The Contribution and Impact of Sele Enat Charitable Organization in Fulfilling the Needs of Destitute Children and Their Families By Tigist Bazezew A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters in Social Work Addis Ababa University Faculty of Social Sciences School of Social Work June, 2017 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia The Contribution and Impact of Sele Enat Charitable Organization in Fulfilling the Needs of Destitute Children and Their Families By Tigist Bazezew A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters in Social Work Addis Ababa University Faculty of Social Sciences School of Social Work Advisor: Adamnesh Atnafu (PhD) June, 2017 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES EXAMINING COMMITTEE This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Tigist Bazezew titled: The Contribution and Impact Sele Enat Charitable Organization in Fulfilling the Needs of Destitute Children and Their Families; submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Degree of Master of Arts (School of Social Work) complies with the regulation of the university and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality Signed by the Examining Committee: Examiner _ Signature Date _ Examiner _ Signature Date _ Advisor Signature _ Date Acknowledgements First I would like to thank God for helping me throughout my study My heartfelt gratitude goes to my dedicated advisor, Dr Adamnesh Atnafu for her unreserved assistance and constructive comments My deepest gratitude should also go to my parents, my father Ato Bazezew Kebede and my mother W/ro Abeba Kinde for their unfailing support throughout my study I am very much grateful to Ato Zelalem Eteffa, Vice Manager of Sele Enat Charitable Organization for his genuine cooperation and continuous provision of information Then my appreciation goes to Ato Betemariam Hailu, Social Worker of Sele Enat Charitable Organization for his consistent collaboration throughout the study In addition, I am indebted to Yohannes Shiferaw for his substantial encouragement via providing crucial comments and literatures I am also grateful for Selamawit Imiru for offering helpful suggestions and documents Finally, I convey special acknowledgement to all participants of the study It would not be possible to accomplish this study and achieve the intended outcome without the cooperation of the participants Table of Contents Contents Page Table of Contents Abbreviations Terms to Define Operational Definition of Terms CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Background .9 1.2 Statement of the Problem 10 1.3 Objectives 12 1.3.1 General Objective 12 1.3.2 Specific Objectives 12 1.4 Research Questions 13 1.5 Significance of the Study 13 1.6 Scope of the Study 13 1.7 Limitation of the Study 14 CHAPTER TWO Literature Review 15 2.1 Community Based Child Care 15 2.3 Factors for Children’s Vulnerability 17 2.4 History of Community Based Child Care in Ethiopia 23 2.5 Services of Community Based Child Care Programs 25 CHAPTER THREE Research Method………………………………………………………………………… 30 3.1 Research Design 29 3.2 Study Area 31 3.3 Participants of the Study 31 3.4 Sampling 31 3.5 Data Collection Tools 32 3.5.1 Observation 33 3.5.2 In-depth Interview 33 3.6 Data Analysis Techniques 34 3.7 Ethical Considerations 35 CHAPTER FOUR Findings 36 4.1 Services Provided by Sele Enat Charitable Organization 36 4.2 The Economic and Social Impacts of Sele Enat Organization Child Sponsorship on Destitute Children and Their Families 42 4.2.1 The Economic Impacts of the Program 42 4.2.2 The Social Impacts of the Program 47 4.3 Opportunities and Threats of Sele Enat Organization Child Sponsorship Program 50 4.3.1 Opportunities of the program 50 4.7.2 Threats of the program 52 4.4 Strengths and Gaps of Sele Enat Organization Child Sponsorship Program 53 4.4.1 Strengths of the program 53 4.4.2 Gaps of the Program 57 4.5 Case Stories of Graduates 60 CHAPTER FIVE Discussion 66 5.1 Destitute Children in Ethiopia 66 5.2 Factors for Vulnerability of Children 67 5.3 Community Based Child Care 68 5.4 Services Provided by Sele Enat Child Sponsorship Program 68 5.5 Economic and Social Impacts Sele Enat