TháI Hồng Lơng giáo dục đào tạo trờng đại học bách khoa hà nội luận văn thạc sĩ kỹ thuật điện tử viễn thông 2010 2012 Hà Nội 2012 ngành: điện tử viễn thông Quản lý tàI nguyên vô tuyến đảm bảo chất lợng dịch vụ mạng không dây băng rộng sử dụng chế ofdma-tdd TháI hồng lơng Ngời hớng dẫn: PGS.TS nguyễn hữu Hà Nội - 2012 giáo dục đào tạo trờng đại học bách khoa hà nội luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật Quản lý tàI nguyên vô tuyến đảm bảo chất lợng dịch vụ mạng không dây băng rộng sử dụng chế ofdma-tdd ngành : điện tử viễn thông m số: CA100074c3.04.3898 TháI hồng lơng Ngời hớng dẫn: pgs.ts nguyễn hữu Hà nội 2012 Lí LCH KHOA HC (Dựng cho hc viờn cao hc) I S lc lý lch: H v tờn: Thỏi Hng Lng Gii tớnh: Nam Sinh ngy: thỏng nm 1972 nh 4x6 Ni sinh (Tnh mi): Thnh ph Vinh Tnh Ngh An Quờ quỏn: Thnh ph Vinh Tnh Ngh An Chc v: Phú giỏm c n v cụng tỏc: Trung tõm vin thụng Nghi Lc Vin thụng Ngh An Ch riờng hoc a ch liờn lc: Khi 8, Phng i Cung, TP.Vinh, Tnh Ngh An in thoi CQ: 0383861209 ; in thoi NR: 0383854444; in thoi di ng: 0914516777 Fax: E-mail: thluong7472@yahoo.com.vn II Quỏ trỡnh o to: Trung hc chuyờn nghip (hoc cao ng): - H o to: Cao ng chớnh quy Thi gian o to: t 12/1995 n 5/1999 - Trng o to: i hc Bỏch khoa H Ni - Ngnh hc: in t - vin thụng Bng tt nghip t loi: Trung bỡnh i hc: - H o to: i hc ti chc Thi gian o to: t 11/2004 n 12/2006 - Trng o to: Hc vin Bu chớnh vin thụng H ụng H Ni - Ngnh hc: in t vin thụng Bng tt nghip t loi: Gii Thc s: - H o to: Thc s k thut Thi gian o to: t 4/2010 n 04/2012 - Chuyờn ngnh hc: K thut in t vin thụng (KT) - Tờn lun vn: Qun lý ti nguyờn vụ tuyn v m bo cht lng dch v mng khụng dõy bng rng s dng c ch OFDMA-TDD - Ngi hng dn Khoa hc: PGS.TS Nguyn Hu Thanh Trỡnh ngoi ng (Bit ngoi ng gỡ, mc no): Chng ch B1 Chõu u III Quỏ trỡnh cụng tỏc chuyờn mụn k t tt nghip i hc: Thi gian Ni cụng tỏc Cụng vic m nhn 1/2007-8/2008 Trung tõm Vin thụng Nghi Lc K thut viờn 9/2008- Trung tõm Vin thụng Nghi Lc Phú giỏm c IV Cỏc cụng trỡnh khoa hc ó cụng b: Tụi cam oan nhng ni dung vit trờn õy l ỳng s tht TP.Vinh, ngy 26 thỏng nm 2012 NGI KHAI Kí TấN Thỏi Hng Lng LI CAM OAN Tờn tụi l Thỏi Hng Lng, hc viờn lp cao hc in t- Vin thụng, khoỏ 2010- 2012, Trng i hc Bỏch khoa H Ni Tụi xin cam oan ni dung bn Lun hon ton l kt qu tỡm hiu, nghiờn cu ca bn thõn trờn c s hng dn ca PGS.TS.Nguyn Hu Thanh, ging viờn khoa in t - Vin thụng, i hc Bỏch Khoa H Ni Trong lun tụi cú tham kho mt s ti liu v ngoi nc v cú lit kờ y mc ti liu tham kho Lun khụng chộp t bt k ngun ti liu no Tụi xin hon ton chu trỏch nhim i vi bn lun ca mỡnh Vinh, ngy 26 thỏng nm 2012 Ngi thc hin Thỏi Hng Lng MC LC MC LC T VIT TT DANH MC CC BNG DANH MC CC HèNH M U CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V