full-spectrum light, 2-14 - 2-15, 4-11 Energy Star, 3-19, 3-23, 3-25, 4-36, 4-40, 796 Environmental impacts of lighting, 3-12, 4-40 Equivalent sphere illumination (ESI), 4-24 Exit sign, 3-24, 6-59, 7-96, 7-97, 9-1 Exitance, 4-25, 4-30 F Frits, 7-27 - 7-28 G Gas station lighting, 3-21 Glare, 1-2, 2-3, 2-6, 2-11, 2-20, 3-18, 3-22, 3-25, 4-2, 4-6 - 4-9, 4-11, 4-18 - 421, 4-24 - 4-25, 4-29 - 4-30, 4-32, 434 - 5-4, 5-7, 5-9, 5-11, 5-21, 5-34, 5-37, 5-39, 5-41, 5-44, 5-48, 5-51, 5-58, 5-65, 5-73, 5-75, 5-77, 5-79, 5-84, 5-87, 6-8, 6-28, 6-46, 7-1, 7-5 - 7-8, 7-10, 7-12, 7-19, 7-20, 7-22 7-24, 7-26 - 7-29, 7-30, 7-32 - 7-36, 7-38 - 7-40, 7-43 - 7-44, 7-46, 7-51 7-52, 7-54, 7-56, 7-58 - 7-62, 7-66 7-69, 7-71 - 7-72, 7-74 - 7-81, 7-83 7-86, 7-90 - 7-91, 7-100, 8-2, 8-48, 8-50 Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), 3-24, 4-35 direct, 4-6, 4-19, 5-16, 5-44, 7-8, 7-50, 7-98 Fenestration, 4-10, 4-25, 4-32, 5-4, 5-29, 547, 5-55, 7-24 - 7-25, 9-6 disabling, 3-18, 7-23 Fiber optic lighting, 7-90, 7-93 - 7-94 Financing, 4-34 - 4-37 10 INDEX reflected, 4-8, 4-20, 5-16, 5-84, 7-1, 747, 7-60, 7-63, 7-67, 7-70 GreenLights, 3-25 10-3 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES 2003 UPDATE 10 INDEX Industrial lighting, 6-27, 6-43 - 6-44 H Halogen lamp, 2-16, 5-65, 6-3, 6-10, 6-17 6-18, 6-20 - 6-23, 6-45, 7-52, 7-57, 7-59, 7-61 - 7-62, 7-67, 7-94 - 7-95, 7-97 halogen cycle, 6-17, 6-21 - 6-22 Hawthorne Effect, 2-18, 4-33 Heliodon, 4-32 High-intensity discharge (HID) lamp, 6-1, 643, 8-9 High-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp, 6-44 Hoteling, 4-14, 8-1 Housings, 6-35, 7-5, 7-8, 7-23, 7-64, 7-81, 7-85 - 7-86, 7-88, 7-90, 7-92, 7-99, 7-105 HVAC systems, 1-2, 3-6, 4-28, 7-103, 7-105, 8-49 I IESNA, 1-2, 2-1 - 2-2, 2-6 - 2-7, 2-11, 2-13, 2-15, 2-17, 3-1, 3-18 - 3-19, 3-23, 325 - 3-30, 3-32, 3-34 - 3-36, 4-1 - 43, 4-5, 4-6, 4-9 - 4-10, 4-13 - 4-19, 4-21 - 4-22, 4-25, 4-27, 4-31, 4-35, 5-1, 5-6, 5-22, 5-84 - 5-85, 6-40, 76, 7-8, 7-10, 7-13, 7-15, 7-50, 7-64, 7-81, 7-84 - 7-86, 7-92 - 7-93, 7-98, 7-100 - 7-101, 7-107 - 7-108, 8-39, 9-1 - 9-4, 9-6 design procedure, 1-2, 4-1, 4-15 -4-17 Illuminance, 2-3, 2-16, 3-19, 3-22, 3-34 - 335, 4-1, 4-8, 4-10, 4-17, 4-21, 4-24 4-25, 4-27 - 4-30, 5-4, 5-24, 5-74 5-75, 5-79, 6-12 - 6-13, 6-15, 6-24, 6-32, 7-1, 7-8, 7-13, 7-15, 7-54, 769, 7-75, 7-80, 7-83, 7-97, 7-100, 824, 8-42, 8-44 - 8-45, 8-47, 9-1 Illumination level, 1-2, 2-3, 2-6 - 2-9, 2-13, 218 - 2-20, 3-18, 3-22, 3-34, 4-2, 4-7, 4-10, 4-11, 