Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school TENSES (THÌ) I Bảng tóm tắt tổng quát Past tenses (các khứ) Simple (đơn) V2/ed Present tenses (các tại) Vo/s,es Future tenses (các tương lai) will + Vo Continuous (tiếp diễn) was / were + V-ing am/is/are + V-ing will + be + V-ing be + V-ing Perfect (hoàn thành) had + V3/ed have/has + V3/ed will have + V3/ed h _+ V3/ed Perfect continuous had + been + V-ing have/has + been + V-ing will have been + V-ing (hoàn thành tiếp diễn) 1) I, you, we, they, số nhiều  Vo – have He, she, it, số ít, không đếm  Vs,es – has 2) Để phủ định thì, ta thêm not (n’t) sau trợ động từ (will, have, has, had) be (am, is, are, was, were) 3) Để tạo thành dạng câu hỏi Yes-No, ta đem trợ động từ (will, have, has, had) be (am, is, are, was, were) trước chủ ngữ 4) Riêng đơn khứ đơn trợ động từ muốn thêm not đem trước chủ ngữ phải mượn trợ động từ • (Vo) đơn (chủ ngữ I, You, We, They, số nhiều) • does (Ves)  đơn (chủ ngữ He, She, It , số ít) • did (V2)  khứ đơn Khi có trợ động từ, động từ phải trở nguyên mẫu II Trạng từ nhận biết 1) Hiện đơn (Present Simple) • every:  every morning (mỗi buổi sáng), every day (mỗi ngày) • once a week (một lần tuần), twice a month (2 lần tháng), three times a year,… • Trạng từ tần xuất: always, usually, often, sometimes, generally, rarely, never,… 2) Hiện tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) • now, right now, at the present, at the moment, at this time, today • câu mệnh lệnh: Look! Be quiet! 3) Hiện hoàn thành (Present Perfect) • • • • never: chưa bao giờ, ever: có bao giờ, • just: vừa • • • • • • • • • • • 4) since + mốc thời gian (since 2000 / last summer ) for + khoảng thời gian (for ages / two years) already: how long: before: trước recently, lately: gần yet: chưa (dùng câu phủ định câu hỏi) many times, several times: nhiều lần in the past (ten) years: (mười) năm qua, in the last (ten) years: mười (năm) gần so far, up to now, up to the present: this is the first time / the second time: lần đầu / lần thứ hai Quá khứ đơn (Past Simple) last: last year (năm ngoái), last month (tháng rồi)… ago (cách đây): three years ago (cách năm), minutes ago (cách phút)… yesterday: ngày hôm qua, this morning: sáng Ms Pham Kim Ngan • English 10 Binh Chanh high school in + thời gian khứ: in 1992 5) Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past continuous) • at + cụ thể + yesterday, all day yesterday (cả ngày hôm qua) 6) Tương lai đơn (Future Simple) • tomorrow (ngày mai), tonight (tối nay) • next (tới): next week, next month… • in + khoảng thời gian: in minutes 7) Tương lai hoàn thành (Future perfect) • By + đơn • By the time + đơn III Adverbial clauses of time 1) He was waiting for me when he saw his old friend While Peter was writing a letter last night, the light went out Câu ghép hành động dài, xảy while Quá khứ tiếp diễn (while, when) Quá khứ hành động ngắn, chen vào Quá khứ đơn when (yesterday, last) 2) Yesterday, my father was watching TV while my mother was cleaning the house Câu ghép (while) hành động dài, xảy song song lúc Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ (yesterday, last) 3) Before Nam went to school this morning, he had had breakfast They worked for Mr Green after they had graduated from university Câu ghép Quá khứ Hành động xảy trước Quá khứ hoàn thành Hành động xảy sau Quá khứ đơn (yesterday, last) • before, when, by the time, until … + khứ đơn, vế lại khứ hoàn thành • after , because + khứ hoàn thành, vế lại khứ đơn 4) They have taught English since they graduated from university Hiện hoàn thành Hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn Qúa khứ đơn Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school since 5) When he comes here tomorrow, we will go to the cinema Tương lai đơn Tương lai gần Câu mênh lệnh when/ before/ until/ as/ as soon as/ whenever PRACTICE: Choose the best answer I _this film twice A see B saw C will see –Peter, please help me the washing up – Sorry, Mum I TV A watch B am watching C had watched The farmers _ in the field now A were working B have worked C worked The war _ out three years ago A broke B had broken C has broken He a cup of coffee every morning A drinks B drank C is drinking Up to the present, Nam _ good work in his class A does B has done C had done At present, that author a historical novel A is writing B was writing C has written By next month, I _ my first novel A will finish B am going to finish C finish Phong at the university so far A had worked B was working C worked 10 How long _ able to drive? – since 1990 A could you B have you been C were you 11 They since eight o’clock A are talking B have been talking C talk 12 My brother _ in the army from 1990 to 1995 A served B has served C