MNG WIMAX 12 1.1 Gii thiu 12 1.2 S phỏt trin ca chun IEEE 802.16 12 1.3 Lp vt lý IEEE 802.16 16 1.3.1 iu ch a súng mang OFDM v a truy nhp OFDMA 17 1.3.2 Cỏc c t lp vt lý 18 1.3.3 Mó húa v iu ch thớch nghi 20 1.3.4 H thng antenna thớch nghi 21 1.4 Lp MAC IEEE 802.16 21 1.4.1 MAC h tr lp vt lý 23 1.4.1.1 Ch TDD 23 1.4.1.2 Ch FDD 25 1.4.2 C ch truy nhp kờnh truyn 26 1.4.3 Cỏc lp dch v QoS 27 1.4.4 Kin trỳc lp lch 28 1.4.5 Phõn a ngi dựng 30 CHNG 2: TNG QUAN V THUT TON LP LCH 32 2.1 Thut toỏn lp lch v yờu cu ca 32 2.2 Mt s thut toỏn lp lch 34 2.2.1 Thut toỏn Round Robin (RR) 34 Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 2.2.2 Thut toỏn max C/I 35 2.2.3 Thut toỏn ChannelAware Round Robin (CARR) 35 2.2.4 Thut toỏn Proportionate Fair Scheduling (PF) 37 2.2.5 Thut toỏn cross-layer 38 2.2.6 Thut toỏn lp lch gúi tin (UEPS) 40 CHNG 3: THIT K B LP LCH 45 3.1 Mụ hỡnh h thng 45 3.2 Mụ hỡnh kờnh fading 46 3.3 Thut toỏn lp lch xut 47 3.3.1 Hm u tiờn 47 3.3.2 Cp phỏt khe thi gian 49 CHNG 4: THUT TON PHN B TN S THCH NG TRONG H THNG OFDMA 50 4.1 Gii thiu 50 4.2 C cu khung v ký hiu 51 4.3 Tớnh toỏn 55 4.4 Thut toỏn Heuristic 56 4.5 X lý lp MAX v lp PHY 61 4.6 Kt lun 64 CHNG 5: NH GI C TNH HOT NG CA MT S THUT TON LP LCH TRONG OFDMA 66 5.1 Phõn tớch hiu nng 66 5.1.1 tr trung bỡnh 66 5.1.2 Thụng lng 67 5.2 Kt qu mụ phng 68 5.2.1 Thit lp cỏc thụng s mụ phng 68 Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 5.2.1.1 Mụ hỡnh kờnh 68 5.2.1.2 Mụ hỡnh h thng 69 5.2.2 Kt qu mụ phng 70 5.2.2.1 Phõn bit hiu nng tr ca s APF 70 5.2.2.2 Thụng lng ca h thng APF 75 5.2.2.3 Tỏc ng ca Traffic load n s APF 77 5.2.2.4 Tỏc ng ca s SS n s APF 78 5.2.3 So sỏnh vi cỏc s lp lch khỏc 83 5.2.3.1 So sỏnh vi RR v PF 83 5.2.3.2 So sỏnh vi s Cross layer 86 KT LUN V KIN NGH 90 TI LIU THAM KHO 92 Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 T VIT TT AMC Adaptive modulation and Coding APF Adaptive Proportional Fairness BE Best Effort BER Bit Error Rate BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BS Base Station CBR Constant Bit Rate CSI Channel State Information DCD Downlink Channel Descriptor FDD Frequency Division Duplex FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access FFT fast Fourier transforms FTP File Transfer Protocol HDR High Data Rate LOS Line Of Sight MAC Medium Access Control max C/I Macximum Carrier-to-Interference ratio NLOS Non-Line Of Sight nrtPS non-real-time Polling Service OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access PDU Protocol Data Unit PF Proportional Fairness PHY Physical Layer PMP Point to Multi-Point PS Physical Slot QAM Quarter Amplitude Modulation Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 QoS Quality of