Child Sponsorship Program 69 5.6 Strengths of Sele Enat Child Sponsorship Program 71 5.7 Gaps of Sele Enat Child Sponsorship Program 73 5.8 Implication of the Findings to Social Work Profession 74 CHAPTER SIX Conclusion and Recommendation 78 6.1 Conclusion 78 6.2 Recommendation 80 Reference 82 Annexes Abbreviations AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome CBO: Community Based Organization HIV: Human Immune Virus IGP: Income Generating Program MoLSA: Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs MOWA: Ministry of Women, Children and Youth Affairs MOJ: Ministry of Justice NGO: Non-Governmental Organization OVC: Orphan and Vulnerable Children UNICEF: United Nations Children Emergency Fund UNCRC: United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child Terms to Define Enjera: A circle bread mostly made of a grain named teff and a customary meal for Ethiopians Idir: A local institution initiated and lead by the members themselves and provides care and support for its members during mourning Iquib: A local saving and credit association that is administered by selected members Madego: An Ethiopian tradition of assuming the parenting of a child from the child’s biological or legal parent or parents, and, in so doing permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities along with filiation from the biological parent or parents (Tsegaye, 2008) Woreda: The smallest government administrative structure in Ethiopia Operational Definition of Terms Child: For the purpose of this study the term child refers to a child between the age of up to 18 and is part of the child sponsorship program of Sele Enat Charitable Organization Community Based Organization (CBO): refers to a public or private non-profit organization of demonstrated effectiveness that is representative of a community or significant segments of a community, and provides educational or related services to individuals in the community Destitute children: stands for children who are left without means of subsistence; deprived of their basic necessities such as food, clothing and shelter Needs: For the purpose of the study, the term needs refers to the economic and social needs of children Abstract This research has dealt with the contribution and impact of Sele Enat Charitable Organization in fulfilling the needs of destitute children and their families with a general objective to assess the services of the organization to measure their contribution and impacts The study has specific objectives of identifying the services provided by the organization, assessing the economic and social impacts of the service and identifying the strengths and gaps of the organization This research is a qualitative study The study followed descriptive phenomenological approach Using purposive sampling of client mothers, staff members of the organization, and graduate children who were part of the child sponsorship program with total number of 12 participants have participated in the study The data has been collected via observation and indepth interview that has been developed referring to different literatures and objectives of the research Thus, the findings of the study were analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods The process of data collection and data analysis were conducted concurrently In general, the findings of the research indicated that Sele Enat Charity Organization’s child sponsorship program has been delivering several services and brought significant economic and social impacts on the lives of destitute children and their families via providing monthly stipend for basic needs, clothing, educational support, health care service and women empowerment programs CHAPTER SIX Conclusion and Recommendation 6.1 Conclusion The researcher has examined the services provided by Sele Enat Charity Organization, economic and social impacts of the program, and its strengths and gaps The inferences hereafter draw on the findings The child sponsorship program of Sele Enat has brought significant economic and social impacts on destitute children and their families This is revealed by the improvement on the life styles of those families They have become able