had served 13 This is the most interesting book _ A I’ve read B I had read C I’ve ever read 14 I him ten days ago A see B saw C have seen 15 It is raining now it began raining two hours ago It for two hours A has rained B had rained C is raining raining 16 He his job last month and since then he out of work A has lost/ is B had lost/ was C lost / has been 17 At this time tomorrow, my father in London A is arriving B has arrived C will be arriving 18 We began to jog A before three year B three years ago C three years past years 19 The baby _ Don’t make so much noise A sleep B sleeps C slept 20 He will finish this work before you _ here tomorrow A leave B will leave C would leave 21 The train _ when we got to the station A just left B just leaves C had just left 22 I was working in the garden, John was repairing the washing machine Hiện đơn D have seen D watched D are working D was breaking D has drunk D did D had written D will have finished D has worked D are you D talk D is serving D I had ever read D will see D has been D lost/ had been D would arrive D the past three D is sleeping D are going to leave D will leave Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school A as soon as B because of C while D until 23 Tom _ before we arrive there A has left B had left C will leave D leaves 24 After he _ his English course, he went to England to continue his study A will finish B has finished C had finished D will have finished 25 How since we school? A are you/ left B will you be / left C have you been/ had left D have you been/ left 26 Before cars _ , people horses and bicycles A were discovered/ had used B discovering/ use C is discovered/ using D have been discovered / have been using 27 Don’t go anywhere until I _ back A come B will come C have come D came 28 I _ the book by the time you come tonight A will be finishing B finished C have finishing D will have finished 29 Who when I came ? A were you talking to B are you talking to C you were talking to D you are talking to 30 Please send us a postcard as soon as you _in London A will arrive B is going to arrive C arrive D arrived 31 We for going home when it began to rain A are preparing B were preparing C will be preparing D have prepared 32 At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning, we _ our final test A will take B will be taking C has been taking D would be taking 33 Our grandfather as an engineer for 30 years before he retired in 1980 A worked B was working C has been working D had been working 34 Miss Hoa always takes her umbrella when she _ to school A has gone B goes C is going D will go 35 I’ll marry her as soon as she _ all her problems A solves B has solved C had solved D solve 36 My son was sleeping when I home A went B has gone C had gone D would go 37 Lan has learnt English since she a small girl A has been B had been C was D would be 38 After , he went to bed A had done his homework B have done his homework C being done his homework D doing his homework 39 While I in the street, I saw my old friend A was walking B am walking C walk D walked 40 He died after he ill for a long time A was B had been C has been D is 41 I her since I _ a student A know/ am B knew/ was C have known/ am D have known/ was 42 At this time tomorrow, we our final exam A will have taking B will be taking C will be taken D would take 43 After she _ at the hospital for years, she _ to give up the job yesterday A had been working/ decides B had been working/ decided C working / had decided D is working/ will decide 44 After _ Tom was apprenticed to learn a trade A leave B leaves C left D leaving 45 – Why have they demolished that old building? – They a new supermarket there A had built B were building C are going to build D would be built 46 After the doctor found that he his arm A to examine/ breaks B to examine/ broke C examining/ broken D examining/had broken Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 47 I was compiling this book while my son A slept B would sleep Binh Chanh high school C had slept D was sleeping 48 Yesterday when I _ at the station, the train _ for 15 minutes A arrived/ had left B arrives/ has left C arrived/ left D had arrived/ C have reminded D reminded C has closed D was closing left 49 When we see Mr Minh tomorrow, I him of that A will remind B remind 50 The manager the store before I arrived A closed B had closed CHANGE TENSES (CHUYỂN ĐỔI THÌ) Notes HTHT (+) : have/has + V3/ed HTHT (-) : have/has + never/not + V3/ed QKĐ (+) : V2/ed S + HTHT (-) … for + thời gian (tg) I haven’t seen you for ten years It is + tg + since + S + (last) + QKĐ (+) It is ten years since I (last) saw you Practice   She hasn’t seen her uncle for months It is I haven’t talked to