KHOA: IN T - TIN HC LP: C TVT 08A TI: GVHD: C TUN SVTH: NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN KHểA HC: 2008 -2011 NHN XẫT CA GIO VIấN HNG DN Ngy.Thỏng.Nm Giỏo viờn hng dn NHN XẫT CA GIO VIấN PHN BIN Ngy.Thỏng.Nm Giỏo viờn phn bin MC LC CHNG DN NHP CHNG 2.VI IU KHIN PIC 16F877A 2.1 S lc v Vi iu khin PIC 16F877A: 2.2 S lc v cỏc chõn ca PIC 16F877A: 2.3 Mt s im c bit ca CPU: 10 2.3.1 Dao ng: 10 2.3.2 Reset: 11 2.3.3 MCLR: 11 2.3.4 Interrupts: 12 2.3.5 B nh thi giỏm sỏt (Watch Dog Timer -WDT): 13 2.3.6 B nh chng trỡnh: 15 2.3.7 B nh d liu: 15 2.4 I/O ports: 28 2.4.1 Port A v ghi TRISA: 28 2.4.2 Port B v ghi TRISB: 30 2.4.3 Port C v ghi TRISC: 32 2.4.4 Port D v ghi TRISD: 33 2.4.5 Port E v ghi TRISE: 34 2.5 Timers: 36 2.5.1 Timer : 36 2.5.2 Timer : 38 2.5.3 Timer : 41 2.5.4 Module CCP: 43 2.5.5 Module CCP1: 43 2.5.6 Module CCP2: 44 2.5.7 Capture: 45 2.5.8 Compare: 45 2.5.9 PWM: 46 2.5.10 Module MSSP (Master Synchronous Serial Port): 48 2.5.11 B bin i ADC: 49 CHNG 3: CC LINH KIN DNG TRONG THIT K MCH 54 3.1 IN TR: 54 3.1.1 Kớ Hieọu: 54 3.1.2 n v: , K, M 54 3.1.3 Bng mu giỏ tr: 54 3.1.4 Caựch ủoùc : 55 3.2 T IN 56 3.2.1 Phõn loi t in v cỏch c t in 56 3.2.2 Cỏc loi t in c dựng 56 3.3 LED: 58 3.3.1 LED N : 58 3.3.2 LED on : 58 3.4 IC 74247 60 3.4.1 Khỏi nim 60 3.4.2 Mch logic ca IC 74247 61 CHNG 4: 62 THIT K THI CễNG V CHNG TRèNH 62 4.1 S KHI MCH IU KHIN ẩN GIAO THễNG 62 4.2 MCH Mễ PHNG PROTEUS 63 4.3 NGUYấN Lí HOT NG MCH 64 4.3.1 S lc cỏc khi: 64 4.3.2 Hot ụng: 64 4.4 CU TRC CHI TIT 64 4.4.1 KHI X Lí 64 4.4.2 KHI HIN TH 66 4.4.3 KHI BN PHM 68 4.4.4 MCH NGUN 70 4.5 LU GII THUT CA MCH IU KHIN ẩN GIAO THễNG 70 4.6 CHNG TRèNH CODE 73 CHNG KT LUN 85 TI LIU THAM KHO 86 LI CM N c hc v rốn luyn sut ba nm tri di mỏi trng Cao ng K Thut Cao Thng l nim vui v s hónh din ca bn thõn em õy, em nhn c s ch bo, dy d tn tỡnh v chu ỏo ca quý thy cụ trng Cao ng K Thut Cao Thng núi chung v thy cụ Khoa in T-Tin Hc núi riờng Ti ngụi trng ny, em c hc hi rt nhiu kin thc v nú s l hnh trang giỳp em vo i Em xin by t lũng bit n n quý thy cụ Trng Cao ng K Thut Cao Thng ó truyn t cho em nhng kin thc quý bỏu Xin cm n thy c Tun ngi ó trc tip hng dn em hon thnh ỏn tt nghip Cui cựng, em xin gi n quý thy cụ, ban Giỏm Hiu trng Cao ng K Thut Cao Thng li chỳc sc khe v thnh cụng nht Em xin chõn thnh cỏm n! TP.HCM, Ngy 27 thỏng 06 nm 2011 N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== CHNG DN NHP Ngy nay, chỳng ta ó quỏ quen thuc vi cỏc ct ốn giao thụng cỏc ngó t vi ba mu c bn: , xanh, vng Trc õy, ngi ta s dng búng ốn si t hin th cỏc mu ốn, loi ốn ny tiờu tn nhiu in nng, cụng sut thp v tui th thng ngn Nhng vi s i ca ốn Led vi giỏ thnh r, tit kim nng lng v tui th cao thỡ ốn Led ó c ng dng rt nhiu cỏc sn phm in t nht l ốn giao thụng Chỳng em ó c gng dng nhng kin thc ó hc trng cựng vi s tỡm tũi, hc hi cú th hon thnh tt