Bộ giáo dục đào tạo Trờng đại học bách khoa hà nội - Nguyễn đình dơng NGHiên CU TNG hợp nhiên liệu sinh học từ dầu mỡ thải Trên xúc tác siêu axit Luận văn thạc sĩ kỹ thuật Kỹ thuật hoá học Hà Nội - 2011 LI CAM OAN Tụi xin cam oan bn lun tt nghip ny l cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu thc s ca tỏc gi c thc hin trờn c s nghiờn cu lý thuyt, phng phỏp thc nghim v di s hng dn khoa hc ca GS.TS inh Th Ng Cỏc s liu, kt qu nờu lun l trung thc v cha c cụng b bt k cụng trỡnh no khỏc Tỏc gi Nguyn ỡnh Dng LI CM N hon thnh c ỏn ny, u tiờn tụi xin gi li cỏm n chõn thnh n GS.TS inh Th Ng - giỏo viờn trc tip hng dn, ngi ó tn tõm, ht lũng giỳp tụi quỏ trỡnh nghiờn cu ng thi tụi cng xin chõn thnh cm n cỏc thy cụ b mụn Cụng ngh Hu c Húa du ó to iu kin cho tụi hon thnh tt bi lun ny Trong thi gian nghiờn cu tụi cng ó c s giỳp nhit tỡnh, nhanh chúng ca cỏc thy cụ, cỏc cỏn b tin hnh o mu phũng thớ nghim trng im lc húa du- trng i hc Bỏch Khoa, Vin húa hc cụng nghip Vit Nam Tụi xin cm n th trng Phũng o to, th trng Vin Húa hc- Vt liu/ Vin KH-CN quõn s ó to mi iu kin thun li giỳp tụi sut thi gian hc v nghiờn cu lun Xin chõn thnh cm n ! H Ni, thỏng 09 nm 2011 Hc viờn Nguyn ỡnh Dng MC LC Trang ph bỡa Li cam oan Li cm n Danh mc, ký hiu dựng lun Danh mc cỏc bng, biu Danh mc cỏc hỡnh v, th..7 M U CHNG 1: TNG QUAN Lí THUYT 10 1.1 GII THIU CHUNG V AXIT RN 10 1.1.1 nh ngha 10 1.1.2 Tớnh cht 10 1.2 GII THIU V ZEOLIT ZSM -5 11 1.2.1 c im v cu trỳc ca zeolit ZSM-5 11 1.2.2 Cỏc tớnh cht c bn ca zeolit ZSM-5 14 1.2.3ng dng Zeolit ZSM-5 cụng ngh lc du 16 1.2.4 Mt s yu t nh hng n quỏ trỡnh tng hp ZSM-5 19 1.3 GII THIU V -Al2O3 21 1.3.1 Cu trỳc ca -Al2O3 21 1.3.2 Tớnh axit ca -Al2O3 23 1.3.3 Cu to b mt ca -Al2O3 24 1.3.4 Kớch thc v th tớch l xp Al2O3 24 1.3.5 ng dng ca Al2O3 25 1.4 GII THIU V NHIấN LIU XANH 27 1.5 TNG QUAN V DU THC VT V DU N THI 28 1.5.1 Thnh phn húa hc ca du thc vt 28 1.4.2 Mt s tớnh cht ca du, m ng thc vt 29 1.5.3 Cỏc ch tiờu quan trng ca du thc vt 31 1.5.4 Gii thiu v du n thi 32 1.6 PHNG PHP CRACKING TI CH DU N THI 33 1.6.1 Phng phỏp hydrocracking 35 1.6.2 Phng phỏp cracking xỳc tỏc 38 CHNG 2: THC NGHIM 40 2.1 LA CHN NG DNG CHO XC TC 40 2.2 IU CH XC TC .40 2.2.1 iu ch xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 40 2.2.2 Tng hp -Al2O3 bng phng phỏp sol gel 41 2.2.3 Tng hp xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 tm H2SO4 vi cỏc nng khỏc 43 2.2.4 Tng hp zeolit ZSM-5 44 2.3 CC PHNG PHP C TRNG XC TC .46 2.3.1 Xỏc nh pha tinh th bng nhiu x tia X (XRD-X Ray