my brother for years It is S + HTHT (-) …since tg / for tg I haven’t seen you since 2000 The last time +S + QKĐ (+) + was + in tg / tg ago The last time I saw you was in 2000 Practice   He hasn’t studied French since October The last time I haven’t talked to my brother for years The last time S + HTHT (-) + since + QKĐ We haven’t seen her since she left university S + last + QKĐ (+) + when + QKĐ We last saw her when she left university Practice   He hasn’t studied French since he moved to London He last I haven’t talked to my brother since I went abroad I last Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school S + HTHT (-) + before not / never + It is the first time + S + HTHT (+) It is the first time/ This is the first time before I have never eaten this kind of food before It is the first time I have (ever) eaten this kind of food Practice   He hasn’t seen such a beautiful girl before It is I haven’t tried Indian food before This is S + started/began + to V (V-ing) + in + năm / when + QKĐ / S + have/has + V3/ed + since … / thời gian + ago for … have has + been + V-ing He began studying English in 2010 He has studied English since 2010 Practice   He started to learn English years ago He has I began playing football when he studied at Binh Chanh secondary school I have ***When + did + S + Vo? ó How long + have / has + S + V3/ed / been V-ing ? Eg: When did you start learning English? How long have you learned / been learning English? Practice When did you stat to play football?  How long How long is it since you last talked to him?  When After + QKHT (hành động trước), QKĐ (hành động sau) Before + QKĐ (hành động sau), QKHT (hành động trước) Eg: He watched TV, then he went to bed  After he had watched TV, he went to bed  Before he went to bed, he had watched TV Practice    Tom did his homework and then he went home Before After I finished my homework and then read a newspaper Before Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school  After UNIT 1: A DAY IN LIFE OF… A READING I 1) 2)  3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13)  14) 15) 16)  17) 18) 1)  Vocabulary daily routine /'deili ru:'ti:n/ (n) alarm (n) /ə'lɑ:m/ alarm clock boil (v) several = many field (n) plough /plau/ (v) harrow /'hærou/ (n,v) fellow /'felou/ (n) = friend peasant /'pezənt/ (n) = farmer repair (v) bank (n) plot (n) land (n) plot of land pump /pʌmp/ (v) into transplant /træns'plɑ:nt/ (v) = the transplanting neighbor /'neibə/ (n) neighborhood /'neibəhud/ (n) crop (n) occupation = job = profession = career content (v) be contented with = be satisfied with Ex: II 2) 3) 4) 5) III 1) Phrases go off = ring get ready = prepare take a rest = have a break have breakfast/ lunch / dinner Structure Lead + someone + to + somewhere Ex: 2) It takes + someone + time + to V  S + spend + time + V-ing Ex: IV Tasks Task 1: True or False? If the sentences are false, correct them 1) Mr Vy has a big breakfast _ 2) He leaves house at 5:15 3) In the afternoon, Mrs Tuyet pumps the water into the field while Mr Vy does the transplanting _ Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 4) They never go and see their neighbors _ Binh Chanh high school Task 2: Answer the questions 1) Is Mr Vy a farmer? 2) What time does he have lunch with his family? B SPEAKING I I Review: Cách hỏi trả lời Hỏi What time is it? = What’s the time? II Trả lời 1) Giờ tròn It’s o’clock • 7:00 - It’s o’clock 2) Giờ không tròn Cách (đơn giản) It’s - phút • • 7:15 - It’s seven – fifteen 9:45 – it’s nine – forty five Cách (phức tạp) Đổi: 15 phút  (a) quarter 30 phút  half a) Giờ (1-30 phút) b) Giờ It’s phút past • • It’s (60- phút) to (giờ + 1) • 7:05 – It’s five past seven 9: 30 – It’s half past nine • 9: 45 – It’s (a) quarter to ten (15 phút tới 10 giờ) 6:55 – It’s five to seven Practice 9:00: 8:15 6:20 7:50 11:30 8:25 4:45 1:45 II Speaking activity 1) Hỏi trả lời thời gian biểu NOTE: Some daily activities get up go home go to school play soccer Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school play games go out watch tv listen to the radio homework go to bed What time + do/does + S + Vo… S + V (hiện đơn) + at + 1) What time you get up?  I get up at o’clock 2) What time does Quan get up?  