( Đặng Văn Dơng - Trờng THCS Đại Tự - Yên Lạc - Vĩnh Phúc) ( Tôi còn rất nhiều chuyên đề hay - Giáo viên nào cần xin liên hệ: Email: duong_tutrung@yahoo.com.vn Hoặc: Greenocean981@yahoo.com.vn Conditional sentences I. Các câu điều kiện cơ bản: 1. Câu điều kiện chỉ khả năng: Dùng để diễn tả một sự kiện có thể hoặc không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại, quá khứ hoặc tơng lai. Loại I: If + S + V( simple) + O, S + Will/ can +V ( bare) a. Hiện tại: Eg: If you are right, I am wrong. If you help me, I will help you. b. Tơng lai: Eg: If it's a fine day tomorrow, we'll go for a picnic. c. Quá khứ: Eg: If I said that, I apologize 2. Câu giả thiết: Để giả thiết một sự việc trái với hiện tại hoăc không thể xảy ra trong t ơng lai, hoặc đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ. a. Diễn tả tình huống không có thực ở hiện tại: Loại II: If + S + V ( past simple) + O , S + would/ could/ mi ght ( not) + V ( bare ) + O Eg: If I had enough money, I would buy a new car. * "To be" ở tất cả các ngôi là: were Eg: If I were you, I wouldn't do that. *** Dùng với " were to + V (bare) Eg: If you were to come tomorrow, I might have time to see you. b. Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ: Loại III: If + S + had( not) + V (P II ) + O, S + would/ could/ might ( not)+ have + V( P II ) + O Eg: If you asked me, I would have helped you. If it had not rained, I might have come. II. Câu điều kiện pha trộn: 1. Loại II + Loại III. Eg: If he were a good student, he would have learnt for the exams. 2. Loại III + Loại II. Eg: If he had driven carefully, I wouldn't he hungry. * Chú ý: Mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trớc hoặc sau, nhng nếu đứng trớc thì không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách: Eg: I might have come if it had not rained. III. Câu điều kiện ở dạng đảo ngữ không có "If": 1. Loại I: - If someone calls, please take a message. => Should someone call , please take a message. - If you tell me the truth, I can help you. => Should you tell me the truth, I can help you. 2. Loại II: - If I were you , I would eat less. => Were I you, I would eat less. - If I had enough money, I would buy a new car . => Were I to enough money, I would buy a new car. 3. Loại III: - If you had asked me for advice, I would have helped you. => Had you asked me for advice, I would have helped you. - If I had not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed in it. => Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed in it. IV.Các dạng đặc biệt của câu điều kiện : 1. If .not = Unless.( trừ khi) - If you don't hurry, you'll be late for school. => Unless you hurry, you'll be late for school. 2. As long as/ So long as/ Provided that/ Providing that/ On condition that + Clause: ( Miễn là/ với điều kiện) Eg: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car. 3. Supposed/ supposing + Clause: ( Giả sử ) Eg: If the plane is late, what will you do? => Supposed the plane is late, What will you do? 4. Without: ( không) Eg: I wouldn't have finished it on time if you hadn't helped me. => Without your help, I wouldn't have finished it on time. 5. But: Eg: I would have gone with you if I had had time. => I would have gone with you, but I didn't have time. Eg: She would buy that house if she had enough money. => She would buy that house, but she doesn't have enough money. 6. But for: ( Nếu không có) IF it weren't for + Noun/ the fact that + clause If it hadn't been for + Noun/ the fact that + clause - Loại II: Eg: If it weren't for friends, our life would be meaningless. = But for friends, our life would be meaningless. - Loại III: Eg: If hadn't been for the storm, we would have had good crops. = But for the storm, we would have had good crops. 7. If only = wish ( giá nh mà) - If only he comes on time.( I hope he will come on time) - If only it didn't rain. - If only I had had money,I would have bought it. 8. Only if ( chỉ nếu nh ) - You will get a good job only if you have university education. = Only if you have university education, will/ can you get a good job. 9. Otherwise = or ( hoặc) - If you don't take a taxi, you will be late. = Take a taxi; otherwise/ or; you will be late.