Diffraction) 46 2.3.2 Kho sỏt b mt bng phng phỏp dựng kớnh hin vi in t quột (SEM) 47 2.3.3 Kho sỏt cỏc dao ng c trng bng ph hp th hng ngoi 48 2.3.4 Phng phỏp xỏc nh b mt riờng theo BET 49 2.3.5 Phng phỏp phõn tớch nhit (TC/DTA) 50 2.3.6 Khỏo sỏt bng gii hp ph NH3 (TPD-NH3) theo chng trỡnh nhit 51 2.4 QU TRèNH CRCKING DU N THI .52 2.4.1 X lý, tinh ch du n thi 52 2.4.2 Thc hin phn ng cracking 53 2.5 NH GI CC TNH CHT CA NGUYấN LIU (DU N THI) 55 2.5.1 Xỏc nh ch s axit 55 2.5.2 Xỏc nh ch s x phũng 55 2.5.3 Xỏc nh ch s it 56 2.5.4 Xỏc nh hm lng nc 58 2.5.5 Xỏc nh t trng ca du thi 58 2.5.6 Xỏc nh nht 59 2.5.7 Xỏc nh hm lng cn rn 60 2.5.8 Xỏc nh mu ca du thi 60 2.6 XC NH V NH GI CC CH TIấU CA PHN ON DIEZEL 60 2.6.1 Thnh phn ct 60 2.6.2 T trng 61 2.6.3 Xỏc nh hm lng lu hunh 61 2.6.4 nht ng hc 62 2.6.5 im ụng c 63 2.6.6 Xỏc nh tr s v ch s xetan 63 2.6.7 Xỏc nh nhit chp chỏy 64 2.6.8 Xỏc nh hm lng nc 64 2.6.9 Xỏc nh hm lng tro 65 2.6.10Cn cacbon 66 2.6.11 n mũn tm ng 66 2.6.12Hm lng kim loi 67 2.6.13Xỏc nh cht dng ht 67 2.6.14 Mu sc 67 2.6.15 Phng phỏp sc kớ khớ 68 CHNG 3: THO LUN V KT QU 69 3.1 NGHIấN CU TNG HP V C TRNG XC TC - Al2O3 69 3.1.1 Kt qu iu ch - Al2O3 69 3.1.2 Tm axit H2SO4 lờn xỳc tỏc - Al2O3 72 3.2 NGHIấN CU TNG HP V C TRNG ZEOLIT ZSM-5 .74 3.2.1 Xỏc nh pha tinh th t gin nhiu x tia X 78 3.2.2 Hỡnh thỏi kớch thc tinh th c xỏc nh t nh SEM 75 3.2.3 Xỏc nh cỏc giao ng c trng v axit b mt qua ph hng ngoi 76 3.2.4 axit xỏc nh qua phng phỏp TPD-NH3 76 3.2.5 Xỏc nh b mt, hỡnh dng mao qun qua BET 77 3.3 NGHIấN CU CRACKING DU N THI TRấN XC TC TNG HP 78 3.3.1 Xỏc nh tớnh cht nguyờn liu u vo 78 3.3.2 Cracking dõu n thi thu nhõn liu 80 3.4 XC NH CC CH TIấU CHT LNG CA SN PHM .86 KT LUN 89 TI LIU THAM KHO 90 DANH MC CC Kí HIU DNG TRONG LUN VN ASTM Tiờu chun theo Hip hi ụtụ M VGO Gasoil chõn khụng TCVN Tiờu chun Vit Nam IR Ph hng ngoi GC Sc ký khớ XRD Ph Rnghen FCC Cụng ngh cracking xỳc tỏc tng sụi CN Tr s xetan CI Ch s xetan VOCs Cỏc hp cht hu c d bay hi CRK Quỏ trỡnh cracking TG Phng phỏp phõn tớch nhit trng lng DTA Phng phỏp phõn tớch nhit vi sai TPD-NH3 Quỏ trỡnh gii hp theo chng trỡnh nhit UOP Vin du m M MFI Cu trỳc ca zeolit ZSM-5 SBU Cu trỳc th cp AD Chng ct ỏp sut thng VD Chng ct chõn khụng LPG Khớ húa lng RON Tr s octan xỏc nh theo phng phỏp nghiờn cu GC-MS Phng phỏp sc ký DANH MC CC BNG BIU Bng 1.1 ng dng ca -Al2O3 Bng 1.2 Cht xỳc tỏc thi k u ca cụng ngh cracking Bng 1.3 So sỏnh tớnh cht ca biodiezel v green diezel Bng 2.1 Tớnh toỏn cỏc húa cht s dng tng hp ZSM-5 Bng 2.2 Lng mu