ỏn ny Mc dự rt c gng hon thnh ỏn ny ỳng thi gian quy nh nhng cng khú trỏnh nhng thiu sút Mong cú s úng gúp chõn thnh t phớa quý thy cụ cng nh cỏc bn Cui cựng xin chõn thnh cỏm n quý thy cụ v cỏc bn Yờu cu ti: Mch hot ng tt Hin th s trờn led on theo th t gim dn Thi gian ốn 30s ,vng 3s ,xanh 27s Nhp thi gian t bn phớm theo ý mun GVHD: C TUN SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== CHNG 2.VI IU KHIN PIC 16F877A 2.1 S lc v Vi iu khin PIC 16F877A: PIC 16F877A l dũng PIC ph bin nht hin ( mnh v tớnh nng, b nh cho hu ht cỏc ng dng thụng thng).Cu trỳc tng quỏt ca PIC 16F877A nh sau: K Flash ROM 368 Bytes RAM 256 Bytes EEPROM ports (A, B, C, D, E) vo vi tớn hiu iu khin c lp b nh thi bits (Timer v Timer 2) Mt b nh thi 16 bits (Timer1) cú th hot ng ch tit kim nng lng (SLEEP MODE) vi ngun xung Clock ngoi b CCP( Capture / Compare/ PWM) b bin i AD 10 bits, ngừ vo b so sỏnh tng t (Compartor) b nh thi giỏm sỏt (WatchDog Timer) Mt cng song song bits vi cỏc tớn hiu iu khin Mt cng ni tip 15 ngun ngt Cú ch tit kim nng lng Np chng trỡnh bng cng ni tip ICSP 35 lnh cú di 14 bits Tn s hot ng ti a 20MHz GVHD: C TUN SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== 2.2 S lc v cỏc chõn ca PIC 16F877A: GVHD: C TUN SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== (a) (b) ú 1: a Xanh 2: c = a-b Gim n v Xanh 1: 47s 2: 50s 1: a-c Vng 2: b Gim n v Gim n v Xanh 1: c 2: a Vng 1: 3s Gim n v 2: 3s Vng 1: b 2: a-c c Kt thỳc GVHD: C TUN 72 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== 4.6 CHNG TRèNH CODE PROCESSOR 16F877A; Khai bỏo dựng Pic 16f877A #INCLUDE ; ớnh kốm file cú sn th vin DEM EQU 20H; nh ngha bin DEM BP_HEX EQU 21H; nh ngha bin BP_HEX KIEMTRA EQU 22H; nh ngha bin KIEMTRA ORG 0000H; BCF STATUS,6; Chn bank BCF STATUS,5; Chn bank CLRF PORTA; Xúa Port A CLRF PORTB; Xúa Port B CLRF PORTC; Xúa Port C CLRF PORTD; Xúa Port D BSF STATUS,5; Chn bank CLRF TRISA; Port A l output CLRF TRISB; Port B l output CLRF TRISC; Port C l output MOVLW B'11110000' MOVWF TRISD BCF STATUS,5; Tr li bank nh ngha vect reset MAIN MOVLW B'01010000'; a vo giỏ tr 50 MOVWF BP_HEX; Xut giỏ tr 50 vo BP_HEX DO_A MOVLW B'100001'; RA5 n RA0 MOVWF PORTA; MOVF BP_HEX,W;a giỏ tr BP_HEX vo W MOVWF PORTB; Xut vo Port A Xut giỏ tr BP_HEX vo port B XANH_B GVHD: C TUN 73 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== MOVLW D'3' SUBWF BP_HEX,0; Gớa tr BP_HEX -3 MOVWF PORTC; Xut port C KIEM_TRA_XANH_B MOVLW B'00001111';Ly bit thp ca BP_HEX ANDWF BP_HEX,0; Thc hin phộp toỏn AND MOVWF KIEMTRA MOVLW D'0' XORWF KIEMTRA,0; So sỏnh bin KIEMTRA vi BTFSC STATUS,2; GOTO XANH_B1; Nhy n nhón XANH_B1 MOVLW D'1' XORWF KIEMTRA,0;So sỏnh bin KIEMTRA vi BTFSC STATUS,2 GOTO XANH_B1 MOVLW D'2' XORWF KIEMTRA,0 BTFSC STATUS,2 GOTO XANH_B1 MOVLW D'3' GOTO $+2; Nhy qua lnh XANH_B1 MOVLW D'9' SUBWF BP_HEX,0; Ly giỏ tr BP_HEX -9 MOVWF PORTC; Xut