Service QPSK quaternary phase shift keying RR Round Robin rtPS real time Polling Service SCa Single Carrier SDU Service Data Units SNR Signal to Noise Ration SS Subscriber Station TDD Time Division Duplex TDMA Time Division Multiple Access UGS Unsolicited Grant Service UCD Uplink Channel Descriptor VBR Variable Bit-Rate VoIP Voice over IP WLAN Wireless Local Area Networks WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 82 Ti ca UGS, rtPS, nrtPS [4, 10, 50] (d) Ti ca UGS, rtPS, nrtPS [4, 9, 19] (e) Ti ca UGS, rtPS, nrtPS [8, 20, 40] (f) Hỡnh 5.5 Thụng lng APF theo s SS Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 83 n õy, ta ó phõn tớch hiu nng ca APF vi mt vi c im quan trng v cú th túm tt nh sau: S APF xp hng tt c cỏc loi dch v ca mt nhng s o u tiờn thng nht, ú s dng m ttham s Ti nhn s khỏc bit cỏc dch v phc thc hin l thp S kim soỏt tr trung bỡnh cú th c thc hin bng cỏch t ng iu chnh Ti Núi cỏch khỏc, hp cỏc Ti thớch hp cho tt c cỏc loi dch v cú th c chn ỏp ng s rng buc tr Tn dng nhng u im ca s PF quy nh, APF cú th t c thụng lng h thng cao bt k giỏ tr ca Ti Tc d liu ti thiu ca mi loi dch v l chc chn bo m Nhng li th ca APF khỏ rừ rng h thng cú ti lu lng nng v quy mụ s SS ln Kh nng m rng l t c Ngoi ra, cỏc phng phỏp xỏc nh giỏ tr ca tham s Ti c quy nh : Cụng thc: cú th c s dng c lng giỏ tr gn ỳng ca Ti Giỏ tr Ti nh cú th lm nh hng ỏng k v s o u tiờn Vi Ti cng tng, iu kin kờnh Wi(t) l nhõn t chớnh s o u tiờn thay i t t Ti l mt tham s tha hip gia hai yờu cu cnh tranh: tr trung bỡnh v thụng lng Ti ca UGS v rtPS cn c nh hn nhiu so vi ca nrtPS Vic tng giỏ tr ca Ti lm tr trung bỡnh ca hng i liờn quan tng lờn 5.2.3 So sỏnh vi cỏc s lp lch khỏc 5.2.3.1 So sỏnh vi RR v PF Vi lp lch RR, vic truy cp mi hng i ca cỏc dch v UGS, rtPS hoc nrtPS l bng S lng khe thi gian c n nh cho mi hng i c xỏc nh theo yờu cu Ta khụng th lp lch ti nguyờn theo tng khung Mi hng Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 84 i c phc v theo vũng Dung lng cũn li ca khe thi gian hin ti s c phõn b cho hng i BE thuc cựng SS i vi lp lch PF, s o u tiờn c nh ngha l t l hiu qu ca tc d liu hin ti trờn tc phc v trung bỡnh: Trong ú Ri(t) c nh ngha l tc lp li: Xem xột tc d liu dnh riờng ti thiu l khụng phự hp cho cỏc dch v lu lng khỏc nhau, ta bỡnh thng húa thụng lng trung bỡnh Ri(t) ca mi kt ni bng cỏch chia cho tc d liu ti thiu Hm u tiờn mi c vit li : S o u tiờn ny khỏ ging vi s APF, ngoi tr Tc l hng s cho tt c cỏc kiu dch v Trong mụ phng ta thit lp Tc=100 tr trung bỡnh s APF (a) Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 85 tr trung bỡnh s RR (b) Hỡnh 5.6 So sỏnh tr trung bỡnh ca APF vi s RR v PF (a) tr trung bỡnh trờn RR (b) tr trung bỡnh trờn PF tr trung bỡnh s APF (a) Thụng lng