Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Để lại tin nhắn giúp mình nếu bạn cần file nghe cùa sách. Sách được chia theo 12 dơn vị bài đọc. Các chủ đề gần với đời sống được thiết kế khoa học giúp người đọc dễ nắm được bài. Ngoài ra phần từ vựng khó được chú thích và in đậm rõ ràng, các dạng bài đọc hiểu, phần từ vựng mở rộng cũng như phần tóm tắt ở cuối mỗi bài sẽ giúp bạn cải thiện được trình độ đọc của mình.
Reading for the Real World SECOND EDITION Reading for the Real World Second Edition Moraig Macgillivray · Tonia Peters © 2009 Compass Publishing All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher Acquisitions Editor: Jordan Candlewyck Content Editor: Adam Worcester Copy Editor: Joanna Weinhardt Cover/Interior Design: Design Plus email: info@compasspub.com http://www.compasspub.com The authors of this book would like to acknowledge the following writers for contributing materials to this series: Michael Souza, Michael Pederson, Paul Edmunds, Paula Bramante, Kandice MacDonald, Barbara Graeber, Tonia Peters and Moraig Macgillivray ISBN: 978-1-59966-421-7 14 13 12 11 10 13 12 11 10 Photo Credits pp 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 47, 48, 52, 53, 54, 59, 71, 73, 78, 79, 90, 95, 107, 108, 121, 127 © Shutterstock, Inc pp 10, 41, 65, 67, 77, 83, 94, 101, 103, 106, 109, 113, 115, 131, 137, 138, 139, 142, 144, 145, 148 © iStock International Inc pp 6, 16, 25, 40, 42, 43, 46, 49, 55, 58, 60, 61, 64, 66, 70, 72, 76, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 91, 96, 97, 100, 102, 112, 114, 118, 119, 120, 124, 125, 130, 132, 133, 136, 143 © Jupiterimages Corporation Every effort has been made to trace all sources of illustrations/photos/information in this book, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity Contents Unit Strange & Unusual Reading : Reading : UFOs / An Insight into the Future / 11 Unit Computers & Technology Reading : Reading : Fighting Spam / 17 Using the Body for Identification / 23 Unit Health & Medicine Reading : Reading : Xenotransplantation / 29 A Surge in Cosmetic Surgery / 35 Unit Social Issues Reading : Reading : Soft Drugs in Amsterdam / 41 Morphine / 47 Unit Environmental Issues Reading : Reading : Campaigning for the Earth / 53 Glacier Retreat / 59 Unit Law & Crime Reading : Reading : The Reliability of Eyewitnesses / 65 The Assumption of Innocence / 71 Unit Language & Literature Reading : Reading : Cupid and Psyche / 77 The Truth About Memoirs / 83 Unit Space & Exploration Reading : Reading : The Origin of the Universe / 89 Space Tourism / 95 Unit Sports & Fitness Reading : Reading : Extreme Sports / 101 Personal Trainers: The Fitness Wave of the Future / 107 Unit 10 People & Opinions Reading : Reading : A Superlative Book / 113 Mandela’s Fight Against Apartheid / 119 Unit 11 Cross-Cultural Viewpoints Reading : Reading : Differing Conceptions of Time / 125 Investigating Stereotypes of Men and Women / 131 Unit 12 Business & Economics Reading : Reading : An Office Away from the Office / 137 A Need for Censorship in Advertising? / 143 U N I T S t r a n g e & U nusua l UFOs Pre-Reading Questions Think about the following questions Do you know of any famous UFO sightings in your country? What happened? What you think are some natural explanations for UFOs? Is it possible there is intelligent life elsewhere in our universe besides Earth? Why you think so? Vocabulary Preview Match each word with the correct definition extraordinary a to examine carefully mysterious b a person who sees something happen investigate c inexplicable; suspicious lunatic d to keep secret witness e unusual suppress f a mentally unstable person UFOs U Track FO stands for Unidentified Flying Object Although many people associate this term with aliens or spaceships, it can pertain to any unknown object seen in the atmosphere It is commonly believed that UFO sightings began in modern times, but sightings of extraordinary lights and mysterious objects in the sky have been documented for thousands of years One of the earliest sightings was in the fifteenth century BCE, in Egypt, where “foul smelling circles of fire and discs in the sky” were observed Centuries later, in 1516 CE in Nuremberg, Germany, more than 200 UFOs of differing shapes, including cylinders, spheres, and spinning discs, were 10 observed These examples typify the thousands of sightings that have been recorded over the ages in many different cultures on various continents The most interesting part of UFO history has been the latter half of the 20th century During World War II, fighter pilots reported many luminescent and cylindrical UFOs Sightings of these objects were described by both pilots and 15 high-ranking intelligence officials Interestingly enough, both the Allies and the Germans recounted this At first, they both thought that these UFOs were really just new weapons made by their enemies However, when they realized that the other side was seeing them, too, they concluded that these sightings were UFOs Both the British and Germans created committees to investigate