to provide their children with their basic needs and to send their children to school In addition, those families’ social involvements are improved because they are provided with their needs and they became able to afford expenses for social engagements However, the support has brought negative impacts on the client children and mothers such as the inferiority feeling and low self-esteem However, this study has proved that most families who have been supported through Sele Enat child sponsorship program could not have a sustainable change on their lives in a reasonable period of time Therefore, most of the clients stay in the program for long period of time Although Sele Enat child sponsorship program has included activities to address the psychosocial needs of the clients, the social impacts of the program are not as resilient as the economic impacts The organization need to strengthen the existing psychosocial services such as counseling and include new activities such as life skill training Besides, the unsatisfactory 78 social impact of the program is related to the limited amount of employees Therefore, the organization needs to address this gap so as to bring the intended social impact Sele Enat Organization has several strengths and gaps It has revealed lots of strengths such as providing destitute children with their basic needs and education while they remain in their familial setting, addressing the needs of both the destitute children and their families, integrating IGP to child sponsorship program, involving communities and the like However, Sele Enat has gaps such as creating dependency among the recipients, failing to bring sustainable impact such as attaining self-reliance and lack of transparency Therefore, Sele Enat Charity Organization needs to work hard to keep up those strengths and to address the gaps mentioned above According to the results of the study, community based child care deserves to be primary child care alternative for Ethiopian context considering its strengths These are the premises that lead the researcher to such kind of conclusion First, it is the only alternative that facilitate for children to be provided with their needs while they remain in their nuclear or extended families This implies that, destitute children will get their physical needs without being denied of their emotional and psychological needs In addition, our country is known for caring the orphan and the vulnerable through extended family system Community based child care has demonstrated its relevance to foster such kind of valuable social capital 79 6.2 Recommendation  Sele Enat Charity Organization needs to minimize the tendency of long term support so as to reduce dependency of clients on the program The more the clients stay in the support; they will develop the feeling of dependency and will not lose the courage to become self-reliant household heads Therefore, the organization needs to empower the household heading mothers to be self-reliant and graduate from the program than keeping them in the program for long This can be realized by strengthening the IGP to involve more client mothers The organization has to look for more donors that can ensure the sustainability of the IGP  In addition, Sele Enat Organization needs to raise their transparency to clients through several mechanisms such as arranging regular meetings to disclose information This can develop trust among Sele Enat staff and their clients In addition, the organization can prove its forward accountability for their clients to reduce the information gap  Moreover, Sele Enat Organization has to shift from the conventional needs based approach to the asset based community development in order to bring a sustainable impact on the lives of its clients The organization needs to identify the resources and capacities of the clients rather than emphasizing on their problems This approach shift leads to the better achievement of its ultimate organizational objective which is empowering its clients to become self-reliant citizens  Sele Enat staff members need to conduct regular follow ups on their clients via various mechanisms such as home visits This can enable the agency