He gets up at o’clock • • • • • • • • • Name • Activities • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Time • 2) Hỏi trả lời thời khóa biểu môn học • Have + môn học + lesson • • Maths = Mathematics • History • Physic: • Geography • Biology • Civic education • Chemistry • Physical education • Literature • Information technology Ms Pham Kim Ngan Binh Chanh high school C LISTENING • I 1)  2) 3) 4) 5) 6) II English 10 Vocabulary cyclo (n) cyclo driver: drop (v) pedal /'pedl/ (v) purchase /ˈpəːtʃɪs/ (n) passenger /ˈpasɪndʒə/ (n) pupil /ˈpjuːpl/ (n) Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks • Hello everyone, my name is Lam I’m a (1) _ in HCM City I usually have a busy working day I get up at (2) _ in the morning I start work at (3) _ My first passenger is usually an old man I take him from District to District After I drop him at a cafe near HCM City College of Education, I pedal to Thai Binh Market My next (4) _ is a lady who does shopping there every two days I help her put all her purchases into the cyclo and then take her to her shop in Tran Hung Dao Street At about (5) _ I ride off toward Nguyen Thi Minh Khai School There I park my cyclo, chat with some of my fellows and wait for my third passengers They are two school pupils, a (6) and a boy I take them home At twelve I (7) at a food stall near Ben Thanh Market After lunch, I park my cyclo under a tree, take a short rest and then continue my afternoon’s work • D WRITING (textbook) • E LANGUAGE FOCUS I Present simple tense 1) Cách dùng: Sự thật hiển hiên / Thói quen, hành động lặp lặp lại /Lịch trình, thời khóa biểu 2) Dấu hiệu every • once a week (một lần tuần), twice a week (2 lần tuần), three times a week (ba lần tuần), four times a week (bốn lần tuần), • Trạng từ tần xuất: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, rarely… • 3) Hình thức  To be (động từ đặc biệt): am, is are • I  am • He, she, it, số ít, không đếm  is • You, we, they, số nhiều  are • • (+) S + be… • (-) S + be + not… (is not = isn’t, are not = aren’t , am not: viết tắt) • (?) Be + S…? •  Động từ thường • (+) I, you, we they, số nhiều + V0 (động t nguyên mẫu, không thay đổi) 10 Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school 23) recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ (v) = advice II Tasks • TASK 1 • TASK • INTERVIEW     Which channel you like best? I like best Which program you like best? I like best • • • • • • • • • • NAME • FAVORITE CHANNEL • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • FAVORITE PROGRAMME • • B SPEAKING • Kinds of mass media • • • • • Vocabulary orally : through mouth aurally: through ears 42 Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school visually: through eyes provide (v) receive (v) deliver (v) • C LISTENING I II Vocabulary flood /flʌd/ (n) raise /reɪz/ (v) heavy (adj)  heavily cloudy (adj) Listen and choose the best answer • The time is o’clock and here is the news summery • (1) _ during the night has caused floods all over the country today Many people have left their homes because rivers have risen Some roads in the north-west are under two metres of water The rain has stopped (2) , but it’s still cloudy and there is a strong wind Because of the ( )_ _ _ people can’t go out to work • A ninety – year-old woman has climbed Mount Whitney in California for the twenty – third times At (4) _ metres, Mount Whitney is the highest mountain in California The woman says the view from the top is (5) _ She also says that the mountain has kept her young and healthy In spite of her old age, the woman tries to climb the mountain (6) • I   10  11 12  • I D WRITING Vocabulary and expression help + O + Vo / to V / with V-ing make + Vo / adj present (v) in an affective away increase (v) popular (adj) popularity (n) (of) aware /əˈweə(r)/ (v) of awareness (n) = knowledge passive (adj) # active (adj) take time away: violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ (adj) violence (n) interfere /ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)/ (v) with communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ (v) communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n) E LANGUAGE FOCUS Thì hoàn thành • Trạng ngữ hoàn thành • • Since + mốc thời gian (1992, last year, yesterday, hành động khứ…) For + khoảng thời gian (three month , one year, a long time, ages…) 43 Ms Pham Kim Ngan • II • • English 10 Binh Chanh high school Exercise page 80 textbook Because of in spite of ( + N/ V-ing) Because of: Inspite of/ despite: • Example • He won the race because of the rain (Anh ta thắng đua nhờ trời mưa)  trời mưa điều kiện thuận lợi He won the race in spite of the rain (Anh ta thắng đua dù trời mưa)  trời mưa điều kiện bất lợi • • • • • Nghĩa Bởi • • Mặc dù Dạng theo sau Mênh đề (S + V ) • Because •  • • Because of •  • • Although • 1) • 2) • 3) • 4) • 5) • Inspite of / • • •  despite It looks like they’re going to succeed their present difficulties A.because of B although C because D in spite of _ the sky was gray and cloudy; we went camping on the beach A.because of B although C because D in spite of He had an accident he drove carelessly A.because of B although C because D in spite of Mary couldn’t go to school _ her