Multiple fractures Horizontal Hole  S−mula−on  Source: Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) State of the Art Hydraulic Fracturing  Horizontal well fracturing  σH,min σH,max σH,max σH,min Lf σH,max D σH,min Near‐wellbore fracture geometry  Minimum stress Minimum stress Wellbore Fracture vertical vertical Minimum stress vertical Wellbore Fracture Orienta−on w.r.t stress orienta−on  Single fracture σv = σ1 Single fracture Multiple fractures σH,max = σ2 σH,min= σ3 Comple−on Choices  !  Cemented liner !  Plug and Perf Method !  Open Hole Completions !  Uncemented perforated liners !  Swell packers !  Frac Sleeves !  !  !  SLB Falcon System BHI Frac-Point system Halliburton RapidFrac system !  Multilateral Technology !  BHI Frac-Hook Comple−on Choices  !  Cemented liner !  Plug and Perf Method !  Open Hole Completions !  Uncemented perforated liners !  Swell packers !  Frac Sleeves !  !  !  SLB Falcon System BHI Frac-Point system Halliburton RapidFrac system !  Multilateral Technology !  BHI Frac-Hook Cemented Liner  Source: Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) Cemented Liner  Source: Americas Petrogas 10 Cemented Liner  Source: Americas Petrogas 11 Perfora−ng for fracturing  horizontal wells  !  Limit the perforation intervals for fracture initiation to a maximum of m to reduce the risk of near wellbore problems and multiple fractures !  Best results are obtained by jetting the perforations rather than shooting !  The minimum number of perforations to be applied is 9, but a larger number is preferred, say, 12 to 15 !  Preferred phasing is 60o to minimize possible tortuosity "  Note that some jetting tools can only provide 120o  Well orienta−on and perforated interval   affects  fracture growth  Parasyte Frac Main Frac Parasyte Frac 13 Comple−on Choices  !  Cemented liner !  Plug and Perf Method !  Open Hole Completions !  Uncemented perforated liners !  Swell packers !  Frac Sleeves !  !  !  SLB Falcon System BHI Frac-Point system Halliburton RapidFrac system !  Multilateral Technology !  BHI Frac-Hook 14 Open Hole Comple−ons  Perforated liner Open hole Source: Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) 15 Open Hole Comple−on  Source: Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) Open Hole Comple−on  Source: Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) Frac point isola−on system  18 Frac point isola−on system  19 Risk of loosing connec−on  Plug and Perf requires over-displacing before pumping down plug to isolate next zone In isolation systems pumping balls can lead to overdisplacement if spacing between sleeves is too small for accurate ball placement Hydro‐jet and (sand)Plug using CT  21 Massive mul− fracs in Shalegas  10/19/15 23 Fast decline in Shale plays  24 Is the hype over?  25 ... Fracture Orienta−on w.r.t stress orienta−on  Single fracture σv = σ1 Single fracture Multiple fractures σH,max = σ2 σH,min= ? ?3 Comple−on Choices  !  Cemented liner !  Plug and Perf Method !  Open Hole Completions !  Uncemented... small for accurate ball placement Hydro‐jet? ?and? ?(sand)Plug using CT  21 Massive mul− fracs in Shalegas  10/19/15 23 Fast decline in Shale plays  24 Is the hype over?  25 ... Note that some jetting tools can only provide 120o  Well orienta−on? ?and? ?perforated interval   affects  fracture growth  Parasyte Frac Main Frac Parasyte Frac 13 Comple−on Choices  !  Cemented liner !  Plug and Perf Method !  Open Hole