Ultimately, it 20 was determined that these UFOs, nicknamed “Foo Fighters,” were not manmade; no alternative explanations were offered In the late 1940s, following WWII, the “flying saucer” era began In 1947, a man named Kenneth Arnold recounted seeing “nine silvery circular objects” in the 25 sky He told his story to many people, including the press He eventually wrote a book, titled The Coming atmosphere - air surrounding the Earth luminescent - glowing with light 14 cylindrical - in the shape of a cylinder 15 ally - a country that sides with another in a war (Allies - the countries that opposed the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) 13 in World War II) 19 committee - a group formed to make decisions 32 42 45 46 55 authority - a person in command controversy - a dispute non-humanoid - alien; not human disband - to break up phenomenon - an abnormal event of the Saucers In it, he described the UFOs as flying saucers because they were shaped like large dishes After the book’s release, more and more people reported 30 UFO sightings Previously, anyone who reported a UFO was considered a liar or a lunatic However, because authorities were receiving countless reports, they decided to set up a committee, called Project Blue Book, to investigate these sightings In the 1940s, the most famous UFO case in US history, the Roswell Crash, 35 occurred In early July of 1947, an object crashed onto a sheep ranch near Roswell, New Mexico All the pieces of the fallen object were collected by members of the US Air Force, stationed at Roswell Army Air Field Later in the day, the commander of the base informed the press that the remains of a “flying disc” had been recovered This news spread worldwide in a matter of hours Strangely, 40 a few hours after the press release, the commanding general of the Eighth Air Force issued a counter press release asserting that the remains were from a common weather balloon This retraction caused a lot of controversy There were reputable eye witnesses—including the sheep rancher and an Air Force major—who saw many items of unknown origin made of strange material They even claimed to 45 have caught sight of bodies of non-humanoid beings Despite this incident and continued UFO sightings, the government disbanded the Project Blue Book committee in 1969, due to lack of concrete evidence To this day, many people think the government is suppressing the truth of what they collected from the Roswell Crash and of other unexplained sightings and 50 incidences Over the years, UFO sightings have continued to be reported by people all over the world, including former US president Jimmy Carter, NASA engineers, and Japanese businessmen In fact, it is estimated that every three minutes, there is a UFO sighting somewhere on the planet Though most certainly there are a number of explanations for these UFO sightings, natural or otherwise, 55 more research into this phenomenon is definitely needed Reading Time _ minutes _ seconds 629 words R eading Comprehension A Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the reading The term UFO applies only to spaceships and aliens UFOs did not appear until the latter half of the 20th century Another term for UFO is “flying saucer.” Project Blue Book investigates all UFO sightings B Choose the best answer according to the reading What did fighter pilots report seeing in World War II? Why was the Roswell crash controversial? a Foul smelling circles of fire and discs in the sky b Hovering, glowing shields c Luminescent and cylindrical UFOs d Silvery, circular objects a Because a flying disc crashed into a sheep ranch b Because the Air Force issued two conflicting statements c Because several eyewitnesses changed their stories d Because people mistook a weather balloon for a UFO Which of the following is NOT true? a UFO sightings have declined in recent years b A former US president claims to have seen a UFO c Many UFO sightings can be explained by natural causes d The government has disbanded Project Blue Book C For the next two questions, look for the answers in the book and write them on the lines provided What happened in 1516 CE in Nuremberg, Germany? Why did Kenneth Arnold call UFOs “flying saucers”? S ummary Fill in the blanks with words from the list Use each word only once extraordinary mysterious investigate lunatics witnesses suppressing For centuries, _ all over the world have reported seeing _ objects flying in the sky Many of these UFOs have _ lights and strange shapes At first, others thought people who saw UFOs were _, but the US government received so many UFO reports that it set up a special committee to _ them Since then, many people have accused the government of _ information about UFOs V ocabulary Extension Here are six words or phrases that are related to the topic but are not in the reading Fill in each blank with the best word or phrase from the list Use each word or phrase only once abducted paranormal extraterrestrial outer space martians conspiracy Aliens are sometimes referred to as people from _ Science fiction movies and books portray a wide variety of _ life forms S ome people claim to have been _ by alien visitors and taken aboard a UFO _ were some of the earliest science-fiction aliens imagined by artists and writers UFOs and ghosts are examples of _ activities Many UFO enthusiasts accuse the government of a(n) _ to cover up UFO information 10 S upplemental Reading The Truth About UFOs Track A 10 15 20 25 s of 2002, 72 percent of Americans believe the US government is not telling the public everything it knows about UFOs In addition, 68 percent think the government has knowledge of extraterrestrial life (life from other planets) and is hiding it from the public It’s not surprising there has been more and more pressure on the government to declassify its UFO records A variety of different groups have been involved in these efforts One of the most recent groups to become involved is CFI the Coalition for Freedom of Information John Podesta, former Chief of Staff to President Clinton, is one of the many important people in this group The group’s aim is not to prove the existence of extraterrestrial life, but to make it easier for scientists in general to study unexplained aerial phenomena Podesta and his group have asked the Pentagon to declassify its UFO records and provide scientists with data that will help in the study of UFOs CFI has requested the release of information on several UFO cases, starting with the Kecksburg, Pennsylvania, incident In 1965, a large acorn-shaped object, about the size of a small car, crashed in a wooded area of Pennsylvania Witnesses contacted police and firefighters, but even they were not allowed to come close to the scene The United States Army was already on site and in the process of removing the object Even though several witnesses could clearly describe the object when it was in the air, the government claimed the object was a meteorite Suspicions of the government’s claim have been raised ever since Many groups have been formed to convince the US Government to open cases such as the Kecksburg event, yet it remains tight-lipped It has not allowed these classified records to be made public Discussion Discuss the following questions Why should citizens have access to classified government records when it comes to possible UFO incidents? Should the government have the right to protect its citizens by withholding certain information that could be unnecessary or dangerous for the general public to know? Why or why not? 134 R eading Comprehension A Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the reading Gender stereotyping occurs in twenty-five different countries In a 1980s study, people in different countries evaluated adjectives similarly In most of the countries, female adjectives were judged negatively Teachers are mostly to blame for gender stereotyping B Choose the best answer according to the reading What is true about gender stereotyping? Which of the following was NOT designated as a male adjective? a It occurs in all cultures b It applies to animals as well as people c It starts in high school d It affects men more than women a Assertive b Logical c Altruistic d Controlling What is the goal of studying male and female roles? a To help overcome stereotypes b To change people’s behavior c To reform international media d To destroy the education system C For the next two questions, look for the answers in the book and write them on the lines provided In which countries were male adjectives rated more positively than female ones? How researchers claim that stereotyping has affected girls’ education? S ummary Fill in the blanks in the table with the phrases below according to the category they belong to Use each phrase only once Gender Stereotypes Male Female A Assigned adjective of “logical” B Thought to exhibit passive behavior C Appropriate to play with toy vehicles D Pink bedrooms, in comparison to blue E Evaluated as “friendly” F Examined and labeled “assertive” V ocabulary Extension Here are six words or phrases that are related to the topic but are not in the reading Fill in each blank with the best word or phrase from the list Use each word or phrase only once gender-neutral like father, like son androgynous like a girl be a man tied to his mother's apron strings I can’t tell if that _ person is a man or a woman Mr Smith and his son Jim both have hot tempers, which just goes to show, _ The new _ dress code does not distinguish between men and women “You throw _,” Bob yelled to Dave during baseball practice When Ben hurt his finger, his father told him to _ and stop crying Billy’s not brave enough to try He’s still _ 135 136 S upplemental Reading Gender and Sex T Track 44 he terms “sex” and “gender,” although used by many people to mean the same thing, are now used in social research as two distinct classifications Sex is determined by biology and is defined by genes and physical characteristics of the body Biologists can determine the sex of an organism by looking at that organism’s body and how it mates with others of