poverty A.because of B although C because D in spite of We got lost _ we didn’t have a map A.because of B although C because D in spite of • Cách chuyển • • • • Noun (phrase) / V-ing  •  • because  because of • •   • •  although  Inspite/ despite 1) Nếu chủ ngữ mệnh đề giống nhau: Bỏ chủ ngữ, động từ thêm ING • … because + S + V … • … because of + (sở hữu) + V-ing Lưu ý: mệnh đề because có chủ ngữ với mệnh đề không cần chuyển sở hữu • Example: • I was punished because I came home late • I was punished because of (my) coming home late 2) Nếu chủ từ danh từ + be + tính từ: Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ, bỏ to be • … because • … because of + (the, this, my, his ) + • Example: + (the, this, my, his ) + danh từ thường + be + adj adj 44 + danh từ thường Ms Pham Kim Ngan • • English 10 Binh Chanh high school We couldn’t go out because the weather was bad ĐỔI CHÉO BỎ BE We couldn’t go out because of the bad weather 3) Nếu mệnh đề gồm đại từ + be + tính từ : Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu, đổi tính từ thành danh từ, bỏ be • …because + S (đại từ nhân xưng: I, You, We, They, He, She, It) • … because of + Tính từ sở hữu : my, your, our, their, his, her, its) + be + adj (tính từ) + N (danh từ tính từ) • Lưu ý: Chuyển tính từ thành danh từ: đa số thêm ness • sick  sickness, ill  illness, rich  richness, late  lateness, happy  happiness, careful  carefulness,  careless  carelessness, tired  tiredness, poor  poverty, old  age, • Example: • I couldn’t go to school because I was sick • I couldn’t go to school because of my sickness CHUYỂN – BỎ - CHUYỂN Nếu mệnh đề gồm đại từ + động từ + trạng từ: Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ, 4) trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ • Although he behaved impolitely, • Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior, … 5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ: Thì bỏ there be • Although there was an accident, • Despite / in spite of an accident, Một số trường hợp đặc biệt 6) • Although a special guest attended suddenly in the party, … • In spite of the sudden attendance of a special guest in the party, … • Exercise        Although he is clever, he is lazy In spite of He cried bitterly because he was painful Because of Although he was ill, he went to school Despite Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car In spite of Although his book was successful, he decided not to write any more Despite Because the cost of living in Britain is high, there are few tourists here this year Because of The plane took off though the weather was bad In spite of She left him because he was too rude to her 45 Ms Pham Kim Ngan   10  11  12  13  14  15  16  English 10 Binh Chanh high school Because of You will pass the exam because you work very hard Because of Although they tried all their best, they lost the game Despite Although he didn’t speak English, John decided to settle in America Despite Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late In spite Because he drove carelessly, he had an accident Because of Because of his poverty, he had to sell their house Because In spite of his age, Mr Benson runs for four miles before breakfast Although There were a lot of accidents because of the icy road Because 17 In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies  Even though 18  19  20  Because of the rough sea, the ferry couldn’t sail Because In spite of his suffering from a bad cold, William still went to school Although Because of speaking English well, she can get the job Because • • • I 1)  2)  3) 4)  5)  6) 7) 8) 9)   10) 11) UNIT 8: THE STORY OF MY VILLAGE A READING Vocabulary poor /pɔː(r)/ /pʊə(r)/ ( adj) poverty /ˈpɒvəti/ (n) village (n) villager (n) made of straw /strɔː/ (n) mud /mʌd/ (n) short /ʃɔːt/ (adj) shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ (n) manage (v) = try + to V farming methods /ˈfɑːmɪŋ ˈmeθəd/ result /rɪˈzʌlt/ (n,v) in crop /krɒp/ (n) bumper crop = good crop cash crop: crop to be sold, not for use export /ɪkˈspɔːt/ # import /ˈɪmpɔːrt/ (n,v) lifestyle /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/ (n) = way of life 46 Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school improve the lifestyle brick /brɪk/ (n), (adj) for entertainment shopping = go shopping thanks to make ends meet = earn enough money in need of many things better one’s life = make one’s life better = improve one’s life II Tasks  12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) • Task page 83 • Task 2: Answer the question     How was the village many years ago? Why did the villager want to send their children to school and college in spite of their shortages? What did the children when they