ca APF (b) Hỡnh 5.7 So sỏnh thụng lng ca APF vi s RR v PF Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 86 (a) Thụng lng trờn RR (b) Thụng lng trờn FF Nh ó xỏc nh trờn, RR v PF khụng th cung cp mc u tiờn cho cỏc lp lu lng Hỡnh 5.6(a) v 5.6(b) cho thy hai s lp lch ny i mt vi nhng khú khn vic cung cp ba tr thc hin khỏc RR cung cp s ln truy cp nh cho tt c cỏc hng i bt k iu kin kờnh ca ngi dựng, dn n s cụng bng v thụng lng kờnh rt thp, ngoi tr trung bỡnh ca nú cng thp hn nhiu so vi s APF Hỡnh 5.7(a) cho thy thụng lng h thng ca s RR thp hn rt nhiu so vi cỏc s khỏc Mt bt li khỏc ca s lp lch RR l khụng t c s phõn a ngi dựng Ngc li, hỡnh 5.7(b) cho thy thụng lng tng h thng ca s PF gn nh t ti a li phõn cú ca s PF c phõn tớch tro ng [27], ó chng minh s PF l hiu qu vic xem xột cht lng kờnh v s cụng bng Nu khụng xem xột cỏc rng buc dch v ca cỏc ng dng khỏc nhau, PF l mt s lp lch hp dn õy l lý m s PF ó thu hỳt c nhiu s quan tõm 5.2.3.2 So sỏnh v i s Cross layer gii quyt nhng khú khn h tr nhiu loi hỡnh dch v, s lp lch cross-layer c thit k Cỏc s o u tiờn c a cho tng loi hng i Trong mụ phng, cú mt s khe thi gian dnh riờng c nh c cp phỏt cho cỏc kt ni UGS Vi dch v UGS, b lp lch cross-layer s dng nguyờn tc ca b RR s cỏc SS i vi dch v rtPS v nrtPS, ta thc hin theo cỏc thut toỏn c mụ t phn 2.2.5 Tuy nhiờn, ta khụng n nh mt khe thi gian c th cho cỏc kt ni BE m ch s dng ti nguyờn cũn li Cỏc tham s cha xỏc nh c túm tt nh sau: Nr: s lng cỏc khe thi gian dnh cho cỏc kt ni UGS rt, nrt : cỏc h s ca cỏc lp dch v rtPS v lp dch v nrtPS õy BE ta khụng xem xột Tb: tr rng buc vi rtPS Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 87 Tc: kớch thc ca s c lng tc truyn trung bỡnh Nm tham s thit lp s lp lch cross-layer c thit k Tuy nhiờn, [15] ch a nhng thụng s ny qua th nghim m khụng cung cp nhng phõn tớch nh hng ca cỏc tham s tỏc ng Mt khỏc, cỏc s o u tiờn cho rtPS v nrtPS cú ý ngha vt lý khỏc Nú khụng chng minh nhng lý t chỳng liờn quan vi xỏc nh th hng ca hng i Bng Thit lp cỏc thụng s cross-layer Trng hp Nr rt nrt Tb Tc 0.8 0.6 10 100 0.7 0.6 10 100 tr trung bỡnh s APF (a) tr trung bỡnh s APF (b) Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 88 Thụng lng ca APF (c) Hỡnh 5.8 So sỏnh s APF vi s Cross layer (a) tr trung bỡnh vi trng hp (b) tr trung bỡnh vi trng hp (c) Thụng lng h thng vi trng hp ỏnh giỏ hiu qu ca s cross-layer, trng hp ta thit lp cỏc tham s c lit kờ bng theo ngh ca [15] tr trung bỡnh ca tng loi hỡnh dch v c biu din hỡnh 5.8(a) Mc dự cross-layer cú th phõn bit cỏc loi dch v nhng rừ rng l thụng lng h thng v tr ca tng loi dch v khụng tt so vi s APF Ta tip tc mụ phng theo trng hp vi cỏc thụng s tng ng c lit kờ bng v nhn c kt qu minh trờn hỡnh 5.8(b) Kt qu mụ phng cng ch