the same species The physical characteristics of the organism are used to establish if the organism is male or female Gender, on the other hand, is related to a person’s sexual identity and is 10 socially and culturally constructed For example, when a person follows the socially defined roles for males in a culture, society identifies that person’s gender as male However, individuals can define gender for themselves Some people, called transvestites, like to dress and act like members of the 15 opposite sex Others actually have operations that change their organs into those of the opposite sex These are called transgender persons Recently, there has been a growing movement in the United States to make transgender an official designation for a third type of gender This label would also include transvestites Complicating this matter is the designation people 20 choose to express their sexual preferences Heterosexual refers to men mating with women Homosexual refers to sexual activities between persons of the same biological sex (not gender) And bisexual pertains to sexual activities with either men or women Neither a person’s sex nor gender necessarily indicates his or her sexual inclination Discussion Discuss the following questions What distinctions between sex and gender exist in your country? Should people be allowed to choose their own sex and gender, including altering their natural biological organs? U N I T 12 B u s i n e s s & Ec onomic s An Office Away from the Office Pre-Reading Questions Think about the following questions If you could take all your school classes online from your home, would you? Explain your answer What’s a typical working day like for employees in your country? Do many employees in your country work from their home? Do you think working from home is a good idea or a bad one? Explain Vocabulary Preview Match each word or phrase with the correct definition gobble down a in the middle of amid b knowledgeable about something surpass c to eat quickly incur d to put into effect implement e to go beyond savvy f to become responsible for 138 Track 45 An Office Away from the Office F or many adults, a typical work day might be as follows: The alarm goes off at 6:00 a.m You dress yourself in expensive work clothes, gobble down breakfast, and start off on your long and stressful commute to the office You spend your day at your desk, attempting to complete your tasks amid co-worker chitchat and office politics Then, you make your way home through the commuter crowds You have just enough time for a few hours of relaxation before you have to get up and repeat the process all over again the next day For these people, telecommuting might be seen as the answer to the daily stress and frustration of office jobs Telecommuting, also known as teleworking or working from home, is a term 10 that refers to the use of telecommunication to work away from the company’s office, most often at a home office Few people telecommute full time, but a growing number of companies are allowing their employees to work from home at least part of the time The Wall Street Journal reports that the number of 15 people worldwide who telecommute at least one day per month has risen from about 22 million in 1998 to about 82.5 million in 2007, and this number is expected to surpass 100 million by the beginning of the next decade Employers have met this growing demand to work 20 from home with both acceptance and resistance On the one hand, employers understand that offering telecommuting opportunities is a way to cut costs Despite the initial cost incurred from setting a telecommuter up with the appropriate technology, there are long-term savings The average office space costs 25 an employer about ten thousand dollars per year for each worker, according to the Industrial and Technology Assistance Corporation (ITAC) In addition, offering telecommuting opportunities reduces absenteeism, increases productivity, 18 20 27 27 commute - the ride to and from work decade - a period of 10 years (e.g 1980 - 1990) resistance - opposition to something absenteeism - the rate of people absent from work or school productivity - the rate at which goods or services are produced 28 30 43 44 53 retention - the act of keeping, having, or maintaining recruitment - finding and hiring workers in a company micro-manager - a manager who wants to be involved in every detail of his or her staff’s work delegate - to assign responsibilities to other people flexibility - the ability to change or adapt as needed and improves employee retention Workers are happier and less stressed Therefore, they work harder and are more loyal to their employers Employers 30 also see telecommuting as a powerful recruitment tool to attract top talent In a survey of top company CFOs, Robert Half Technology cited telecommuting as second only to salary when deciding whether to take a job On the other hand, employers are aware of the fact that telecommuting poses some risks First of all, allowing confidential company information to leave 35 the office