port C DEM_DO_A BSF PORTD,0; RD0=1 BSF PORTD,1; RD1=1 BCF PORTD,2; RD2=0 BSF PORTD,3; RD3=1 BTFSS PORTD,5; Kim tra RD5 nhn hay cha? GVHD: C TUN 74 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== GOTO BANPHIM; Nhy n nhón BANPHIM CALL DELAY_1S; To tr giõy BTFSC PORTB,3; Kim tra bit RB3 GOTO GIAM_DO_A;Nhy n nhón GIAM_DO_A nu RB3=0 BTFSC PORTB,2; Kim tra bit RB2 GOTO GIAM_DO_A;Nhy n nhón GIAM_DO_A nu RB2=0 BTFSC PORTB,1 GOTO GIAM_DO_A BTFSC PORTB,0 GOTO GIAM_DO_A MOVLW D'6' SUBWF PORTB,1;Port B kt qu lu port B GIAM_DO_A DECF PORTB,1; Gim port B n v,kt qu lu port B DEM_XANH_B BTFSC PORTC,3; Kim tra bit RC3 GOTO GIAM_XANH_B;Nhy n nhón GIAM_XANH_B BTFSC PORTC,2 GOTO GIAM_XANH_B BTFSC PORTC,1 GOTO GIAM_XANH_B BTFSC PORTC,0 GOTO GIAM_XANH_B MOVLW D'6' SUBWF PORTC,1; PORT 6,kt qu lu PORT C GIAM_XANH_B DECF PORTC,1; Gim PORT C n v, kt qu lu port C MOVLW D'4' SUBWF PORTB,0; PORT B lu vo W BTFSC STATUS,0; Kim tra bit nh GOTO DEM_DO_A; Nu PORT B >0 GVHD: C TUN 75 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== MOVLW B'010001'; Nu PORT B < MOVWF PORTA MOVF PORTB,W; a giỏ tr PORT B vo W MOVWF PORTC MOVLW D'0' XORWF PORTB,0; So sỏnh PORT B BTFSS STATUS,2 GOTO DEM_DO_A;Nu PORT B # DO_B MOVLW B'001100' MOVWF PORTA MOVF BP_HEX,W MOVWF PORTC XANH_A MOVLW D'3' SUBWF BP_HEX,0 MOVWF PORTB KIEM_TRA_XANH_A MOVLW B'00001111' ANDWF BP_HEX,0 MOVWF KIEMTRA MOVLW D'0' XORWF KIEMTRA,0 BTFSC STATUS,2 GOTO XANH_A1 MOVLW D'1' XORWF KIEMTRA,0 BTFSC STATUS,2 GOTO XANH_A1 MOVLW D'2' XORWF KIEMTRA,0 GVHD: C TUN 76 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== BTFSC STATUS,2 GOTO XANH_A1 MOVLW D'3' GOTO $+2 XANH_A1 MOVLW D'9' SUBWF BP_HEX,0 MOVWF PORTB DEM_DO_B BSF PORTD,0 BSF PORTD,1 BCF PORTD,2 BSF PORTD,3 BTFSS PORTD,5 GOTO BANPHIM CALL DELAY_1S BTFSC PORTC,3 GOTO GIAM_DO_B BTFSC PORTC,2 GOTO GIAM_DO_B BTFSC PORTC,1 GOTO GIAM_DO_B BTFSC PORTC,0 GOTO GIAM_DO_B MOVLW D'6' SUBWF PORTC,1 GIAM_DO_B DECF PORTC,1 DEM_XANH_A BTFSC PORTB,3 GOTO GIAM_XANH_A GVHD: C TUN 77 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== BTFSC PORTB,2 GOTO GIAM_XANH_A BTFSC PORTB,1 GOTO GIAM_XANH_A BTFSC PORTB,0 GOTO GIAM_XANH_A MOVLW D'6' SUBWF PORTB,1 GIAM_XANH_A DECF PORTB,1 MOVLW D'4' SUBWF PORTC,0 BTFSC STATUS,0 GOTO DEM_DO_B MOVLW B'001010' MOVWF PORTA MOVF PORTC,W MOVWF PORTB MOVLW D'0' XORWF PORTC,0 BTFSS STATUS,2 GOTO DEM_DO_B GOTO DO_A BANPHIM BTFSS PORTD,5 Kim tra RD5 nhn hay cha? GOTO BANPHIM CALL DELAY_250MS; to tr 250 ms MOVLW B'11111111' MOVWF PORTB CALL DELAY_250MS MOVF BP_HEX,W GVHD: C TUN 78 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== MOVWF PORTB BCF PORTD,0; RD0 =0 BSF PORTD,1; RD1= BSF PORTD,2; RD2= BSF PORTD,3; RD3= BTFSS PORTD,7; kim tra RD7 nhn hay cha? GOTO N0; Nu RD7 c nhn BTFSS PORTD,6; kim tra RD6 nhn hay cha? GOTO N1; Nu RD6 c nhn BTFSS PORTD,5; kim tra RD5 nhn hay cha GOTO N2; Nu