to be aware of the situations and progress of their clients This can be helpful to conduct program impact assessment as well 80  One of the major constraints of Sele Enat Organization is financial restraint to implement and expand the existing programs Besides, most gaps of the Sele Enat Organization such as limited number of staff members and turn over are related to financial constraint Therefore, the organization has to chase for more donors including local sources so as to reduce the financial restraint and to establish a sustainable financial base 81 Reference Amy Gilbert (2013) Community based child care in Ethiopia vs the individual centered model in the United States Loyola University Chicago Bethany Covey, Vincent Kan& Joseph Mann (2007) Promoting a Rights-Based Approach to Social Work in Hong Kong Better Care Network & United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2015) Making Decisions for the Better Care of Children Bruce Larson (2012) Exploring the Impact of the Community Based Care for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (CBCO) Program Center for Global Health and Development Boston University Cambodia National Religion King (2006) Policy on alternative care for children Center for Excellence for Looked After Children in Scotland (CELCIS) (2012) Moving forward: Implementing the guidelines for the alternative care of children Family Health International (2010) Improving care options for children in Ethiopia through understanding institutional child care and factors driving institutionalization Family Health International (2013) Assessment of community and family based child care services in Ethiopia Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Women's Affairs (2009) Alternative childcare guidelines.Addis Ababa Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2010) Standard service delivery guidelines for orphans and vulnerable children’s care and support programs Getachew Mequanent (2006) Community development and the role of community organizations: A study in northern Ethiopia 82 Helen V Graber, Sally Haywood, Nancy R Vosler (1996) An empowerment model for building neighborhood community: Grace Hill neighborhood services Journal of Progressive Human Services, Vol 7(2) The Haworth Press, Inc International Association for Community Development (2006) Does Asset Based Community Development Deliver Social Justice? Seminar Report SECC Glasgow, Scotland International Labor Organization (2013).World report on child labor Economic vulnerability, social protection and the fight against child labor Janet M Ruane (2005) Essentials of research methods: A guide to social science research Blackwell Publishing Jeffrey Clark (2000) Civil Society, NGOs and Development in Ethiopia The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank, Washington D.C John W Creswell (2007) Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches 2nd ed., University of Nebraska Lincoln Larry W Kreuger & W Lawrence Neuman (2014) Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches 7th ed., Pearson Education Limited Rhonda Philips and Robert H Pittman (2009) An Introduction to Community Development Routledge Publishers, New York, USA SOS Children’s Village International (2015) Children at risk: The world’s most vulnerable children Tsegaye Chernet (2008) Overview of service for orphans and vulnerable children in Ethiopia Wassie Kebede, Melese Getu & Desalegn Negeri (2011) Insights from participatory development approaches in Ethiopia: Analysis of testimonials and field practices Oxfam Canada/Ethiopia Program Office 83 World Health Organization (2006) Working with street children: Monitoring and evaluation of a street children project 84 Annex I Consent Form My name is Tigist Bazezew I am a Masters student at school of social work, Addis Ababa University I am doing a research on the contribution of community based child care in fulfilling the needs of destitute children I would like to ask for your permission to participate voluntarily in this study I am interested to know about the community based child care program of Sele Enat Organization and the economic and social impact it has brought on your child and the