can pose privacy and security concerns A study done by the Center for Democracy and Technology showed that companies often not fully implement telecommuting security policies In addition, telecommuters are not properly trained in protecting company data Another risk has to with the work style of the telecommuter A successful telecommuter has to be independent, 40 self-motivated, and disciplined A telecommuter who needs constant supervision and feedback will not be successful This will cost the company in the long run Finally, it is more difficult to manage a telecommuter than an on-site worker A manager of telecommuters cannot, for instance, be a “micro-manager.” The manager must be willing to delegate responsibility In fact, companies are 45 finding it necessary to train their managers in managing telecommuters Experts predict that telecommuting will become a standard in the corporate world, as workers continue to demand it A technologically-savvy generation that is entering the work force has a different idea of how work can get done This generation readily accepts, and even expects, telecommuting opportunities In 50 addition, the population worldwide is increasing, but the capacity of roads and public transportation does not necessarily keep up This will make commuting to work only more difficult and frustrating Lastly, the growing number of two-income families increases the need for job flexibility in order to balance family and work life The trend toward 55 telecommuting is clear, but the long-term effects on corporate culture and the individual worker are still unknown Reading Time _ minutes _ seconds 641 words 139 140 R eading Comprehension A Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the reading The number of telecommuters is steadily rising Employers have mixed feelings about telecommuting The average employee office space costs an employer about $100,000 a year It is less difficult to manage an onsite worker than a telecommuter B Choose the best answer according to the reading All of the following are mentioned as benefits of telecommuting EXCEPT According to Robert Half Technology, what is a candidate’s top consideration when deciding whether to take a job? a Decreased absenteeism b Improved attention c Increased productivity d Happier workers a Salary b Benefits c Telecommuting d Vacation schedule What is one risk of telecommuting? a It could cost companies more in the long run b It decreases employee retention c It hurts company recruitment d It’s difficult to protect company data C For the next two questions, look for the answers in the book and write them on the lines provided What does the Wall Street Journal predict about the number of telecommuters? What did a study by the Center for Democracy and Technology show? S ummary Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list Use each word or phrase only once gobbling down incur amid implementing surpass savvy As the number of worldwide telecommuters stands ready to _ 100 million a year, the days of _ breakfast and racing off to work might be numbered _ a number of reasons why telecommuting is more popular is that employers typically _ long-term savings from _ telecommuting policies Though there are risks for employers, most allow, and even encourage, telecommuting as a way to please a new generation of computer- _ workers V ocabulary Extension Here are six words or phrases that are related to the topic but are not in the reading Fill in each blank with the best word or phrase from the list Use each word or phrase only once workforce self-employed traffic jam daycare videoconference nine-to-five Tim joined a rock band because he didn’t want a _ job More and more women are joining the _ these days Working at home helped save the Jones’s thousands of dollars in _ costs for their child I don’t work for anyone; I’m _ We’ll be talking with Mr Yakamatsu via _ The _ extended for more than three miles 141 142 S upplemental Reading Work-from-Home Scams I Track 46 f you search the Internet for “work-from-home” opportunities, you will find hundreds of jobs promising fast cash with limited effort These companies are seeking people to assemble products, mail letters, or make telephone sales calls The problem is, many are illegitimate and may actually scam you out of your own money There are several things to watch out for when considering a work-fromhome job First, be wary of any organization that asks you for an initial investment For example, if the job is to assemble products, you might be asked to 10 purchase the instructions and materials up front When you return the assembled products, they tell you they not meet specifications You are out of money, with no chance of profiting from your initial investment Another scam is when the company offers to advance your salary as a supposed sign of good will You deposit the check in the bank, and before the check has cleared, the company 15 tells you they accidentally overpaid you After you have paid back a portion, you discover their check was not legitimate Now you have