CONDITIONAL SENTENSES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) Có loại điều kiện đ phân theo bảng công thức sau : TYPE(loại điều kiện) 1) Real condition(điều kiện xảy tương lai)-mệnh đề dùng tương lai,mệnh đề if dùng 2) Present –unreal condition(điều kiện không thật ) 3) Past-unreal condition (điều kiện không thật khứ) Main clause(mệnh đề chính) WILL S + CAN + V SHALL MAY If-clause(mệnh đề if) WOULD COULD S+ SHOULD + V MIGHT WOULD S+ COULD have +V 3/ed SHOULD MIGHT S+ V 2/ed (past subjunctive-quá khứ giả đònh - be :were ) S + V(0/S/ES) (Simple present ) S + HAD +V3/ed (past perfect subjunctiveQuá khứ hoàn thành thể giả đònh) *Note 1: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES WITH “ unless” (nếu… không ) S1 + V1 +if + S2 + V2 (negative) S1 + V1 + unless + S2 + V2 (affirmative) Ex : World population will continue to rise if we not try to reduce it > Unless we try to reduce World population , it will continue to rise Ex 2: This tree won’t grow if there is no water -> This tree won’t grow unless there is no water Ex : If he doesn’t apologize ,I will never invite him home again -> Unless he apologizes ,I will never invite him home again *Note 2: Modal verbs with If , tuỳ theo tình mà ta chọn động từ khiếm khuyết cho phù hợp Exxecise1: Complete the sentences.Use the madal verbs in brackets and the information in the box : stay /bed ; / homework ; / exercise ; go / university ; study hard ; miss /train +Conversation : Lan : My grades are terrible Mrs Quyen : If you want to get good grades , you must study hard (must) +Conversation 2: Hoa : I ‘d like to be a doctor Aunt Thanh : You _if you want to study medicine.( have to ) +Conversation : Ba : Oh ,no ! I weigh 60 kilos ! Nga : If you want to lose weight , _(should) +Conversation : Tuan : Where is Ba ? He is very late Mrs Thoa : If he doesn’t come soon , _(might) +Conversation 5: Mr Ha : I feel sick Mrs Nga : If you want to get well , _(ought to ) +Conversation 6: Na : I ‘d like to go to the movies ,Mom -2- Mrs Kim : if you want to go out ( must) *Exercise :Match each half-sentence in column A with a suitable one in column B : A 1) If we pollute the water,… 2) If you cut down the trees ,… 3) If there is too much exhaust fume in the air ,… 4) If you can keep your neighborhood clean,… 5) If people stop using dynamite for fishing,… B a) there will be big floods every year b) a lot of sea creatures will be well preserved c) more and more people will cope with respiratory prolem d) you will have an ideal place to live e) we will have no fresh water to use *Exercise :use the correct form of the verbs in parentheses : 1) If John studies hard , he (pass)…………………………… ………….his examinations 2) If I finish my work in time , I (go )……………………………… ………….to the ball game 3) If you don’t hurry ,we (be)……………………… ………… late for class 4) If I have time tomorrow, I (go )………………………… ………….… shopping with you 5) If the weather is nice tomorrow, we (go )………………… ………….…… to the beach 6) If I (find )………………………… ………… the book ,I will give it to you 7) If you (drive)…………………… ………….……slowly, you won’t have any accidents 8) If the train (be)…………………… ………….… late , we won’t be able to see them 9) If he (go)……………… ………….………to Mexico ,he will be able to practice his Spanish 10) If Tom (call)……………… ………….……me ,I will speak to him *Exercise :use the correct form of the verbs in parentheses : 1) If I knew her well , I (speak)……………………… ………….……………………to her 2) If we had a lot of money , we (take)…………… ………….……………….a trip to South America 3) If he drove more carefully ,he ( have )…………… ………….……………………….fewer accidents 4) If he prepared his homework every night ,he(get)… ………….…………………………better grades 5) If she (work)……………… ………….……… harder ,she would probably get better salary 6) If I (know)………………………… ………….… how to drive, I would buy a car 7) If we (not have )……………… ………….………… to work today, we would go to the beach with them *Exercise :use the correct form of the verbs in parentheses : 1) He (pass)……………… ………….……………………… his examination if he had studied more 2) We (go )……………………… ………….………… to the party last night if they had invited us 3) I (write )………………… ………….…………………to you if I had had your address 4) I (go)………………… ………….…………….the beach if yesterday had been a holiday 5) I wouldn’t have got wet if I (wear)…………… ………….……………….a raincoat 6) If he ( study)………………… ………….……………… more, he would have gotten better grades 7) If I ( have )…………………… ………….………….time yesterday , I would have gone shopping with you *Exercise : Finish each of the following sentences in the suitable ways: 1) If I were you, ………………………………………………………………………………………………….………… ………… 2)If John had studied harder , ……………………………………………………………………………………….………… 3)If it doesn’t rain next Sunday, ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4) I will find a good job if……………………………………………………………………………………….