rng, hiu nng h thng iu kin ca tr trung bỡnh v thụng l ng h thng xu hn so vi s APF Nu khụng cú bt k cỏch ti p cn xỏc nh cỏc thụng s, cú th tt c cỏc dch v ny khụng m bo t c cỏc yờu cu QoS Nh vy, li th ca s cross-layer l ch cú kh nng u tiờn cho nhng khỏc bit tng i ca cỏc lp dch v Kt lun chng: Chng ny ó ỏnh giỏ chi tit hiu nng ca s lp lch APF Kt qu mụ phng cho thy thut toỏn xut khai thỏc c li th ca s PF, nõng cao thụng lng h thng v phõn bit cỏc dch v gii hn Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 89 ca tr trung bỡnh So sỏnh vi cỏc s RR, PF v cross- layer, s APF tt hn s phõn bit cỏc dch v v tho cỏc yờu cu QoS Nhỡn chung, s APF l hiu qu, cú kh nng m rng, v thut toỏn lp lch n gin Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 90 KT LUN V KIN NGH Trong lun ny ny, thut toỏn lp lch cho h thng da trờn OFDMA ó c xut cho WiMAX Thay vỡ phõn loi cỏc hng i vi cỏc s lp lch khỏc nhau, mt s o u tiờn thng nht c nh ngha n nh u tiờn cho mi hng i õy l s o u tiờn da trờn khỏi nim ca s lp lch PF n gin vic thc hin Ngoi ra, s APF em n s tho QoS v tr trung bỡnh cho mi kt ni Nghiờn cu hiu nng ca s ny v kt qu mụ phng cho thy rng thut toỏn xut t c cỏc yờu cu v s khỏc bit ca dch v v m bo thụng lng cho tt c cỏc loi dch v Hn na, thao tỏc vi cỏc giỏ tr Ti vi cỏc tr nht nh c cung cp, xỏc nhn thụng qua mụ phng So sỏnh vi cỏc s RR, PF v cross- layer, s APF tt hn s phõn bit cỏc dch v v cung cp QoS Nhỡn chung, s APF l hiu qu, cú kh nng m rng, v thut toỏn lp lch n gin Trong lun ny, s APF c trin khai lp lch truyn d liu ng xung Tuy nhiờn, s ny cú th d dng m rng cho ng lờn Hn na, mc dự ta ỏnh giỏ hiu nng ca s APF mt mng IEEE 802.16, s trin khai s l mt thut toỏn tng hp cho mng da trờn OFDMA vi nhiu tớnh nng QoS cho cỏc ng dng khỏc Nú phự hp cho mng khụng dõy tng lai, bao gm c mng di ng t bo, mng khụng dõy EEE802.11 v IEEE802.15 Lp lch lu lng cho bn lp dch v h thng WiMAX l khỏ nhiu thỏch thc nghiờn cu ti Cú rt nhiu cn c tip tc nghiờn cu thờm thc hin thc t, vic c lng chớnh xỏc giỏ tr Ti thớch hp cn tip tc nghiờn cu hn na Ta s tip tc nghiờn cu rng buc tr nh th no cú th hon ton thao tỏc m bo bng giỏ tr ca Ti S cụng bng l mt s o quan trng ỏnh giỏ hiu nng ca mt s lp lch Vic tớnh toỏn s cụng bng ca s APF s tip tc thc hin Xem xột cỏc iu kin kờnh trung bỡnh s cỏc SS l khỏc t mi SS khỏc, ta cú th thit lp Ti khỏc cho cỏc kt ni khỏc cung cp y QoS cho mi lung lu lng Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 91 Mt mụ hỡnh lu lng tng quỏt c gi nh lun ny Tuy nhiờn, mụ hỡnh lu lng bin i s tỏc ng n hiu nng ca s Tỏc ng ny cn c nghiờn cu thờm S xut APF hot ng ph thuc vo CSI hon ho Vic o lng kờnh khụng tin cy cú th dn n quyt nh sai thc hin cỏc s iu quan trng l cn phi nghiờn cu tỏc ng ca CSI khụng hon