th thay i theo chi s it d kin Bng 3.1 Tớnh cht ca du n thi Bng 3.2 Hm lng cỏc axit bộo cú du n thi Bng 3.3 Tớnh cht ca sn phm lng cracking trờn xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 Bng 3.4 Thnh phn sn phm cracking s dng xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 Bng 3.5 Tớnh cht ca sn phm lng cracking trờn xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 tm 10% H2SO4 Bng 3.6 Thnh phn sn phm cracking s dng xỳc tỏc -Al2O3tm 10% H2SO4 Bng 3.7 Tớnh cht ca sn phm lng cracking trờn xỳc tỏc ZSM-5 Bng 3.8 Thnh phn sn phm cracking s dng xỳc tỏc ZSM-5 Bng 3.9 Tớnh cht ca sn phm lng CRK trờn xỳc tỏc A-ZSM-5 Bng 3.10 Thnh phn sn phm CRK s dng xỳc tỏc A-ZSM-5 Bng 3.11 Bng so sỏnh cht lng sn phm CRK gia cỏc xỳc tỏc s dng Bng 3.12 Thnh phn cỏc hydrocacbon ch yu phõn on diezel Bng 3.13 So sỏnh cht lng ca green diezel v diezel thng phm DANH MC CC HèNH V, TH Hỡnh 1.1 Cỏc n v cu trỳc s cp ca zeolit: t din SiO4 (a), AlO4 (b) Hỡnh 1.2 Cu trỳc mao qun ca zeolit ZSM- Hỡnh 1.3 Quỏ trỡnh hỡnh thnh zeolit ZSM-5 Hỡnh 1.4 Mụ hỡnh cu trỳc spinel Hỡnh 1.5 Mụ hỡnh cu trỳc lp nhụm bỏt din xen k vi nhụm t din Hỡnh 1.6 Cu trỳc ca -Al2O3 Hỡnh 1.7 S quỏ trỡnh tng hp -Al2O3 Hỡnh 1.8 S sn xut green diezel t du m ng thc vt Hỡnh 2.1 Mụ hỡnh nhiu x tia X Hỡnh 2.2 Cỏc dng ng ng nhit hp ph-nh hp ph theo phõn loi IUPAC Hỡnh 2.3 S thit b cracking xỳc tỏc giỏn on Hỡnh 3.1 Ph XRD ca mu boemit Hỡnh 3.2 Gin TG/DTA ca boemit Hỡnh 3.3 Ph XRD ca - Al2O3 Hỡnh 3.4 ng ng nhit hp ph v nh hp ph theo BET ca - Al2O3 Hỡnh 3.5 Phõn b kớch thc mao qun ca - Al2O3 Hỡnh 3.6 Thnh phn sn phm cracking s dng xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 tm 10% H2SO4 Hỡnh 3.7 Gin quỏ trỡnh nh hp ph NH3 ca - Al2O3 Hỡnh 3.8 Gin quỏ trỡnh nh hp ph NH3 ca -Al2O3 10% H2SO4 Hỡnh 3.9 Ph XRD ca XSM-5 tng hp c v ph chun Hỡnh 3.10 nh SEM ca mu ZSM-5-5 Hỡnh 3.11 Ph IR ca ZSM-5 tng hp c Hỡnh 3.12 Ph IR ca ZSM-5 tng hp c Hỡnh 3.13 ng ng nhit hp ph- nh hp ph theo BET ca ZSM-5 Hỡnh 3.14 Kt qu GC-MS ca mu du n thi Hỡnh 3.15 Kt qu GC-MS ca sn phm lng quỏ trỡnh CRK trờn xỳc tỏc A-ZSM-5 Hỡnh 3.16 ng cong chng ct Engler ca diezel xanh Thnh phn ch yu du thc vt thi l axit stearic, chim 60,11%, sau ú l axit palmitic (21,56%), axit myristic (6,06%), arachidic (4,63%), sau cựng l axit eurucic (3,41%) Hỡnh3.14 Kt qu GC ca mu du n thi Ta thy ch s axit ca du n thi l khỏ ln 2,14 nờn vic s dng phng phỏp cracking xỳc tỏc õy l hp lý vỡ chỳng ta khụng cn phi x lý lm gim axit ca nguyờn liu, mt cụng vic cng khỏ tn cụng sc v phc 3.3.2 