4-16, 4-18, 4-20, 4-23, 6-8, 6-12 - 6-13, 6-24, 8-24, 8-36 8-37, 8-43, 8-46 - 8-47, 8-49 Incandescent lamp, 1-2, 3-15, 4-16 - 4-17, 5-29, 5-81 - 5-82, 6-1, 6-4, 6-6 - 6-7, 6-9, 6-16 - 6-17, 6-19, 6-22 - 6-24, 6-26, 6-37 - 6-39, 6-59, 7-62, 7-70 7-71, 7-77, 7-99, 8-9 Input voltage, 6-11, 6-30, 6-53 - 6-54 International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD), 3-34, 7-108 International Commission on Illumination (CIE), 3-18 J Jet lag, 2-12 L Lamp failure, 6-3, 6-5, 6-21, 6-25, 6-31, 633, 7-53, 7-59, 8-8 Lamp life, 3-17, 5-51, 5-65, 6-4, 6-10 - 6-11, 6-19, 6-21 - 6-22, 6-25 - 6-26, 6-29 6-30, 6-32 - 6-33, 6-41 - 6-43, 6-46, 6-50, 6-52 - 6-53, 7-15 - 7-16, 7-52, 7-59, 7-62, 7-71, 7-73, 7-77, 7-96, 8-6 - 8-9, 8-27, 9-3 Lamp lumen depreciation (LLD), 5-85, 6-5, 7-15 Lamp mortality curve, 6-3 - 6-4 Lamp-ballast system, 6-29, 6-31 - 6-32, 635, 7-101, 7-105 - 7-106, 8-7, 9-3 Lamp-ballast system efficacy, 6-29, 6-31 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 3-2, 4-31, 7-105, 9-2, 9-6 Lead, 2-10, 3-16 - 3-17, 3-26, 3-32, 4-1, 561, 6-14, 6-32 - 6-33, 7-96, 8-42, 846 LEED Green Building Rating System, 3-23, 3-25, 4-40, 9-6 Light distribution, 1-3, 2-18, 3-21, 4-9, 5-1, 5-17, 5-37, 5-51, 5-74, 5-82, 7-1 - 72, 7-5 - 7-10, 7-12 - 7-13, 7-31, 736, 7-39, 7-47, 7-51, 7-52 - 7-53, 766, 7-70, 7-72, 7-74, 7-78, 7-80, 781, 7-83, 7-95, 7-98 - 7-99 on surfaces, 7-8 Light loss factor (LLF), 7-10 Light pipe, 7-21, 7-93 - 7-95 Light pollution, 1-2, 2-13, 3-19, 3-20 - 3-22, 4-6, 4-13, 5-84, 5-87, 7-1, 7-9 - 710, 7-78 - 7-79, 7-81 - 7-82, 7-84, 788, 7-90 - 7-92, 7-100 10-4 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES Light sources, 1-2, 2-4, 2-9, 2-14 - 2-15, 318 - 3-19, 3-24, 4-3 - 4-5, 4-7, 4-13 4-14, 4-16, 4-20, 4-22, 5-1, 5-61, 572, 5-85, 5-87, 6-1 - 6-2, 6-6 - 6-7, 6-9, 6-14, 6-16 - 6-17, 6-22, 6-43, 648, 6-52, 6-58 - 6-59, 7-5, 7-7, 7-19, 7-59, 7-81 - 7-83, 7-90, 7-93, 7-95 7-96, 8-2, 8-41, 9-3 Light trespass, 1-2, 2-13, 3-17 - 3-19, 3-22, 4-6, 4-13 - 4-14, 4-27, 5-84 - 5-87, 6-46, 7-9, 7-39, 7-78 - 7-86, 7-91 7-93, 7-100, 9-3 Light-emitting diode (LED), 6-7, 7-96 Lighting design criteria, 1-2, 4-6, 6-8 Lighting energy use, 1-2, 3-1 - 3-4, 3-6 - 3-8, 3-11 - 3-12, 3-32, 5-3, 7-100 by building type, 1-2, 3-2 Lighting Handbook, 1-2, 2-1 - 2-2, 2-7, 2-15, 2-17, 3-34 - 3-35, 4-5 - 4-6, 4-19, 421, 4-31, 4-35, 5-84, 6-40, 7-6, 7-8, 7-13, 7-15, 7-93, 7-98, 9-2 Lighting power density (LPD), 2-19, 3-3, 3-6, 3-22, 3-27, 3-32, 4-25, 5-11, 5-13, 