DISCOURSE ANALYSIS TEXT SUMMURY ----- -  - ---- In its 1200 year history, Hamburg has witnessed the ups and downs of European civilization, the Process of Hamburg’s development from a small fishing village into a fortress citadel. Nowadays, Hamburg is not only famous for its historic sites but also its beautiful landscapes. First – time visitors to Hamburg must be surpurised at the nature and people here. They have chance to enjoy the historic monuments, listen to melodious sounds of classical music, tuck into a snack of delicious grilled lamb, sipon a traditional beer. Moreover, they are highly welcomed by the hospitable hippies. With its architecture, nature, music and people, Hamburg makes an unforgettable imperession to tourists who have ever been there. Additionally, Hamburg is a good choice for those who love to travel and want to discover culture of different nations. This text is an article which aims to the public all over the world. Thus, it uses standard English, understandable vocabularies. Additionally, the writer applies flexibly various structural sentences. For example: Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86 1 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS + long sentences: “From the decadence of the Romance … Hamburg has seen it all.”. +imperative sentences: “So join in.”; “Dance.” + elliptical sentences: “Lying on the banks of the Elbe River … commercial centres”; “Whilst enjoying the sounds of Bach … a traditional beer.” + etc… In this text, a variety of vocabularies are used. Especially, the author utilizes synonyms in order to prevent the readers from boredom. With a host of polished figurative words, visitors seem to be at Hamburg. Through this article, the writer also wants to transmit the communicative messages: - Help the public have an overview of Hamburg city. - Praise both ancient and modern beauty of nature, artchitecture, inhabitants, music… - Attract tourists all over the world coming here and enjoying it. Hopefully, after reading this article, the readers will have essential information about Hamburg city - a well-known tourism site, and make a decision to go to Hamburg in this summer holiday with their family. Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86 2 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ELEMENTS MAKING THE TEXT MEANINGFUL ----------      ------------- * Anylizing the image in the article By a glimpse of the pictures, the readers can easily recognize the most outstanding features of Hamburg, its beautiful rivers, symphany orchestra, classical architecture and music. When looking at the pitures, visitors can imagine how to enjoy the melodious and romantic sounds of music on the streets. It can be said that Hamburg is an ideal tourism destination. * GRAMMATICAL DEVICE: 1. Reference : (5) – (6) : Hamburg – it (9) – (10) : town hall – it (27) – (28) : hippies - they (27) – (28) : hippies – their ( Personal Reference). (27) – (29) : The St. Pauli Festival – here (Demonstrative reference). Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86 3 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS 2. Substitution : (1) – (2) : Hamburg – the city (Nominal substitution). (21) – (22) : each weekend – on these day (Nominal substitution). (25) – (27) : Hamburg – here (Adverbial substitution). (27) – (29) : St. Pauli Festival – here (Adverbial substitution). 3. Ellipsis : (5) – (6) : Hamburg is omitted (Nominal ellipsis). (22) – (23) : Passers-by is omitted (Nominal ellipsis). 4. Conjunction : (17) – (8): Not surprisingly (Clausal conjunction). (811) – (12) : But (Adversative conjunction). (16) – (17) : Sometimes (Temporol conjunction). (17) – (18) : Once (Temporol conjunction). (22) – (23) : Whilst (Temporal conjunction). Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86 4 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (27) – (29) : Here ( Locative conjunction) (29) – (30) : So (Causal conjunction) * LEXICAL DEVICE: 1. Synonymy : (1), (3) : Hamburg, a fishing village, a fortress citadel, a centre of Christian. (3), (5) : bastion, fortress. (21, 22, 23, 24): pedestrians, public, passers-by, visitors. (28), (32) : the ordinary, folk. 2. Repetition : (1), (2), (3), (8), (9), (11), (13), (15), (20), (25), (32): Hamburg. (2), (4), (10), (12): the city (9), (21), (22) : the town hall (3), (11) : fishing village (14), (25),(32) : offers (19), (32) : welcome Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86 5 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (20), (21), (24), (25): music (23), (24), (25) : sounds (27), (29) : here (28), (31) : dance 3. Atonymy : (15), (18), (19) : summer, autumn, winter (multiple incompatibles). (15), (18) : blue, red, yellow, orange (multiple incompatibles). 4. Hyponymy : (8) - (9, 10, 11) : many historic monuments - townhall, city’s parliament, the Church of St. Peter, the sombre Cathedral of St. Michael. (12) – (13, 14) : museums – Kunsthalle Museum, Hamburg Museum of History, Museum of Ethnography. (20) – (21) : music – classical music. 5. Meronymy : Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86 6 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (1) – (6), ( 24) : Hamburg – Elbe river, Alster river. (1) – (232) : Hamburg – town hall, river, church, centers, villages, monuments, belfry, roadside, square, hotel, streets, city, museums. (2) – (3), (4) : Europe – Hamburg, Scandinavia, Russia, Iceland, Greenland. (21) – (22) : town hall – doors, foreourt. (27) – (28) : hippies – their flowing hair, technicoloured garb. 6. Conceptual field : (1) – (2), (5), (12): religion – church, Christian, Christianity, Puritanical Crusades creed. (6) –(7) : habour – riverside docks, huge ships (15), (16), (17) : summer days – sunlight, a big shower. (18), (19) : autumn – falling leaves, trees. (20), (21), (22), (23), (24),(25):music – concerts, orchestra, stage, Beethoven, Bach, Schumanm, violin, accordion, ABBA, Boney M., Modern Talking. Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86 7 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS REFERENCE --------- ---- ----------- 1. Minh Tri, Guten Tag Hamburg, page 62 & 63, HERITAGE, VIETNAM AIRLINES INFLIGHT MAGAZINE NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2004 - N 0 69. 2. Tran Van Phuoc & Truong Bach Le, 2003, AN INTRODUTION ANALYSIS TO DISCOURSE ANALYSIS. 3. Tran Van Phuoc, Ton Nu Thuc Anh, & Than Trong Lien Nhan, 2006, AN INTRODUTION TO ENGLISH SEMANTICS. Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86 8 . 69. 2. Tran Van Phuoc & Truong Bach Le, 2003, AN INTRODUTION ANALYSIS TO DISCOURSE ANALYSIS. 3. Tran Van Phuoc, Ton Nu Thuc Anh, & Than Trong Lien. For example: Ngoc Anh - Quynh Chau – N.T.Van – Hong Thuy – Hai Yen86 1 DISCOURSE ANALYSIS + long sentences: “From the decadence of the Romance … Hamburg