Cracking du n thi thu nhiờn liu a Cracking du n thi trờn xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 Tin hnh phn ng cracking du n thi trờn xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 chỳng tụi thu c sn phm vi cỏc c trng, thnh phn tng ng nh sau: 80 Bng 3.3 Tớnh cht ca sn phm lng cracking trờn xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 Cỏc thụng s Giỏ tr nht trc chng phõn on, cSt 6,39 T trng trc chng phõn on 0,8853 Hiu sut lng thu c, %V 82,1 Sn phm lng thu c cú t trng v nht so vi du nguyờn liu cú gim ỏng k nhng cũn khỏ cao Bng 3.4 Thnh phn sn phm cracking s dng xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 Sn phm %V Khớ 10,2 Xng (350C) 28,6 Cn khụng chuyn hoỏ 7,7 7,7 Hm lng sn phm khớ cracking khong 10%, cn khụng chuyn húa cũn khỏ nhiu 7,7%, nhiờn sn phm lng thu c cng khỏ cao t 82,1% iu ny cú th gii thớch c l xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 cú axit nh nht nờn phn cn khụng chuyn húa cũn rt ln, nhiờn bự vo ú thỡ sn phm khớ sinh l nh nht Trong sn phm lng thu c thỡ diezel ch chim 33,2 % so vi nguyờn liu So vi cỏc xỳc tỏc sau thỡ -Al2O3 thu diezel l nh nht, v nhc im na l 81 sn phm lng thỡ FO chim ti 28,6 % so vi nguyờn liu iu ny chng t hot tớnh ca -Al2O3 cũn thp b Cracking du n thi trờn xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 tm 10% axit H2SO4 Khi tin hnh phn ng cracking du n thi vi xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 sau ó c tm 10% axit H2SO4, sn phm lng thu c cú t trng v nht c ci thin ỏng k so vi s dng -Al2O3 Bng 3.5 Tớnh cht ca sn phm lng CRK trờn xỳc tỏc-Al2O3 tm 10% H2SO4 Cỏc thụng s Giỏ tr nht trc chng phõn on, cSt 5,87 T trng trc chng phõn on 0,8611 Hiu sut lng thu c, %V 82,3 Bng 3.6 Thnh phn sn phm cracking s dng xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 tm 10% H2SO4 Sn phm %V Khớ 13,6 Xng (350C) 16,8 Cn khụng chuyn hoỏ 4,1 4,1 Bng s liu trờn cho thy so vi vic s dng xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 thỡ lng sn phm lng thu c khụng tng 82,3 % so vi 82,1 % s dng -Al2O3 Phn cn ó c gim xung ỏng k v ch cũn li 4,1 %, nhng sn phm khớ li tng 82 lờn 13,6 % iu ny lý gii cho vic phn cn khụng chuyn húa c gim nhng sn phm lng li khụng tng iu ỏng chỳ ý õy nht l lng diezel thu c t 37,3 % cao hn hn so vi -Al2O3, hn na du FO cng gim xung cũn 16,8 % Nguyờn nhõn chớnh l ta tm axit lờn xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 thỡ lm axit ca xỳc tỏc tng lờn, hot tớnh cng qua ú tng theo c Cracking du n thi trờn xỳc tỏc ZSM-5 Vi xỳc tỏc ZSM-5 l xỳc tỏc cú