RD5 c nhn BTFSS PORTD,4 GOTO N3 BSF PORTD,0 BCF PORTD,1 BSF PORTD,2 BSF PORTD,3 BTFSS PORTD,7 GOTO N4 BTFSS PORTD,6 GOTO N5 BTFSS PORTD,5 GOTO N6 BTFSS PORTD,4 GOTO N7 BSF PORTD,0 BSF PORTD,1 BCF PORTD,2 BSF PORTD,3 BTFSS PORTD,7 GOTO N8 GVHD: C TUN 79 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== BTFSS PORTD,6 GOTO N9 BTFSS PORTD,5 GOTO ENTER0 BTFSS PORTD,4 GOTO ENTER1 GOTO BANPHIM N0 BTFSS PORTD,7; Kim tra RD7 nh cha? GOTO N0 ;nu RD7 cha nh SWAPF BP_HEX,1; o bit thp thnh bit cao MOVLW B'11110000'; Gi bit cao ANDWF BP_HEX,1; Thc hin phộp toỏn and MOVLW D'0' IORWF BP_HEX,1 MOVF BP_HEX,W MOVWF PORTB GOTO BANPHIM N1 BTFSS PORTD,6 GOTO N1 SWAPF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW B'11110000' ANDWF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW D'1' IORWF BP_HEX,1 MOVF BP_HEX,W MOVWF PORTB GOTO BANPHIM N2 BTFSS PORTD,5 GVHD: C TUN 80 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== GOTO N2 SWAPF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW B'11110000' ANDWF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW D'2' IORWF BP_HEX,1 MOVF BP_HEX,W MOVWF PORTB GOTO BANPHIM N3 BTFSS PORTD,4 GOTO N3 SWAPF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW B'11110000' ANDWF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW D'3' IORWF BP_HEX,1 MOVF BP_HEX,W MOVWF PORTB GOTO BANPHIM N4 BTFSS PORTD,7 GOTO N4 SWAPF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW B'11110000' ANDWF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW D'4' IORWF BP_HEX,1 MOVF BP_HEX,W MOVWF PORTB GOTO BANPHIM GVHD: C TUN 81 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== N5 BTFSS PORTD,6 GOTO N5 SWAPF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW B'11110000' ANDWF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW D'5' IORWF BP_HEX,1 MOVF BP_HEX,W MOVWF PORTB GOTO BANPHIM N6 BTFSS PORTD,5 GOTO N6 SWAPF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW B'11110000' ANDWF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW D'6' IORWF BP_HEX,1 MOVF BP_HEX,W MOVWF PORTB GOTO BANPHIM N7 BTFSS PORTD,4 GOTO N7 SWAPF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW B'11110000' ANDWF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW D'7' IORWF BP_HEX,1 MOVF BP_HEX,W GVHD: C TUN 82 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== MOVWF PORTB GOTO BANPHIM N8 BTFSS PORTD,7 GOTO N8 SWAPF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW B'11110000' ANDWF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW D'8' IORWF BP_HEX,1 MOVF BP_HEX,W MOVWF PORTB GOTO BANPHIM N9 BTFSS PORTD,6 GOTO N9 SWAPF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW B'11110000' ANDWF BP_HEX,1 MOVLW D'9' IORWF BP_HEX,1 MOVF BP_HEX,W MOVWF PORTB GOTO BANPHIM ENTER0 BTFSS PORTD,5 GOTO ENTER0 GOTO DO_A ENTER1 BTFSS PORTD,4 GOTO ENTER1 GVHD: C TUN 83 