came back from college or technical high school? What exactly does he tell his grandchildren? • B SPEAKING widen the roads raise and resurface the roads build a medical center build a football ground grow a cash crop build a bridge over a canal a shorter way to town • C LISTENING I II Vocabulary atmosphere (n) pull (v) down in the middle of cut (v) down turn (v) into Listen and choose the best answer • Popffero used to be a small (1) _ town on the sound coast of England But it has become a crowded and busy tourist (2) _ now They’ve completely destroyed its old atmosphere The small old houses have been pulled down, and tall (3) _ have been put there instead They’ve also built a big (4) in the middle of the town The narrow streets have been widened and resurfaced, so the big (5) _ on the two sides of the streets have been cut down The large area of grass land in the suburbs of the town has been turned into an ugly car (6) _ Even the old corner shop isn’t there anymore It has been replaced by a big (7) _ And there is an expensive (8) where there used to be an old tea shop Many people in Popffero are (9) with the changes as there are more jobs for them But some people don’t like the changes, they miss the quiet and (10) _l life of the old town • D WRITING Câu đường • come out of: khỏi 47 Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school • • • • • • • • • • keep walking: tiếp tục go straight: thẳng go over (a bridge): qua (cầu) walk past: qua take the (first) turning on the left/ right = turn left / right: rẽ trái / phải come to an end of the road: đến cuối đường Giới từ vị trí opposite: đối diện in front of # behind: trước # sau next to: bên cạnh near: gần • You can’t miss it E LANGUAGE FOCUS • Bảng đối chiếu III • • • Nghĩa N • • S ố • (s in g ul ar ) • S ố n hi ều • • • • • • • • Ch T Tôi I Bạn • Yo Y • người nam He người nữ • • Sh H • • • Nhiều người, có (chúng ta) • Các bạn • We • M y • Y o u r • H i s • H e r • It s • O u r • Y It • U • T í n h t s h ữ u • H • It 48 M • Nó • • • • • • • Đ i • Đại từ phả n thân • Mys elf • Your self • Him self • Hers elf • Itself • Ours elves • Your t s • • • • • • • h ữ u M i n e Y o u r s H i s H e r s I t s O u r s Y Ms Pham Kim Ngan • (p lu l) English 10 Yo • • Nhiều người, (họ) Binh Chanh high school o u r Y • • Th T • T h e ir • • IV o u r s T h e i r s selve s • The msel ves Cách chuyển câu tường thuật dang phát biểu (statements: câu khẳng định phủ định) • • Tom said “I will pick you up tomorrow, Mary” vế vế I Vế • Trường hợp 1: S + said + (that): không cần người nghe (vế ngoặc chữ you) • Trường hợp : S + said to/ told + người nghe: câu cho sẵn người nghe (thường ngoặc, cuối câu ngoặc) • Trường hợp 3: S + said to/told + me: cần người nghe (có chữ you vế trong) mà đề không cho II Vế Bỏ dấu ngoặc Chuyển danh xưng câu • (cùng cột) • Tôi  người nói • Bạn  người nghe • Chúng  họ • • • • • • • Lùi Hiện đơn  khứ đơn Hiện tiếp diễn  khứ tiếp diễn Hiện hoàn thành  khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ đơn  khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành  giữ nguyên Tương lai  tương lai khứ (would + Vo) Can, may, shall, must  could, might, should, had to • Lùi theo dấu hiệu • • • • • • • • am, is, are (not)  was, were (not) was, were (not)  had (not) been Vo / s /es  V 2/ed V2/ed  had + V3/ed do/does + not + Vo  did + not +Vo did + not + Vo  had + not + V3/ed has, have  had will, can, may, shall, must  would, could, might, should, had to Chuyển tính từ trạng từ 49 Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school • • • • • • • • • • • This  that These  those Here  there Now  then Today  that day Tonight  that night Ago  before Yesterday  the day before / the previous day Tomorrow  the day after / the following day / the next day Next week  the week after / the following week / the next week Last week  the week before/ the previous week • Bài tập 1)  2)  3)  4)  5)  6)  7)  8)  9)  10)  11)  12)  13)  14)  15)  There is an accident ”, said the policeman Paul said, “ I must go home now.” Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to this exercise.” She said that “I am going to the museum with my classmates now” Tom said, “ I haven’t had lunch with my friends for ages “ “ I don’t have much time to enjoy myself “, said Lan They said that “We are going to the supermarket with our daughters at this time” “I lived with my parents last year” he said The girl said “We stayed at home yesterday” My sister said “I want to show you my new dress” Marry told me, “I saw them at this place” “I saw Tom yesterday but he didn’t see me” Marry said The teacher said, “You must the exercise carefully” Mother said, “I have something to show you, Tom” Tom said to Marry, “I want to invite you, your friend and mine to my birthday party next week” • • WORD FORMATIONS • (CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TỪ) I • • • Kí hiệu n = noun: danh từ adj = adjective: tính từ adv = adverb: trạng từ 50 Ms Pham Kim Ngan • II • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • English 10 Binh Chanh high school v = verb: động từ Cách nhận dạng Danh từ (n) -ment -tion/sion/son -ness -ty/cy/gy -ics -ship -ism -ence / ance -ture -dom -er/or/ist/an/can (danh từ người) • • • • • • • • • • Tính từ (adj) -ive -y / ly -al/ic -ble -ous -ent / ant -ful / less -ing / ed • • • Trạng từ (adv) -ly • • • • • • • Động từ (v) -ate -ize -ify -en en- • Cách điền từ loại 1) A / an / the / this / that / these / those / tính từ sở hữu (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) / sở hữu cách (danh từ’s) + DANH TỪ (n) 2) [A / an / the / this / that / these / those / tính từ sở hữu (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) / sở hữu cách (danh từ’s) + TÍNH TỪ (adj) + DANH TỪ (n) + tính từ (adj) 3) Be (am, is, are, was, were, been) 4) TRẠNG TỪ (adv), câu • Câu adv 5) adv + ĐỘNG TỪ + adv • adv + adj • + V3/ed (bị động) • + V –ing (tiếp diễn) [ trạng từ đứng đầu câu, ngăn cách với câu dấu phẩy] [ trạng từ đứng cuối câu xét dấu hiệu khác không có] [trạng từ đứng trước đứng sau bổ nghĩa cho động từ] [trạng từ đứng trước tính từ bổ nghĩa cho tính từ] 6) Xen cụm động từ tạo thành bị động TRẠNG TỪ • be + adv + V3/ed • 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) can/must/could… + adv + Vo Giới từ (in, on, of, about, for, in, without …) + DANH TỪ (n) V-ing Đứng đầu câu, làm chủ ngữ DANH TỪ (n) V-ing S+V+O Linking verb (look, seem, smell, taste, become, find…) + TÍNH TỪ (adj) make + O + adj 51 • STRESS (TRỌNG ÂM) I • Từ có âm tiết Động từ  trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ • Ex: be'gin, be'come, for'get, en'joy, re'lax, de'ny, re'veal,… Ngoại lệ: 'answer, 'enter, 'happen, 'offer, 'open… • Danh từ  trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ • Ex: 'children, 'hobby, 'habit, 'labour, 'trouble, 'standard… Ngoại lệ: ad'vice, ma'chine, mis'take… • Tính từ  trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ • Ex: 'basic, 'busy, 'handsome, 'lucky, 'pretty, 'silly… Ngoại lệ: a'lone, a'mazed, … II Từ ghép • Động từ ghép  trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ • Ex: be'come, under'stand • Danh từ ghép  trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ • Ex: 'birthday, 'airport, 'bookshop, 'gateway, 'guidebook, 'filmmaker,… • Tính từ ghép  trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ • Ex: 'airsick, 'homesick, 'carsick, 'airtight, 'praiseworthy, 'trustworth, 'waterproof, … Ngoại lệ: duty-'free, snow-'white … • Các tính từ ghép có thành phần tính từ trạng từ, thành phần thứ hai tận –ed  trọng âm rơi vào thành phần thứ (có ed) • Ex: ,bad-'tempered, ,short-'sighted, ,ill-'treated, ,well-'done, well-'known… III Hậu tố tiền tố • Trọng âm rơi vào vần sau: sist, cur, vert, test, tain, tract, vent, self • Ex: e'vent, sub'tract, pro'test, in'sist, main'tain, my'self, him'self … • Hậu tố: -ee, - eer, -ese, -ique, -esque, -ain  trọng âm rơi vào • Ex: ag'ree, volun'teer, Vietna'mese, re'tain, main'tain, u'nique, pictu'resque, engi'neer… Ngoại lệ: com'mittee, 'coffee, em'ployee… • Hậu tố –ic, -ish, -ical, -sion, -tion, -ance, -ence, -idle, -ious, -iar, ience, -id, -eous, -acy, -ian, -ity  trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết liền trước • Ex: eco'nomic, 'foolish, 'entrance, e'normous … • Hậu tố –graphy, -ate, –gy, -cy, -ity, -phy, -al  trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ từ lên • Ex: eco'nomical, de'moracy, tech'nology, ge'ography, pho'tography, in'vestigate, im'mediate,… • Hậu tố -ment, -ship, -ness, -er/or, -hood, -ing, -en, -ful, -able, -ous, -less  không làm thay đổi trọng âm từ gốc • Ex: ag'ree – ag'reement, 'meaning – 'meaningless, re'ly – re'liable, 'poison – 'poisonous, • Tiền tố không làm thay đổi trọng âm từ gốc • Ex: dis'cover, re'ly, re'ply, re'move, des'troy, re'write, im'possible, ex'pert, re'cord, …  •  •  • /iz/: động từ tận s, ss, ch, sh, x, z (hoặc -ze), o, ge, ce Examples: watches, boxes, bridges, buses, crashes, buzzes… /s/: động từ tận th, p, k, f ,t Examples: cooks, stops, laughs,… /z/: lại Examples: plays, loves,…  •  •  • /id/: động từ tận t, d Examples: wanted, needed, /t/: động từ tận k, th, p, f, s ,ch, sh Examples: cooked, watched,… /d/: động từ tận lại Examples: played, loved,… • CÁCH PHÁT ÂM S, ES • CÁCH PHÁT ÂM ED • IRREGULAR VERBS • (BẢNG ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Infinitive arise awake be (am,is,are) bear beat become begin bit bind bite blow break bring build burn burst