axit ln nht cỏc xỳc tỏc m chỳng tụi kho sỏt Vic sn phm lng thu c cú nht v t trng tip tc c ci thin l iu d hiu vỡ ZSM-5 cú hot tớnh cao hn hn xỳc tỏc chỳng tụi kho sỏt trờn Bng 3.7 Tớnh cht ca sn phm lng cracking trờn xỳc tỏc ZSM-5 Cỏc thụng s Giỏ tr nht trc chng phõn on, cSt 5,19 T trng trc chng phõn on 0,8504 Hiu sut lng thu c, %V 80,9 Vỡ l xỳc tỏc cú axit mnh nht nờn sn phm khớ thu c cng l ln nht cỏc xỳc tỏc kho sỏt 16,6 % Phn cn khụng chuyn húa cũn li ch l 2,5 % Mc dự lng sn phm lng thu c cú gim tớ chỳt so vi xỳc tỏc trờn 80,9 % nhng thnh phn ca diezel thu c chim ti 42,1%, du FO ch cũn 8,4 % Bng 3.8 Thnh phn sn phm cracking s dng xỳc tỏc ZSM-5 Sn phm %V Khớ Lng 16,6 16,6 Xng (350C) 8,4 Cn khụng chuyn hoỏ 2,5 2,5 d Cracking du n thi trờn xỳc tỏc -Al2O3 v ZSM-5 Vi vic thu c sn phm nh s dng xỳc tỏc ZSM-5 cho thy hot tớnh ca xỳc tỏc l rt tt cho sn phm lng vi diezel l ch yu Dự vy xột ti lng sn phm khớ thu c cũn rt cao, nguyờn nhõn chớnh l ZSM-5 cú axit rt mnh, lm quỏ trỡnh b mch cỏc phõn t nh mch ngn (thõm nhp vo mao qun nhiu hn so vi mao qun rng ca -Al2O3) mnh hn nờn sinh nhiu khớ hn Chỳng tụi sỏng kin s dng xỳc tỏc phi trn gia loi ZSM-5 v Al2O3 vi t l v lng ZSM-5/-Al2O3 l 3/7 tn dng c u im ca c loi xỳc tỏc ny Vic phi trn lm cho axit ca xỳc tỏc gim xung so vi s dng ZSM-5, lm gim lng sn phm khớ sinh ng thi tn dng c kh nng chu nhit tt ca -Al2O3 c bit cú ý ngha vi phn ng cracking nhit lờn ti 400C Bng 3.9 Tớnh cht ca sn phm lng cracking trờn xỳc tỏc A-ZSM-5 Cỏc thụng s Giỏ tr nht trc chng phõn on, cSt 4,83 T trng trc chng phõn on 0,8402 Hiu sut lng thu c, %V 80,9 Ta thy t trng v nht ca sn phm õy c ci thin hn hn so vi cỏc xỳc tỏc trờn Hn th na hiu sut thu diezel cng t cao nht l 50,7 % cỏc thnh phn khỏc nh cn khụng chuyn húa, thnh phn du FO, sn phm nh, khớ u gim hn s dng xỳc tỏc ZSM-5 iu ny cng chng t hiu qu tin hnh phn ng cracking vi vic s dng xỳc tỏc pha trn gia ZSM-5 v -Al2O3 84 Bng 3.10 Thnh phn sn phm cracking s dng xỳc tỏc A-ZSM-5 Sn phm %V Khớ 12,3 Xng (350C) 9,3 Cn khụng chuyn hoỏ 2,7 2,7 e So sỏnh cht lng sn phm CRK trờn cỏc xỳc tỏc ó s dng T kt qu trờn ta cú th thy rng lng sn phm khớ s dng xỳc tỏc HZSM-5 l ln nht HZSM-5 cú tớnh axit cao nht, thỳc y quỏ trỡnh b góy mch sõu Hiu sut sn phm diezel trờn cỏc loi xỳc tỏc khỏc cú th c sp xp theo chiu tng dn: -Al2O3, -Al2O3 tm 10% H2SO4, ZSM-5, A-ZSM-5 Bng 3.11 Bng so sỏnh cht lng sn phm CRK gia cỏc xỳc tỏc s dng Ch tiờu Xỳc tỏc nht T trng cSt -Al2O3 Sn phm Khớ Xng Kerosen Diezel FO Cn %V %V %V %V %V %V 6,39 0,8853 10,2 10,7 9,6 