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== GOTO MAIN DELAY_1S CALL DELAY_250MS CALL DELAY_250MS CALL DELAY_250MS CALL DELAY_250MS RETURN DELAY_250MS BSF STATUS,5; Chn bank BCF OPTION_REG,3; Kt qu tỏc ng lờn TMR0 BCF OPTION_REG,2; Chia tn 1:4 BCF OPTION_REG,1 BSF OPTION_REG,0 BCF STATUS,5; chn bank MOVLW D'250' MOVWF DEM; Gỏn giỏ tr DEM=250 BATDAU MOVLW D'5' MOVWF TMR0; BSF STATUS,5 BCF OPTION_REG,5; Cho phộp b nh thi hot ng BCF STATUS,5 TMR0 = 55 LOOP BTFSS INTCON,2; m xong cha? GOTO LOOP BCF INTCON,2; Xúa c trn DECFSZ DEM,1; Gim giỏ tr m n v GOTO BATDAU BCF STATUS,5 RETURN END GVHD: C TUN 84 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== CHNG KT LUN Trong quỏ trỡnh thc hin ti, mc dự thi gian tng i di, ti liu tham kho ớt v cú nhiu xy quỏ trỡnh thi cụng, nhng nhúm em ó cú gng ht sc mỡnh, nhit tỡnh cụng vic v cui cựng nhúm em cng ó hon thnh tt ỏn v nhng yờu cu thy t ú l kt qu n lc thi gian di ca nhúm em v s hng dn tn tỡnh ca thy c Tun cựng vi s giỳp ca bn bố nờn ỏn ó hon thnh ỳng thi hn u im o Khi hin th dựng led on nờn ớt xy li phn cng, cụng sut lm vic cao o Pic 16f877a cú nhiu tớnh nng vt tri, chng nhiu tt, giỏ thnh phự hp, hot ng n nh o iu khin chng trỡnh ỳng vi ý tng thit k Nhc im o Khi ngun cha n nh vỡ s dng bin ỏp o Thi gian thc hin gia cỏc lnh khụng c chớnh xỏc cao o Mch thi cụng cha hon thin cũn nhiu thiu xút Nhng kin thc kinh nghim cú c thc hin o Khi thi cụng mch ta phi tỡm hiu k v s mch, nguyờn hot ng ca mch,cn phi tham kho ý kin ca nhng ngi cú kinh nghim bit c mch mỡnh mun lm cú th thc hin c khụng o Trong quỏ trỡnh thc hin ta phi tỡm tũi thờm cỏch thc hin ,phi tht t m t khõu thit k mch cho n quỏ trỡnh lp rỏp linh kin vo mch GVHD: C TUN 85 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== TI LIU THAM KHO Book: Bi ging Vt liu linh kin in t ca Th.S Bựi Th Kim Chi trng Cao Thng Bi ging mch in t ca ging viờn Thng Vn Bộ trng Cao Thng Giỏo trỡnh Vi X Lý ca ging viờn Nguyn Trng Khanh trng Cao Thng Website: http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/ http://www.picvietnam.com/forum/ http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/ http://www.ebook.edu.vn GVHD: C TUN 86 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN ... led on theo th t gim dn Thi gian ốn 30s ,vng 3s ,xanh 27s Nhp thi gian t bn phớm theo ý mun GVHD: C TUN SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ==============================================================... cng lm tng thi gian ng Ch dao ng RC c s dng nh mt gii phỏp tit kim cỏc ng dng khụng cn s chớnh xỏc v thi gian GVHD: C TUN 10 SVTH:NGUYN QUANG TRUNG Lấ DUY TN N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG... nm 2011 N TT NGHIP TI: ẩN GIAO THễNG NG T ============================================================== CHNG DN NHP Ngy nay, chỳng ta ó quỏ quen thuc vi cỏc ct ốn giao thụng cỏc ngó t vi ba