ho, vớ d nh c lng li v s phn hi tr ca kờnh truyn Nh vy, cn phi nghiờn cu thờm hiu nng ca APF i vi cỏc thụng s quan trng nh giỏ tr Ti, mụ hỡnh lu lng thc t, v CSI tc thi khụng hon ho mụ un AMC Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 92 TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Y.Cao and V.Li, Scheduling Algorithms in Broadband Wireless Networks, Proceedings of the IEEE, pp.76-87, January 2001 [2] IEEE 802.16-2001, IEEE Standard for local and metropolitan access networks part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems, April 2002 [3] IEEE 802.16a-2003, IEEE standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Medium Access Control Modifications and Additional Physical Layer Specifications for 211GHz, January 2003 [4] IEEE 802.16c-2002, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment1: Detailed System Profiles for 10-66 GHz, December 2002 [5] IEEE Standard 802.16-2004 Part16: Air interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems October 2004 [6] IEEE Standard 802.16e, Part 16: Air interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems, February 2006 [7] IEEE 802.16f-2005, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment1: Management Information Base, December 2005 [8] IEEE 802.16g, Unapproved Draft IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 3: Management Plane Procedures and Services, February 2007 [9] 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INRS-EMT University of Quebec 800 de La Gauchetiere W., Bur 6900 Montreal (QC), CANADA Thỏi Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 2010-2012 CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lõp T Hnh phỳc BN NHN XẫT LUN VN THC S - ti: "Qun lý ti nguyờn vụ tuyn v m bo cht lng dch v mng khụng dõy bng rng s dng c ch OFDMA-TDD" - Tỏc gi: Thỏi Hng Lng i hc Bỏch Khoa H Ni - Chuyờn ngnh: K thut in t vin thụng - Ngi hng dn: PGS.TS Nguyn Hu Thanh - n v: Khoa in t Vin thụng Trng i hc Bỏch khoa H Ni Nhn xột: Kt lun: Tụi ng ý tỏc gi Thỏi Hng Lng c bo v lun trc Hi ng chm lun thc s H Ni, Ngy thỏng nm 2012 Ngi nhn xột PGS TS Nguyn Hu Thanh ... học bách khoa hà nội luận văn thạc sĩ Kỹ thuật Quản lý tàI nguyên vô tuyến đảm bảo chất lợng dịch vụ mạng không dây băng rộng sử dụng chế ofdma- tdd ngành : điện tử viễn thông m số: CA100074c3.04.3898... nguyờn vụ tuyn cú hn, qun lý ti nguyờn vụ tuyn v m bo cht lng dch v mng khụng dõy bng rng s dng c ch OFDMA- TDD cú tớnh quyt nh i vi h thng WiMAX Vic nghiờn cu, s dng hiu qu ti nguyờn vụ tuyn,... Hng Lng Lp cao hc TVT 201 0-2 012 17 Mc ớch ca lp vt lý l chuyn d liu mụi trng vt lý Trong chun IEEE 802.1 6-2 004, lp vt lý c nh ngha cho vựng tn s t n 66GHz vi vựng t 1 0-6 6GHz cho truyn súng tm