33,2 28,6 7,7 5,87 0,8611 13,6 13,5 14,7 37,3 16,8 4,1 ZSM-5 5,19 0,8504 16,6 15,9 14,5 42,1 8,4 2,5 A-ZSM-5 4,83 0,8402 12,3 14,2 11,2 50,7 9,3 2,7 -Al2O3 tm 10% H2SO4 85 iu ny cú th gii thớch tớnh axit ca -Al2O3 thp nht nờn hiu qu cracking khụng cao dự xỳc tỏc ny cú b mt riờng khỏ ln v mao qun trung bỡnh -Al2O3 sau tm 10% H2SO4 thỡ ta thy lng sn phm diezel tng hn lờn, ng thi lng cn khụng chuyn húa cng gim ỏng k ZSM-5 cú tớnh axit ln hn rt nhiu so vi hai loi xỳc tỏc trờn nờn hiu qu cao hn hn Vi mc ớch thu nhiu diezel, chỳng tụi ó phi trn xỳc tỏc ZSM-5 vi -Al2O3 Xỳc tỏc phi trn ny cú axit thp hn so vi ZSM-5, ng thi tn dng c tớnh bn nhit cao ca -Al2O3, tin hnh cracking du m thi hiu sut thu nhiờn liu nng nh diezel, FO, cao hn, lng sn phm khớ, sn phm lng nh nh xng ớt hn so vi xỳc tỏc ZSM-5 Qua cỏc phõn tớch trờn, cú th thy axit nh hng nhiu nht ti quỏ trỡnh cracking sau ú l nh hng ca kớch thc l xp v b mt riờng 3.4 XC NH CC CH TIấU CHT LNG CA SN PHM Sn phm lng thu c t quỏ trỡnh cracking du m thi trờn xỳc tỏc phi trn A-ZSM-5 (t l 7/3) em i GC-MS, kt qu cho thy sn phm cha phn ln l cỏc hydrocacbon C14, C15 Abundance TIC: NHIETPHAN.D 180000 170000 160000 150000 20.72 140000 130000 120000 110000 100000 90000 80000 23.14 70000 60000 28.96 50000 40000 18.05 26.49 30000 4.12 6.44 5.72 20000 3.59 9.29 8.23 20.50 15.24 12.29 17.82 14.99 5.47 10.96 12.03 03 10000 3.96 9.11 6.21 17.96 13.71 6.58 93 11.84 1410.31 4.24 6.26 15.10 3.39 16.92 12.43 12.17 13.45 5.00 10.00 15.00 24.99 22.97 33.50 26.17 24.86 29.58 27.7829.98 26 25 26 40 24.51 31.04 33.44 35.10 30.84 34 31 24 25 19 06 27.57 28.81 32 65 35.95 31.77 21 97 31 27 22 40 23.45 25.91 23.23 31 93 24 75 20 20.83 58 27 35 28.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 Tim e > Hỡnh 3.15 Kt qu GC-MS ca sn phm lng quỏ trỡnh CRK trờn xỳc tỏc A-ZSM-5 86 Bng 3.12 Thnh phn cỏc hydrocacbon ch yu phõn on diezel STT TG lu (phỳt) 20,72 22,97 23,14 24,19 24,51 24,86 14,99 26,25 26,49 Tờn hp cht Tetradecan 1-pentadecen Pentadecan Nonylcyclohexan 1,1-nonylcyclohexen 1-hexadecen Hexadecen 8-heptadecen heptadecan Cụng thc C14H30 C15H30 C15H32 C15H30 C15H28 C16H32 C16H32 C17H34 C17H36 Thnh phn (%) 14,26 2,18 6,33 1,31 1,01 1,31 2,24 1,49 3,01 Cỏc ch tiờu k thut ca green diezel c th hin trờn bng 3.13 so vi diezel thng phm, cỏc tớnh cht gn nh tng ng, nhiờn green diezel nh hn, cú ch s xetan cao hn v c bit hu nh khụng cha lu hunh Bng 3.13 So sỏnh cht lng ca green diezel tng hpv diezel thng phm Loi diezel Diezel thng phm Green diezel tng hp 2-6 4,83 0,82-0,86 