………… -2- ………… 5)I would not have gone if……………………………………………………………………………………… 6)I would tell him the truth if……………………………………………………………………………………… * Exercise : *Make conditional sentences from these fạcts : I will lend you my car,but you must promise to drive it carefully ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………… 2)Mai wants to speak English well,but she has no real opportunity to practise ……………………………………………………………………………………… 3)We didn’t have much money,so we couldn’t go abroad ……………………………………………………………………………………… 4)You got bad marks in English because you didn’t practise it well yesterday ……………………………………………………………………………………… 5)She can’t take a taxi That ‘s the reason why she is late ……………………………………………………………………………………… He came to class late.That ‘s the reason why his teacher was so angry ……………………………………………………………………………………… * Exercise : SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION *Finish each of the following sentences keeping the same meaning to the original sentences : 1)I ‘ll let you borrow my car but you must promise to use it carefully If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………… 2) There will be a shortage of water unless it rains If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………… 3)I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… 4)Do those exercises more carefully or you will fail the exams You……………………………………………………………….if……………………………………… ………………………………… 5)I was very busy, I couldn’t go to the meeting If I…………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………… 6/ If I were free now, I would help you I am …………………………………… 7/ We not go because it rains If ………………………………………… 8/ Tom never does anything if you not tell him what to Unless………………………………………… 9/ We will go there unless it rains If it ……………………………………… 10/ You drink too much coffee , that is why you can not sleep If you………………………………….………………………………… 11/ He is too old, so he can not go bushwalking If………………………………….………………………………… 13/ Jane is too short, she can not apply for the job -2- If Jane were……………………………………………………………… 14/I can’t come because I have to look after my children If _ 15/ Do those exercises more carefully or you will fail the exams You _ unless 16/ I don’n know the answer , so I can’t tell you If _ 17/ I won’t help you if you don’t promise to work harder Unless 18/ You must hurry or we’ll miss the train Unless we 19/ Larry didn’t buy the shirt because she didn’t have enough money If Larry……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………… 20/ If you work harder, you make more products The harder you work , the ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21/ The weather was very bad , so we didn’t go on a picnic If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………… 22/ He works hard and he will pass his exams If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………… 23/We can avoid waiting by booking the tickets in advance If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………… 24/We must go or we ‘ll be late If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… 25/They wanted to buy the house ,but they hadn’t got enough money If they ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………… 26/ I regret not going to the airport to say good-bye to him If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… * Exercise : MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1/ The deathrate would decrease if hygienic conditions improved a was b is c were d had been 2/ The education in Japan if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration a would go down b would have gone down c went down d had gone down 3/ If there , the ricefields could have been more productive a had been enough water b were enough water c would be enough water d are enough water 4/ The patient could not recover unless he _ an operation a had undergone b would undergone c underwent d was undergoing -2- 5/ If she him , she would be very happy a would meet b will meet c is meeting d met 6/ If he _ a thorough knowledge of English , he could have applied for this post a had had b had c has d has had 7/ If I had enough money , I _ abroad to improve my English a will go b would go c should go d should have go to 8/ The bench would collapse if they on it a stood b stand c standing d stands 9/ If it convenient , let’s go out for a drink tonight a be b is c was d were 10/ If you _ time , please write to me a have b had c have had d has 11/ I shouldn’t go there at night if I you a am b was c be d were 12/ If I _ get a pole , I’ll go fishing a can b could c may d might 13/ If they had enough time , they lead south a will b can c must d might 14/ If you had the chance , you go fishing ? a did b may c would d 15/ If you a choice , which country would you visit ? a have b had c have had d will have 16/ She will accept the offer if you persuade her a unless b because c provided that d otherwise 17/ If he were here , he would accompany you on the piano a Supposing he were here b Because he were here c Were he here d Both a and b 18/ If she had gone abroad , she would have let you know a Had gone she abroad b Had she gone abroad c Because she had gone abroad d While she had gone abroad 19/ Trees won’t grow there is enough water a if b when c unless d as 20/ _ she agreed , you would have done it a If b Had c should d Would CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1/ If only I you wanted to invest money in business a had known b knew c have known d know 2/ If I were to leave my country , I disappointed a probably be b would have been c will be d would be 3/ If he hadn’t wasted too much time , he in his examination a would fail b wouldn’t fail c wouldn’t have failed d won’t fail 4/ If I had taken that English course , I much progress a had made b would have made c made d would make 5/ If I were in your place , I a trip to England a will make b had made c would make d made 6/ If you inherited a million pounds , what with the money ? a you b will you c would you d are you going to 7/ If you as I told you , you in such predicament now a did / would not be b had done / had not been c / would not be d had done/ would not be 8/ Come and work for my company if you better to a have nothing b will have nothing c had something d had nothing 9/ If you had done as I told you , I think you a would succeed b would have succeeded c could succeed d had succeeded 10/ If he had got half a mark more , he in the exam a wouldn’t fail b wouldn’t have failed c won’t fail d won’t be failing -2- 11/ If it tomorrow , we may postpone going a rains b will rain c shall rain d raining 12/ If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night , you _ sleepy now a wouldn’t have been b wouldn’t be c might have not been d wouldn’t have been being 13/ If you _ as I told you , you sorry now a did / would not be b had done / had not been c / would not be d had done / would not be 14/ If only I him now ! a see b saw c have seen d seen 15/ If I _ I’ll let you know a am staying b will stay c stay d would stay 16/ If only he me a chance , I could have told him the truth a gave b has given c could give d had given 17/ Get me a glass of lemonade , if you to the kitchen a go b will go c going d went 18/ If I _ you I’d save some of your lottery winning a be b am c were d was 19/ If the chair _ break , Mr Dow can fix it for us a might b should c may d can 20/ If the car larger , we would have bought it a had been b has been c have been d been CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1/ “ Are you thinking about going to the Bahamas for the holidays ?” – “ No, but if I _ the time , I would definitely go ” a have b had c have had d would have 2/ “ It’s really raining ” “ Yes If the weather , we’ ll have to camp somewhere else ” a would get worse b might get worse c get worse d should get worse 3/ “ Why did you only send twenty dollars in the mail ?” – “ If I had more money , I given you more ” a will have b would have c would d have 4/ “ My boss made me work overtime again ” – “ If I were you , I _ my job ” a would quit b will quit c must quit d quit 5/ “ Thanks for your help ” – “ _ want more information , call again tomorrow ” a Were you b Had you to c Might you d Should you 6/ “ Remember the day I drove you to the airport ? ” - “ If you hadn’t me I would have been late ” a take b taking c took d taken 7/ “ Sally finally got here from Chicago ” – “ If she had come earlier , we _ taken her to the play ” a would be b would have c had have d would had 8/ “ I don’t know whether to take that mathematics course or not ” – “ If _ you , I’d take it ” a I am b I will be c I had been you d I were 9/ “ My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus ” - “ , we would have picked you up ” a Had we known b If we have known c We had known d If we did know 10/ “ It’s beginning to rain ” “ , we won’t be able to finish the ball game ” a If it stops b Should it stop c Unless it stops d If it didn’t stop 11/ “ Did you need help with your math last night ? ” “ If I had , I _ you ” a would call b called c would have called d will call 12/ “ I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to ” – “ what you want and I can get it for you ” a Tell me b If you would say me c You will tell to me d If you tell me 13/ “John went to the hospital alone ” – “ If , I would have gone with him.” -2- a had he told me b he had told me c he has told me d he would tell me 14/ “ Alice is moving to her new apartment next Saturday ” – “ I’ll be glad to help her , need some help ” a should she b if she will c if she d if she might 15/ “ Did you go sailing last weekend ? ” – “ No We would have gone , nicer ” a had the weather been b if the weather has been c would the weather be d if the weather might be 16/ This sailboat go faster if there were more wind a wouldn’t b shall c will d would 17/ I won’t lend you this money you promise to pay it back a if b unless c or d or else 18/ If Al had come sooner , he could eaten dinner with us a has b had c have d ‘ ve 19/ _ me and I’ll expalin the homework to you a Call b If you call c Calling d To call 20/ If a drop of oil is placed in a glass of water , it float to the top a would b will c shall d should -2- ... if……………………………………………………………………………………… 6)I would tell him the truth if……………………………………………………………………………………… * Exercise : *Make conditional sentences from these faïcts : I will lend you my car,but you must promise to drive it... ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… * Exercise : MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1/ The deathrate would decrease if hygienic conditions improved a was... b when c unless d as 20/ _ she agreed , you would have done it a If b Had c should d Would CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1/ If only I you wanted to invest money in business a had known b knew