5-15, 5-22, 5-26, 5-30, 5-61, 5-82 5-83, 8-50 Lighting Professions (NCQLP), 3-34, 4-37 Lighting quality, 1-3, 2-2, 2-17 - 2-19, 3-2, 322, 3-34, 4-1, 4-5 - 4-6, 4-11, 4-18, 4-24, 4-30, 4-36, 4-40 - 4-42, 5-33, 7-1, 7-98, 8-1, 8-35, 8-57, 9-2, 9-4 Lighting quantity, 4-5, 4-30 Lighting standards, 4-5 Lighting Vision, 3-24 Lightshelf, 7-22, 7-34 - 7-38, 8-40, 8-43 Listing requirements, 3-34 2003 UPDATE Lumen maintenance, 3-17, 3-30, 4-33, 5-2, 5-51, 5-85, 6-5, 6-10 - 6-11, 6-19 6-20, 6-22, 6-25, 6-50, 6-52, 6-58 6-59, 7-51, 7-68, 7-72, 8-3 Lumen method, 4-10, 4-24, 4-28 - 4-31 Luminaire dirt depreciation (LDD), 7-15 Luminaire efficiency, 1-3, 4-15, 5-28, 5-51, 7-7, 7-9 - 7-10, 7-52, 7-56 - 7-57, 763, 7-71, 7-82, 7-85, 7-96, 7-101 Luminaire intensity distribution curve, 7-10 Luminaires cutoff, 3-19, 3-21, 4-13, 7-80 - 7-83, 7100 decorative, 4-15, 5-62, 7-81, 7-83 - 7-84 direct, 4-9, 7-15 direct-indirect, 2-18, 5-80, 7-15, 7-67, 769 - 7-70, 7-84, 8-38, 8-48 indirect, 4-7, 4-20, 5-16, 5-28, 5-30, 533, 5-36, 5-38, 5-73 - 5-74, 578, 5-80, 7-15, 7-63 - 7-65, 837, 8-40 landscape, 7-78 non-cutoff, 7-80, 7-86, 7-100 open, 6-46, 6-49 - 6-50 open fluorescent, 7-71 open HID, 7-51 outdoor, 2-9, 3-19, 4-13, 7-15, 7-77 parking lot, 7-15, 7-77, 7-82 parking structure, 7-77 pendant, 4-36, 5-42, 5-52, 5-67, 5-69, 570 Load profile, 4-38, 8-4 recessed, 4-7, 4-15, 5-17, 5-87, 6-38, 715 Load shedding, 3-12, 5-21, 8-13, 8-51, 8-56 recreational sports, 7-78 LonMark, 8-55 - 8-56 roadway, 7-77 - 7-78, 7-80 - 7-82, 7-92 Louvers, 4-9, 4-30, 5-4, 5-19, 5-22, 5-33, 548, 5-55, 5-85, 7-1, 7-6 - 7-8, 7-15, 7-21, 7-22 - 7-23, 7-29 - 7-30, 7-33, 7-35, 7-37 - 7-38, 7-47 - 7-49, 7-52, 7-56, 7-58 - 7-59, 7-69, 7-74, 7-88, 7-91, 8-50 signage, 7-78, 7-91 Low-emissivity coating, 7-24 10 INDEX surface-mounted, 7-38, 7-46, 7-58 system performance, 7-16, 7-101 valance, 7-76 Luminance, 2-3, 4-5 - 4-6, 4-8, 4-9, 4-17 - 420, 4-25, 4-27, 4-29 - 4-30, 5-4, 516, 5-20 - 5-21, 5-26, 5-39, 5-44, 5- 10-5 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES 48, 5-58, 5-66, 5-69, 5-75, 5-77, 579, 6-12, 6-15, 6-28, 6-59, 7-29, 747, 7-64, 7-97, 7-99, 8-35, 8-45 M Maintenance, 1-3, 2-20, 3-17, 3-24, 3-27, 330, 4-24, 4-33, 4-35 - 4-36, 4-38 - 442, 5-2, 5-42, 5-44, 5-48, 5-51, 5-58, 5-85, 6-5 - 6-6, 6-10 - 6-11, 6-19 - 620, 6-22, 6-24 - 6-25, 6-35, 6-43, 649 - 6-50, 6-52, 6-58 - 6-59, 7-6, 716, 7-23, 7-28, 7-46, 7-48 - 7-49, 751 - 7-52, 7-54 - 7-57, 7-59 - 7-62, 7-64 - 7-77, 7-80 - 7-96, 7-98, 7107, 8-2 - 