overall family During this process, I would like to assure you that your identity will not be disclosed to anyone This is to protect your privacy and confidentiality of the information you provide I will use tape recorders to correctly record the conversations we did, and the recordings will be locked in a safe place and will not be exposed to anyone The notes and tapes will be destroyed after the study is completed and approved by the School of Social Work By participating in this interview, you will contribute to the success of my study You are free to answer questions only if you want to so You may not answer questions if you feel uncomfortable You can ask questions at any time during the interview and in case you not understand the questions or in case you feel tired and you want to continue later, that will be your choice Finally I would like you to confirm your agreement by signing on the space provided bellow I am really grateful for your cooperation for the success of the study Participant Signature _ Date 85 Annex II Interview guide for clients How long have you been in Sele Enat child sponsorship program? What you for living and how much you earn in interval? How you describe your family and your life standard in comparison with the time before you joined Sele Enat child sponsorship program? How you describe the support you receive from Sele Enat? What does the provision from the child care program include? Do you know about the criteria required to join the program and the rules and regulations to adhere to after you join the support? What kind of economic and social impacts the support has brought on you and your family’s life? Does it bring any significant change? Why? What is the benefit of family based support for the overall family beyond your sponsored children? What are the strengths and the gaps of the program you have noticed so far? Is there anything you suggest for the agency to include in the community based child care program so as to make the support effective? 10 Finally you can add if you have any idea which is not discussed so far Thank you for your cooperation! 86 Annex III Interview guide for graduate children How long have you stayed in SeleEnat child care program? When did you graduate from the program and in what condition you were when you graduated? How you describe the support you received from SeleEnat? What did the provision from the child care program include when you were in the program? What kind of economic and social impacts the support has brought on your life? What is the benefit of family based support for the overall family beyond you? Can you mention any strengths and gaps of the program from your experience? Is there anything you suggest for the agency to include in the community based child care program so as to make the support effective? Finally you can add if you have any idea which is not discussed so far Thank you for your cooperation! 87 Annex IV Interview guide for agency staff members Can you tell me your responsibility in Sele Enat organization any how that makes you to work towards/with clients? Can you briefly describe the community based child care program since its emergence? You can mention the time of establishment, number of clients and so on What are the criteria of admission to the child sponsorship program? How many children can be admitted from a family? Why? What are the objectives intended to be achieved from this program? What are the activities and provisions included in the child care program? What economic and social impacts the child care program has brought on the clients’ lives? Does it bring any significant change? Why? What are the opportunities and traits you have faced so far while implementing this program? What strengths and weaknesses have you noticed so far in the implementation process? 10 Do you think the child sponsorship program has achieved the goals of its establishment? 11 How is the reflection of clients towards the program? 12 Is there any near future plan regarding the child care program? 13 Finally you can add if you have any idea which is not discussed so far Thank you for your cooperation! 