Career Development Interventions 5th Edition Spence G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Publisher to insert cover image here Chapter 15 Ethical Issues in Career Development Interventions Developed by: Jennifer Del Corso Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Classifying Practitioner Behavior • Ethical and Legal • Ethical and Illegal Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey • Unethical and Legal • Unethical and Illegal Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Relevant Ethical Codes for Career Practitioners • American Counseling Association (ACA) • National Career Development Association (NCDA) • American Psychological Association (APA) • International Association of Educational and Vocational Guidance (IAEVG) • American School Counselor Association (ASCA) Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Ethical “Rules of Thumb” • Dual relationships with the potential to exploit client trust and vulnerability are unethical • Consult with professional colleagues who understand career interventions when unsure about how to resolve a dilemma • Be aware of client’s values and those imbedded in career intervention models Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Ethical Dilemmas vs Moral Temptations • Kidder (1995) contends that an ethical dilemma occurs only in instances when there are competing “rights” or there is a struggle to determine the “least bad” course of action • The struggle between right and wrong is seen as a moral temptation • A code of ethics cannot guarantee ethical behavior Moreover, a code of ethics cannot resolve all ethical issues confronting career practitioners Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Using Principles to Resolve Ethical Decisions • Van Hoose (1986) recommended that counselors use ACA’s five principles to guide their ethical practice:      Autonomy Nonmaleficence Beneficence Justice Fidelity (Herlify & Corey, 1996, p 4-5) Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Additional Principles • Beauchamp and Childress (2001) identified additional relevant principles to guide professional-client relationships:  Veracity: Tell the truth and not lie or deceive others  Privacy: Allow individuals to limit access to information about themselves  Confidentiality: Allow individuals to control access to information they have shared Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Virtue Ethics • Corey and Herily (2006) offer six virtue ethics to consider:       discernment or prudence, respectfulness, integrity, self-awareness, acknowledgement of emotions, connectedness with community Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved ASCA (2010) Ethical Dilemma Process  Consult confidentially with a professional colleague  Confront the colleague about the behavior in question  Document all action steps taken  Utilize the established channels for addressing ethical concerns  If the matter remains unresolved, contact the relevant state professional association or national association Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved The Role of Values • Values assumptions underlie all questions (and answers) related to ethical behavior in career development interventions • Values are orienting beliefs about what is good for the clients and how that good should be achieved (Bergin, 1985, p 99) • The ACA Code of Ethics (2014) requires counselors to be aware of the client’s values and the values embedded in career development intervention models • Herr and Niles (1988) stress that counselors need to be cognizant of the values being propagate at the national level Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Progress on Ethical Challenges Facing Career Counselors • Standard counseling ethics: confidentiality, counseling relationships, professional responsibilities, and relationships with other professionals are clear; while other ethical requirements are not • The National Career Development Association has developed guidelines for using the Internet in career service delivery (1) to deliver occupational information, (2) to provide on-line job searches, and (3) to deliver interactive career counseling • The latest revision of the NCDA (2015) ethical standards recognizes career professionals’ responsibility for advocacy on behalf of their clients and for social justice Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved NCDA Ethical Standards (2015) • Section A: The Professional Relationship • Section B: Confidentiality, Privileged Communication, and Privacy • Section C: Professional Responsibility • Section D: Relationships with other Professionals • Section E: Evaluation, Assessment, and Interpretation • Section F: Providing Career Services Online, Technology, and Social Media • Section G: Supervision, Training, and Teaching • Section H: Research and Publication • Section J: Resolving Ethical Issues Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Ethical Standards and Ethical Practice for Career Counselors • Offer only services they are competent to offer • Respect and value individual differences among clients and potential clients • Treat information received from and about clients as owned by the client and held in trust by the counselor Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Ethical Standards continued • Do not engage in any professional relationship in which the counselor’s objectivity and ability to work for client’s welfare might be impaired • Assume professional responsibility for clients and, if unable to assist, help the client obtain alternative services • Recognize they have obligations to other members of the profession and to society to act in responsible ways and to consider the effects of their behavior on others Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Using an Ethical Decision-Making Model • Forester-Miller and Davis (1996) provide an ethical decision making model for professional counselors that can be applied to career counseling:  Step 1: Identify the problem  Step 2: Apply the NCDA Code of Ethics  Step 3: Determine the nature and dimensions of the dilemma Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Using an Ethical Decision-Making Model (Continued) • Step 4: Generate possible courses of action • Step 5: Consider the potential consequences of all options and choose a course of action • Step 6: Evaluate the selected course of action • Step 7: Implement the course of action selected Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris-Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved ... Ethical and Legal • Ethical and Illegal Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris -Bowlsbey • Unethical and Legal • Unethical and. .. shared Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris -Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Virtue Ethics • Corey and. .. Career Development Interventions, 5th Edition Spencer G Niles and JoAnn E Harris -Bowlsbey Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved NCDA Ethical Standards (2 015)