SEQUENCE OF TENSES(HOÀ HP THÌ) I/ Sequence in noun clauses(sự hoà hợp mệnh đề mệnh đề danh từ) 1/ Khi mệnh đề mốc tại(hiện đơn/ tiếp diễn/ hoàn thành)thì mệnh đề danh từ có liên kết chặt chẽ hợp lý với trạng ngữ kèm theo diễn tả thời gian hành động xảy Examples : Ex1:I see that I haven’t understood the lession yet Ex2:He says that he often comes here Ex3: He says that he will get married next year Ex4:She knows that you arrived yesterday Ex5:you have already told me that you are going to quit your job 2/ Khi mệnh đề mốc khứ (quá khứ đơn/ khứ tiếp diễn/ khứ hoàn thành) động từ mệnh đề danh từ mốc khứ Ex1:He had done all that was necessary Ex2:He saw that he had made a mistake Ex3:He found that the road was very long *Note 1:Với trạng ngữ ALWAYS chẳng hạn,thì liên kết với phải khứ,với TOMORROW chẳng hạn liên kết với khứ WOULD,với ALREADY ,thì liên kết với phải khứ hoàn thành Ex1: He saw that he always made a mistake Ex2:He said that he would be here tomorrow Ex3:He believed that his friend had already forgtten him *Note 2:Khi động từ mệnh đề danh từ diễn tả kiện ,một hành động ,một chân lý,một thật thường tình ,hoặc thói quen nay,thì dùng mệnh đề khứ Ex1:Galileo found that the earth is round Ex2:He proved that the earth goes round the sun Ex3:He said that he often gets up at 8:00 II/ Sequence in adjective clauses (sự hoà hợp mệnh đề mệnh đề tính từ) Động từ mệnh đề không kèm chế mệnh tính từ Dường liên kết trạng ngữ thời gian hoàn toàn hợp lý để diễn tả thời gian mà hành động xảy theo ý người nói Ex1:The letter that I received yesterday is on my desk Ex2:Yesterday I met the man who is going to speak next III/ Sequence in adverbial clauses of time (sự hoà hợp mệnh đề mệnh đề trạng từ) Có trường hợp hoà hợp: Trường hợp Main clause 1/Mệnh đề diễn tả thói quen Thì Conjunctions when ……while Clause of time Mốc tại(hiện đơn/ tiếp diễn/ hoàn thành) Examples Ex1:We always take our umbrellas with us when it rains Ex2:I usually read the newspaper while I am waiting for the bus Ex3:He never goes home before he has finished his work …as …as soon as Until Before after 2/Mệnh đề Thì diễn tả khứ hoạt động khứ 3/ Mệnh đề diễn tả hoạt động tương lai Thì tương lai (tương lai đơn tương lai hoàn thành Be going to ) Thì khứ tiếp diễn Mốc khứ(quá khứ đơn/ khứ tiếp diễn/ khứ hoàn thành) Hiện tại(hiện đơn/ hoàn thành) 4/ Mệnh đề Quá khứ đơn diễn tả khứ hoạt động tiếp diễn diễn có hành động khác xen vào/ tả hai hoạt động đồng thời diễn 5/ Mệnh đề Thì Chỉ dùng diễn tả khứ hoàn khứ đơn hoạt động thành xảy trước thời điểm khứ hành động khứ khác 6/ Mệnh đề Thì Quá khứ đơn diễn tả hoàn hoạt động thành xảy khứ kéo dài đến tương lai *EXERCISES : SUPPLY THE CORRECT VERB TENSE : Ex1:I sat near the window whenever I took the bus Ex2:I met him while I was walking down the street Ex3:He left after he had finished his work Ex1:He will go when you finish your work Ex2:We will have already finished the work when you get back Ex3:I am going to wait until you have finished your work Ex1:It was raining hard when I got there Ex2:I was watching TV while my father was reading Ex1:The train had already left when I arrived at the station Ex1 :She has played the piano since she was a child 1) Yesterday ,I (watch)………………………….television after I (finish)……………………… my homework 2) My elder brother (join)………………………….the army when he (be) ……………………….eighteen 3) When the teacher came in ,the pupils (play)……………………………… 4) Yesterday ,while I (write)…………………………a letter ,the telephone ( ring) …………………………… 5) He (leave)……………………………as soon as he (hear )………………………….the news last night 6) I opened the door just as my boy-friend Tom ( ring )…………………………the bell 7) Until she spoke I ( not realize ) …………………… she (be)……………………… foreign 8) Dick (start ) ……………………school before he (be) ……………………………seven 9) You (feel)…………………………… better after you have something to eat 10) Susan (play)………………………………chess since she was a child 11) Bill said he (forget)……………………….to buy a new dictionary 12) Helen regretted that she (not can )……………………go with us 13) Our teacher (tell)………………………….us yesterday that he (visit) ………………… England in 1970 14) Our friends asked us why we (come)…………………………… here so early *MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST : 1) He fell down when he - to wards the church A) run B) runs C) was running D) had run 2) We - there when our father died A) still lived B) lived still C) was still living D) were still living 3) They - pingpong when their father comes back home A) will play B) play C will be playing D would play 4) I’ll come and see you before I - for America A) leave B) will leave C have left D) shall leave 5) The little girl asked what - to her friend A has happened B happened C had happened D would have been happened 6) John - a book when I saw him A) is reading B) read C) was reading D) reading 7) He said he - return later A) will B) would C) can D) would be 8) When I last saw him, he in London A) has lived B) is living C) was living D) has been living 9) After I - lunch, I looked for my bag A) had B) had had C) have has D) have had 10) Henry into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner A) was going B went C) has gone D) did go 11) He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he dinner A) finish B) finishes C) will finish D) shall have finished 12) Before you asked, the letter - A) was written B) had been written C) had written D) has been written 13) I shall be glad when he A) had gone B) did go C) went D) has gone 14) Ask her to come and see me when she her work A) finish B) has finished C finished D) finishing 15) After you finish your work, you - a break A) should take B) have taken C) might have taken D) takes 16) Almost everyone for home by the time we arrived A) leave B) left C) leaves D) had left 17) While her husband was in the army, Janet to him twice a week A) was writing B) wrote C) was written D had written 18) Since , I have heard nothing from him A) he had left B) he left C) he has left D) he was left 19) “How are you feeling?” “I’ve been feeling better since -.” A) the doctor has came B) the doctor will come C) the doctor had come D) the doctor came 20) “I took the TOEFL It was really hard.” “ a lot before you took it?” A) Have you studied B) Did you studied C) Had you studied D) Do you study 21) Did you say that you here only three days ago? A).came B) have come C) had came D) come