88 የስምምነት ውል ትዕግስት ባዘዘው እባላለሁ:: በአዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርስቲ የሶሻል ወርክ ትምህርት ክፍል ውስጥ የማስተርስ ተማሪ ነኝ:: አሁን ማህበረሰብ አቀፍ የልጆች ክብካቤ ለችግር የተጋለጡ ህፃናትን ፍላጎት በማሟላት ረገድ ስላለው አስተዋፅኦ ጥናት እየሰራሁ ነው:: ስለዚህ እርስዎም በዚህ ጥናት ላይ በፈቃደኝነት እንዲሳተፉ በትህትና እጠይቃለሁ:: በስለ እናት የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅት ስለሚደረገው ማህበረሰብ አቀፍ የልጆች ክብካቤ እና ድጋፉ በልጅዎ እና በመላው ቤተሰብዎ ላይ ስላለው ኢኮኖሚያዊ እና ማህበራዊ ለውጥ ለማወቅ እሻለሁ:: በጥናቱ ውስጥ ሲሳተፉ ማንነትዎ እንደማይገለፅ እና የሚሰጡትም መረጃ በሚስጥር እንደሚያዝ ላረጋግጥልዎት እወዳለሁ:: የሚሰጡትን መረጃ በአግባቡ ለመያዝ ፈቃደኛ ከሆኑ የድምፅ መቅረጫ እጠቀማለሁ:: የተቀረፁት የቴፕ ካሴቶች ከጥናት ሰሪው በስተቀር ማንም በማያገኘው ቦታ ተቆልፈው ይቀመጣሉ:: የተፃፉት ማስታወሻዎች እና የተቀረፁት የቴፕ ካሴቶች ጥናቱ እንደተጠናቀቀ እና በሶሻልወርክ ትምህርት ክፍል እንደፀደቀ ይደመሰሳሉ:: በዚህ ቃለ መጠይቅ ላይ በመሳተፍዎ ጥናቱ የተሳካ እንዲሆን አስተዋጾ ያደርጋሉ:: ጥያቄዎችን ለመመለስ ፈቃደኛ ከሆኑ ብቻ ይመልሳሉ:: ጥያቄዎችን ለመመለስ ካልፈለጉ መተው ይችላሉ። ቃለመጠይቁ እየተካሄደ በማንኛውም ሰአት ያልተረዱት ነገር ካለ መጠየቅ ይችላሉ:: ከደከመዎት ወይም አርፈው መቀጠል ከፈለጉም የእርስዎ ምርጫ ይሆናል:: በመጨረሻም መስማማትዎን ከስር ባለው ክፍት ቦታ ላይ በመፈረም እንዲያረጋግጡልኝ በትህትና እጠይቃለሁ:: ለጥናቱ መሳካት ስለሚያደርጉት ትብብርም ከልብ አመሰግናለሁ:: የተሳታፊ ፊርማ _ ቀን _ የተጠቃሚዎች መጠይቅ በስለ እናት የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅት የህፃናት ስፖንሰርሺፕ ፕሮግራም ውስጥ ለምን ያህል ጊዜ ቆይተዋል? እርስዎ ቤተሰብዎን ለማስተዳደር ምን ይሰራሉ? ምን ያህል ገቢስ ያገኛሉ? 89 አሁን ያለውን የእርስዎን እና የቤተሰብዎን የኑሮ ሁኔታ ከስለ እናት የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅት ድጋፍ ማግኘት ከመጀመርዎ በፊት ካለው ሁኔታ ጋር ሲነፃፀር እንዴት ይገልጹታል? ከስለ እናት የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅት የሚያገኙትን ድጋፍ እንዴት ይገልፁታል? ድጋፉ ምን ምን ያካትታል? የህፃናት ስፖንሰርሺፕ ፕሮግራሙን ለመቀላቀል የሚያስፈልጉትን መስፈርቶች እና ፕሮግራሙን ከተቀላቀሉ በኋላ ማክበር ስላለባችሁ ህጎች እና ደንቦች ያውቃሉ? ከህፃናት ስፖንሰርሺፕ ፕሮግራም የሚያገኙት ድጋፍ በእርስዎ እና በቤተሰብዎ ህይወት ላይ ምን አይነት ኢኮኖሚያዊ እና ማህበራዊ ተፅዕኖ አምጥቷል?ድጋፉ ይህ ነው የሚባል ተጨባጭ ለውጥ አምጥቷል? ለምን? ቤተሰብ አቀፍ ድጋፉ በህፃናት ስፖንሰርሺፕ ፕሮግራሙ ከታቀፈው ልጅ ባለፈ ለአጠቃላይ ቤተሰቡ ያለው ጥቅም ምንድን ነው? እስከ አሁን ያዩአቸው የፕሮግራሙ ጠንካራ እና ደካማ ጎኖች ምን ምን ናቸው? የህፃናት ስፖንሰርሺፕ ፕሮግራሙን ለማሻሻል እና ድጋፉን ውጤታማ ለማድረግ ለድርጅቱ የሚያቀርቡት የማሻሻያ ሃሳብ አለዎት? በመጨረሻም እስከአሁን ያላነሳነው ተጨማሪ ሃሳብ ካለዎት መጨመር ይችላሉ:: ስለትብብርዎ አመሰግናለሁ! ከፕሮግራሙ ተመርቀው ለወጡ ተጠቃሚዎች የተዘጋጀ መጠይቅ በስለ እናት የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅት የህፃናት ስፖንሰርሺፕ ፕሮግራም ውስጥ ለምን ያህል ጊዜ ቆይተዋል? ከስፖንሰርሺፕ ፕሮግራሙ መቼ ተመረቁ? ተመርቀው ከፕሮግራሙ ሲወጡ በምን አይነት ሁኔታ ላይ ነበሩ? 90 ከስለ እናት የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅት ያገኙት የነበረውን ድጋፍ እንዴት ይገልፁታል? እርስዎ በፕሮግራሙ ውስጥ በነበሩ ሰአት ድጋፉ ምን ምን ያካትት ነበር? ከስለ እናት የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅት ያገኙት የነበረው ድጋፍ ህይወትዎ ላይ ምን አይነት ኢኮኖሚያዊ እና ማህበራዊ ተፅዕኖ አምጥቷል? ቤተሰብ አቀፍ ድጋፉ ከእርስዎ ባለፈ ለአጠቃላይ ቤተሰብዎ የነበረው ጥቅም ምንድን ነበር? በፕሮግራሙ ውስጥ በነበሩ ጊዜ ከነበረዎት ልምድ በመነሳት የፕሮግራሙን ጠንካራ እና ደካማ ጎኖች ምን ምን ነበሩ? አሁን ያለውን የህፃናት ስፖንሰርሺፕ ፕሮግራም ለማሻሻል እና ድጋፉን ውጤታማ ለማድረግ ለድርጅቱ የሚያቀርቡት የማሻሻያ ሃሳብ አለዎት? በመጨረሻም እስከአሁን ያላነሳነው ተጨማሪ ሃሳብ ካለዎት መጨመር ይችላሉ:: ስለትብብርዎ አመሰግናለሁ! ለድርጅቱ ሰራተኞች የቀረበ መጠይቅ በስለ እናት የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅት ውስጥ ያለዎት የስራ ድርሻ ምንድን ነው? ይህ የስራ ድርሻስ እንዴት ነው ከተጠቃሚዎች ጋር እንድትሰራ የሚያደርግህ? የስለ እናት የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅትን የህፃናት ስፖንሰርሺፕ ፕሮግራም በአጭሩ ሊገልፁልኝ ይችላሉ? የተጀመረበትን ጊዜ የተጠቃሚዎችን ቁጥር እና የመሳሰሉትን ነገሮች መጥቀስ ይችላሉ:: የህፃናት ስፖንሰርሺፕ ፕሮግራሙን ለመቀላቀል የሚያስፈልጉት መስፈርቶች ምን ምን ናቸው? ከአንድ ቤተሰብ ውስጥ ምን ያህል ልጆች የህፃናት ስፖንሰርሺፕ ፕሮግራሙ መቀላቀል ይችላሉ? ለምን? ይህ ፕሮግራምሲመሰረት ሊያሳካቸው የታሰቡት አላማዎች ምንድን ነበሩ? ይህ የህፃናት ክብካቤ ፕሮግራም የሚያካትታቸው ተግባሮች እና ድጋፎች ምን ምን ናቸው? 91 ይህ የህፃናት ክብካቤ ፕሮግራም በተጠቃሚዎች ላይ ምን አይነት ኢኮኖሚያዊ እና ማህበራዊ ለውጦች አምጥቷል? ድጋፉ ይህ ነው የሚባል ተጨባጭ ለውጥ አምጥቷልብለው ያስባሉ? ለምን? ይህን ፕሮግራም ስትተገብሩ ያጋጠሟችሁ እድሎች እና ተግዳሮቶች ምን ምን ናቸው? እስከ አሁን ድረስ ይህን ፕሮግራም ስትተገብሩ የነበሯችሁ ጠንካራ እና ደካማ ጎኖች ምን ምን ናቸው? 10 ይህ የህፃናት ክብካቤ ፕሮግራም የተመሰረተበትን ግቦች አሳክቷል ብለው ያስባሉ? 11 ተጠቃሚዎቹ ስለፕሮግራሙ ያላቸው አስተያየት ምን ይመስላል? 12 የህፃናት ክብካቤ ፕሮግራሙን በተመለከተ የተያዘ የቅርብ ጊዜ እቅድ አለ? 13 በመጨረሻም እስከአሁን ያላነሳነው ተጨማሪ ሃሳብ ካለዎት መጨመር ይችላሉ:: ስለትብብርዎ አመሰግናለሁ! 92 .. .The Contribution and Impact of Sele Enat Charitable Organization in Fulfilling the Needs of Destitute Children and Their Families By Tigist Bazezew A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate... research has intended to assess the contribution of community based organizations in fulfilling the needs of destitute children and their families focusing on Sele Enat Charitable Organization Therefore,... of Sele Enat Charitable Organization in fulfilling the needs of destitute children and their families with a general objective to assess the services of the organization to measure their contribution