8-4, 8-6, 8-14 - 8-16, 841, 8-51 2003 UPDATE Occupancy sensor, 3-30, 4-13 - 4-14, 5-3, 57, 5-18, 5-21, 5-25, 5-29, 5-32, 5-34, 5-40, 5-44, 5-58, 5-65, 5-73, 6-11, 6-32, 6-33, 6-35, 7-60 - 7-61, 7-72, 8-1 - 8-6, 8-8 - 8-9, 8-11 - 8-15, 8-19 -8-33, 8-51 - 8-52, 8-58 - 8-59, 9-3 Office lighting, 2-20, 3-28, 4-10, 4-18, 7-50 Outdoor lighting, 2-6, 2-8 - 2-10, 3-17, 3-19 3-20, 3-22, 3-30, 3-36, 4-4 - 4-5, 413 - 4-14, 6-48, 6-52, 6-56, 7-9, 842, 9-2 - 9-4 Overrides, 8-14, 8-53 - 8-55 P Melanin, 2-12 Packaging, 3-15 - 3-16, 6-58, 7-16 - 7-17, 823 - 8-24 Melatonin, 2-12 - 2-13, 2-17, 9-1 PAR lamps, 6-18, 6-50, 7-53 Mercury, 3-12, 3-16 - 3-17, 4-4 - 4-5, 6-1, 625 - 6-26, 6-39 - 6-41, 6-43 - 6-44, 6-46, 6-52 - 6-53, 7-68, 7-80, 7-100, 9-4 Payback, 3-17, 4-34 - 4-35, 4-40, 6-21, 7-16, 8-39, 8-49 Mesopic vision, 2-8, 4-4 Peak electric load, 1-2, 5-73, 8-12 Metal halide (MH) lamp, 6-44 Peripheral vision, 2-6 - 2-7, 2-9, 4-5, 7-8, 781 - 7-83 ceramic arc tube, 7-66 double-ended, 6-49, 6-52 pulse-start, 6-47, 6-53 PCBs, 3-16 - 3-17 Personal lighting control, 8-15, 8-18, 8-36 Photocontrols, 3-7, 3-11, 3-16, 3-30, 4-12, 438, 4-41, 7-31, 8-36, 8-57 Modeling faces and objects, 4-6, 7-9 Photoluminescent material, 7-97 Modular wiring, 4-14, 4-15 Photometric data, 4-24 - 4-25, 4-27, 4-29, 432, 6-41, 7-9, 7-107 MR lamps, 6-17 - 6-21, 6-23, 6-51, 6-58 10 INDEX Photopic vision, 2-8, 4-4 N Photovoltaic cells, 7-27 National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), 8-18, 8-32 Points of interest, 4-6 Portable lighting, 4-15, 5-2, 5-6, 7-61 National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 3-19, 3-32, 626, 6-29, 6-34, 6-41, 7-2, 7-92, 7101, 7-107 - 7-108, 9-3, 9-6 Prismatic lens, 2-18, 5-13, 5-16, 5-33, 5-76, 7-7, 7-46, 7-52 - 7-53, 7-60, 7-72 7-73, 7-75, 7-98, 7-103 National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC), 7-24, 9-6 Productivity, 1-1, 2-1, 2-10, 2-17 - 2-21, 312, 4-5, 4-33 - 4-34, 4-39 - 4-40, 68, 7-1, 8-2, 8-35, 9-2 Night adaptation, 4-2 O Obtrusive light, 3-18 R Radio frequency, 2-17, 6-41 Radiosity, 4-25 - 4-26, 4-31 - 4-32, 5-1 10-6 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES Rare-earth phosphor, 2-14, 3-15, 6-25, 6-38 Recycling, 3-15 - 3-17, 7-17 Reflected highlights, 4-23 Reflective material, 7-82 Reflective surface, 2-4, 2-16, 4-14, 5-4, 516, 6-20, 7-20, 7-29 2003 UPDATE Sidelighting, 1-3, 3-14 - 3-15, 4-31, 5-75, 577, 5-80, 7-19 - 7-20, 7-31 - 7-34, 735, 7-38, 8-3, 8-12, 8-41, 8-43, 8-48 Skylights, 2-20 - 