buy catch choose come cost cut draw Past arose awoke was,were bore beat became began bade bound bite blew broke brought built burnt burst bought caught chose came cost cut did drew Past Participle arisen awoke , awaked been borne,born beaten become begun bit,biden bound bitten blown broken brought built burnt burst bought caught chosen come cost cut done drawn Nghĩa dậy , lên tỉnh dậy, đánh thức thì,là, mang,chịu,sinh đánh thành, trở thành bắt đầu lệnh buộc, làm dính vào cắn thổi làm vỡ, bẻ gãy mang lại,đem tới xây dựng đốt cháy nổ tung,bùng nổ mua bắt,chụp lựa, chọn đến giá, trị cắt làm kéo, vẽ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • dream drink drive lùa,săn đuổi eat fall feed feel fight find fly forbear nhịn,chịu đựng forbid cản foretell đoán forget forgive freeze get give go grow hang have hear hide hold hurt thương keep know lead lay lean learn leave lend let lie light lửa lose make mean meet mistake hiểu sai melt chảy overcome overhear overspread dreamt drank droke dreamt drunk driven mơ mộng uống đưa đi, lái xe, dồn ate fell fed felt fought found flew forbore eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forborn ăn ngã, rơi nuôi, cho ăn cảm thấy đánh, chiến đấu tìm thấy bay, lái (máy bay) kiêng cữ, forbade forbidden không cho phép, ngăn foretold foretold tiên đoán ,nói trước, dự forgot forgave froze got gave went grew had heard hid held hurt forgotten forgiven frozen got, gotten given gone grown had heard hidden held hurt quên,bỏ qua tha thứ đong lại, đóng băng nhận ,kiếm cho, đưa cho lớn lên, mọc lên treo có nghe thấy ẩn , trốn, che dấu nắm, giữ làm đau, làm tổn kept knew led laid leant learnt left lent let lay lit kept known led laid leant learnt left lent let lain lit giữ gìn, bảo quản biết dẫn dắt, lãnh đạo để, đẳt, đẻ trứng dựa vào học, nghiên cứu, biết bỏ lại, rời khỏi cho vay để, cho phép nằm dài đốt , thấp (đèn ), nhóm lost made meant met mistook lost made meant met mistaken mất, đánh mất, thất lạc làm, chế tạo có nghĩa, muốn nói gặp gỡ lầm lẩn , phạm sai lầm, melted molten làm chảy lỏng, nấu overcame overheard overspread overcome overheard overspread vượt qua nghe lỏm, nghe lan ra, phủ khắp • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • overhang lửng pay put read ride ring rise run saw say see hiểu seek sell send set shake shine shoot show biểu lộ shut sing sink sit sleep sling smell speak chuyện speed độ spell spend qua spread stand steal stick strike strive swear sweep swim swing take teach bảo tear tell think thrive mạnh overhung overhung nhô trên, treo lơ paid put read rode rang rose ran sawed said saw paid put read ridden rung risen run sawn said seen trả tiền đặt , để đọc cưỡi (ngựa xe), xe rung chuông mọc lên chạy cưa nói xem xét, nhìn , thấy, sought sold sent set shook shone shot showed sought sold sent set shaken shone shot shown tìm kiếm bán gởi, phát để, đặt, lập nên lắc, lay, rung, đu đưa chiếu sáng bắn, phóng mạnh chỉ, cho xem, trưng bày, shut sang sank sat slept slung smelt spoke shut sung sunk sat slept slung smelt spoken đóng lại hát đấm, chìm, nhận chìm ngồi ngủ ném, luyện, bắn ná ngữi thấy nói, phát biểu, nói sped sped nhanh, chạy tốc spelt spent spelt spent đánh vần tiêu xài, dùng , sống spread stood stole stuck struck strove swore swept swam swung took taught spread stood stolen stuck struck striven sworn swept swum swung taken taught trải ra, mở rộng đứng ăn trộm, đánh cắp dán dính đánh, đập, đánh vào cố gắng, nỗ lực thề, tuyên thệ, chửi thề quét bơi lội lắc lư, đu đưa ,dao động lấy dạy, hướng dẫn, dạy tore told thought throve torn told thought thriven làm rách, xé nói, kể lại, bảo nghĩ, tưởng thịnh vượng, phát triển • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • throw understand upset wake ,đánh thức wear weep win thành công wind co,uốn khúc wind withstand wring write threw understood upset woke thrown understood upset woken ném, luyện, quăng hiểu lật đổ, lộn ngược thức giấc , tỉnh dậy wore wept won worn wept won mặc ,mang ,đeo khóc, chảy nước mắt thắng, đánh thắng, wound wound cuộn lại,văn,quanh wound withstood wrung wrote wound withstood wrung written thổi (tù và) chống cự, chịu đựng ép, vắt (cho khô) viết ... English 10 Binh Chanh high school • how far (khoảng cách) how long (khoảng thời gian) • how often how old (… years old) • how many + danh từ đếm số nhiều how much + danh từ... chickens looking for food 103 ) .The children’s passion for taking pictures has stimulated them and helped them escape their sorrow D WRITING 104 ) Textbook page 50, 51 105 ) 106 ) E I The... thường • (+) I, you, we they, số nhiều + V0 (động t nguyên mẫu, không thay đổi) 10 Ms Pham Kim Ngan English 10 Binh Chanh high school • He, she, it, số ít, không đếm + V s/es (động từ thêm s es –