0,82 Ch s xetan 46 51 im chp chỏy cc kớn, C 55 56 Tsụi u - 197 T sụi (10%V) - 210 T sụi (30%V) - 235 T sụi (50%V) Max 270 255 T sụi (80%V) - 292 Ch tiờu nht 40C, cSt T trng 40C Thnh phn ct, C 87 T sụi (90%V) T sụi cui Hm lng S, (ppm) Nhit tr, (MJ/kg) - 312 Max 390 338 2500 < 10 43 42 Mu sc Vng T s liu thnh phn ct ca diezel thu c chỳng tụi xỏc nh c ng cong chng ct Engler ca sn phm V thnh phn ct i vi nhiờn liu diezel thng ch quan tõm nhiu n Tsụi (50 %V) v Tsụi (90%V) T s liu hỡnh 3.16 nhn thy thnh phn ct 50%V v 90%V tng ng vi diezel thng phm Hỡnh 3.16 ng cong chng ct Engler ca diezel xanh Diezel mi tng hp cú mu vng sỏng, sau mt thi gian ngoi khụng khớ chuyn sang mu vng sm cỏc olefin cú nhiờn liu phn ng vi khụng khớ to cỏc cht gõy sm mu sn phm Mu sm hon ton cú th x lý bng cỏc cht hp ph nh cacbon hot tớnh, silicagel, bentonit 88 KT LUN 1.Tng hp thnh cụng xỳc tỏc - Al2O3 v ZSM-5 Bng cỏc phng phỏp nghiờn cu hin i nh XRD, SEM, TG/DTA, BET, TPD-NH3 xỏc nh c c trng ca xỳc tỏc ny Khi axit húa xỳc tỏc - Al2O3 bng H2SO4 vi cỏc hm lng khỏc nhau, thy rng vic tm axit khụng lm thay i cu trỳc tinh th ca - Al2O3 m ch lm tng axit ca nú Th nghim phn ng cracking du n thi trờn cỏc xỳc tỏc khỏc cho thy axit ca xỳc tỏc quyt nh n hm lng, cht lng ca sn phm lng thu c S dng xỳc tỏc phi trn A-ZSM-5 thu c nhiu nhiờn liu lng nht v cho cht lng sn phm tt nht: nht cũn 4,83 cSt, t trng sn phm lng khỏ nh 0,8402, hiu sut diezel thu c so vi nguyờn liu l 50,7%, hm lng khớ, sn phm lng gim ỏng k, lng cn khụng chuyn húa ch cũn 2,7% Sn phm green diezel thu c cú cht lng cao: Tr s xetan cao, nhit tr ln, hm lng lu hunh rt thp õy l nhiờn liu thõn thin vi mụi trng 89 TI LIU THAM KHO 10 11 inh Th Ng 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template-free sol gel method, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 8, 101105 Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2007 http://www.Alternative.com 94 ... nhiều nhiên liệu lỏng nhất, sản phẩm có chất lượng cao Từ yêu cầu mà nghiên cứu tổng hợp xúc tác siêu axit tối ưu đặc điểm sở hai loại xúc tác Đề tài nghiên cứu việc tận dụng nguyên liệu dầu ăn thải. .. xúc tác ta thấy chúng xúc tác axit tốt Việc ứng dụng chúng công nghiệp chắn đem lại hiệu cao phát huy hết ưu điểm chúng Đề tài nghiên cứu tổng hợp xúc tác siêu axit sở ZSM-5 γAl2O3 nhằm tạo xúc. .. nguồn nhiên liệu cho phát triển bền vững Trong số nhiên liệu sử dụng nghiên cứu nay, nguồn lượng quan tâm nhiều nhiên liệu xanh (green fuel) Nhiên liệu xanh loại nhiên liệu chế biến từ nguyên liệu