2-21, 3-11, 3-14, 4-8 - 4-11, 4-23, 4-25, 4-33, 5-4, 5-42, 5-44, 546, 5-49 - 5-50, 5-55, 5-58, 5-61, 79, 7-17, 7-19, 7-28 - 7-31, 7-72, 7100, 8-4, 8-37, 8-48 - 8-50 Reflector lamp, 6-2, 6-17 - 6-18, 6-22 - 6-23 Solar energy, 3-13 Refractive material, 7-22 Source/task/eye geometry, 4-8, 4-20, 7-8 Relative visual performance (RVP), 4-8, 424 Spacing criterion, 4-30, 7-9, 7-13 - 7-14, 751, 7-107 Residential lighting, 3-1, 4-6, 4-17, 6-43 Resource efficiency, 3-16 Restrike period, 6-45 Retrofits, 4-24, 4-40 - 4-41, 6-37, 7-98 - 7100, 8-13, 8-28 Sparkle, 2-15, 4-6, 4-19, 4-22 - 4-23, 5-72, 7-71, 7-75 Specular reflections, 4-8, 4-20, 4-26, 4-32, 5-44 Strobe, 2-15, 4-18 - 4-19, 6-55, 7-9, 7-72 Return on investment (ROI), 4-35 Substitutions, 4-34 Rods and cones, 2-2 - 2-3, 2-6 - 2-8, 2-10, 4-5, 9-1 Surface characteristics, 4-6, 4-22 Roof monitor, 4-9, 5-4, 7-30 Room surface dirt depreciation (RSDD), 716 Room surface reflectance, 4-25, 7-14 S 10 INDEX Switching, 1-3, 3-25, 3-30, 4-12, 5-3, 5-18, 5-21, 5-25 - 5-26, 5-32, 5-40, 5-65, 5-69, 5-72 - 5-74, 5-77, 5-80, 5-85, 6-11, 6-29, 6-32, 6-35, 6-39, 6-45, 6-54, 7-55, 7-67, 7-70, 7-75 - 7-76, 7-92, 8-3 - 8-10, 8-12, 8-14 - 8-19, 8-21, 8-25 - 8-26, 8-31 - 8-33, 8-35 8-36, 8-39 - 8-42, 8-46 - 8-51, 8-55, 9-1 Scale models, 4-31 - 4-32, 5-5, 7-17, 8-37, 8-47 bilevel, 3-30, 8-3, 8-15 - 8-16, 8-31 multilevel, 5-42, 5-44, 5-48, 5-51, 7-70, 8-4, 8-12, 8-35, 8-49 Scheduling strategies, 8-3 Scotopic vision, 2-8, 4-3 - 4-4 Screens, 2-11, 4-6, 4-18, 4-20 - 4-21, 4-29, 5-21, 5-26 - 7-28, 7-48 - 7-50, 7-63 7-64, 8-18 T T-12 lamp, 3-16, 3-26 - 6-28, 6-31, 7-9 Shading, 4-32, 5-4, 5-7, 5-16, 5-29, 5-34, 539, 5-73, 5-79, 5-81, 5-83, 7-17, 719 7-20, 7-23 - 7-24, 7-33 - 8-37, 8-39, 8-49 T-8 lamp, 2-14, 3-16, 3-24, 4-10, 4-16, 5-2, 5-24, 5-28, 5-30, 5-33, 5-44, 5-51 5-52, 5-73 - 5-74, 5-77, 6-27 - 6-29, 7-9, 7-46, 7-60, 7-63, 7-66, 7-71, 775, 7-84, 7-97, 8-48, 8-50 Shadows, 2-15, 4-22, 4-26, 5-51, 5-58, 7-9, 7-32, 7-47, 7-51 - 7-52, 7-56, 7-66, 7-67, 7-70, 7-72, 7-75 Tandem wiring, 6-35, 7-75, 7-103, 8-6, 8-15, 8-50 Shelf lighting, 7-38, 7-62, 7-96 Shielding/diffusion components, 7-5 - 7-6 Task and ambient lighting, 1-2, 4-6, 4-10, 420 Task lighting, 3-28, 4-6 - 4-8, 4-10, 5-2, 5-6, 5-8 - 5-9, 5-11, 5-22, 5-25 - 5-26, 529 - 5-30, 5-33, 5-38, 5-40, 5-46, 5- 10-7 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES 69, 6-1, 7-38, 7-40 - 7-45, 7-59, 760, 7-63, 8-25, 8-36, 8-39 2003 UPDATE W Telephone override system, 8-53 - 8-54 Wallbox sensor, 8-19, 8-24 - 8-25, 8-28 Time clock, 4-13, 7-88, 7-90, 7-92, 8-3 - 8-4, 8-48 Wave guide, 7-6 - 7-7, 7-69 Title 24, 3-23, 3-28, 3-30, 3-36, 5-6, 8-13, 826, 8-39, 8-52, 8-55 Toplighting, 1-3, 3-14, 4-31, 5-21, 5-47, 555, 5-58, 5-75, 7-19 - 7-20, 7-22, 728 - 7-29, 7-31, 7-100, 8-3, 8-12, 839 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), 3-17 Window, 2-4, 4-3, 4-8 - 4-9, 4-18 - 4-20, 422, 4-26, 4-32, 5-4, 5-7, 5-9, 5-11, 5-13, 5-16, 5-18, 5-20 - 5-22, 5-25, 5-29, 5-33, 5-39, 5-42, 5-50, 5-52, 5-59, 5-65, 5-67, 5-70, 5-72, 5-75, 5-77, 5-79, 6-16, 7-1, 7-17, 7-19 - 720, 7-23 - 7-28, 7-32 - 7-38, 7-96, 813 - 8-14, 8-34, 8-37, 8-39 - 8-40, 842 - 8-43, 8-48, 8-50 clerestory, 7-18, 7-31, 7-38 - 8-37 Tuning, 3-30, 4-10, 4-12, 5-60, 6-31 - 6-32, 7-34, 8-3, 8-5, 8-45, 8-58 - 8-59 U U.S Department of Energy (DOE), 1-1, 428, 4-33, 9-6 10 INDEX continuous strip, 7-35, 7-38 Z Zonal cavity calculation, 4-24 U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 3-12 - 3-13, 3-16, 3-23, 4-36, 4-40, 6-25, 7-81 - 7-82, 9-4, 9-6 U.S Green Building Council, 3-25, 4-40 U-factor, 7-23 - 7-27 Ultraviolet radiation, 2-12, 2-16 Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 3-23, 3-33 3-34, 6-19, 7-59, 7-99 - 7-100, 9-6 Uniform glare rating (UGR), 4-24 Uniformity, 2-18, 3-18, 4-7, 4-9 - 4-10, 4-13, 4-18, 4-29, 7-14, 7-28, 7-47, 7-64 7-66, 7-72, 7-99, 7-100 V Veiling reflection, 2-11, 4-6 - 4-8, 4-20 - 421, 7-60 - 7-61 Vertical illumination, 2-18, 4-18, 5-41, 5-44, 5-50, 5-67, 5-69, 5-72, 5-75 Visibility, 2-1 - 2-2, 2-5 - 2-6, 2-18, 3-17 - 318, 3-20, 3-35, 4-5, 4-8, 4-17, 4-21 4-22, 4-25, 4-30, 7-1, 7-8, 7-39, 760, 7-78, 7-96 Visual comfort probability (VCP), 4-24 Visual size, 2-5, 4-2 10-8 ... (“Downward”) Lighting: Luminaires for Ambient Lighting 7-46 7.5.2 Direct (“Downward”) Lighting: Wall-washers, Accent Lights, Display Lighting 7-54 7.5.3 Direct (“Downward”) Lighting: Track Lighting. .. (“Downward”) Lighting: Task Lighting 7-59 7.5.5 Direct Lighting: Decorative Pendant Downward Light 7-62 7.5.6 Direct (“Downward”) Lighting: Shelf Lighting 7-62 7.5.7 Indirect Lighting. .. Issues th Source: IESNA Lighting Handbook, Edition 2-1 ADVANCED LIGHTING GUIDELINES 2.1 2003 EDITION LIGHTING AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE Light and Vision The key issue for any lighting installation

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  • Avanced Lighting Guidelines _2003_001

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