paid money from your own pocket and not have any money from the company A good rule is to stick to jobs that require some skills, like a license or certificate, or some experience It might be worthwhile to get the qualifications 20 you need so that you can legitimately make money later Also, ask the company to provide references who can tell you about their work experiences If the company cannot, or will not, this, it is probably illegitimate Working from home can be a wonderful opportunity, but as with any job, you want to be sure it will be something that is beneficial and improves the 25 quality of your life Discussion Discuss the following questions What is a popular employment scam in your country? Who, in your opinion, bears more responsibility for a work-at-home scam: the company that commits the crime, or the person who falls for their tricks? U N I T 12 B u s i n e s s & Ec onomic s A Need for Censorship in Advertising? Pre-Reading Questions Think about the following questions Are there advertisements in your country that are not true? Describe one Is it OK for the government to censor the media? In what circumstances? Should children be protected from viewing certain advertisements and TV programs? If so, how? Vocabulary Preview Match each word with the correct definition violence a being presented with, or made known exposure b unsuitable inappropriate c a business sector regulate d to set rules and guidelines industry e physical force that injures or abuses misleading f deceiving 144 A Need for Censorship in Advertising? Track 47 M ost people admit that what we see in the media affects the way we think and act, and most agree the media has a negative effect on children Violence in television programs and movies is said to stimulate violent behavior in children Over the years, some leaders have suggested creating laws to help protect children from exposure to inappropriate TV shows and movies In particular, a report by the Federal Trade Commission of the United States examined how violent entertainment was marketed to children It was surprising that companies routinely target children as their primary audience, even when movies and games are rated 10 inappropriate for young people This report upset people all over the country, including politicians who responded by calling for new laws to regulate entertainment industries But it is not easy to create such laws The US Constitution guarantees freedom of the press and freedom of speech It has always been difficult to balance the power of laws against the freedoms of individuals and 15 companies; so rather than create new laws, the entertainment industry was told to regulate itself This was actually the same solution suggested in the early 1970s, when people first became concerned about advertisements There were protests against many advertisers at that time People 20 claimed that some ads were not true and also that children should not be exposed to ads for cigarettes and alcohol So the national advertising community devised a plan to avoid possible censorship by the government Advertisers agreed to set up a new agency, called the National Advertising Review Council (NARC) People from within the industry would review ads of all companies NARC’s 25 official purpose is to maintain standards of truth, accuracy, morality, and social 11 13 15 18 22 stimulate - to spark; to arouse politician - a person whose career is politics press - news reporters, publishers, and broadcasters entertainment - music, movies, or TV amusement advertisement - a presentation that sells a product or service censorship - the act of preventing or modifying a publication or broadcast 27 39 49 51 branch - a division publication - the act of bringing before the public self-regulation - control by oneself or itself, as in an economy or business organization intercession - the act of intervening or mediating responsibility in advertising There are two branches within the organization The National Advertising Division (NAD) is like a police force, investigating complaints of false advertising and then working with the advertiser to correct a 30 false ad The other branch is the National Advertising Review Board (NARB) It reviews cases in which the NAD and advertisers cannot agree The NARC is run by various national advertising associations This type of self-regulation avoids the problems of government censorship The NARC is not the only way the advertising industry regulates itself The media in which 35 advertising appears also works as a kind of censor Television stations all have departments for reviewing ads before the ads are allowed to be shown on the air This is true for radio stations as well Likewise, magazines and newspapers review ads before publication They want to make sure both the products and the content are 40 appropriate for their audiences In fact, some publications even go so far as to test every advertised product to make sure the claims in the ads are true A third level of regulation exists with the advertisers themselves Advertising agencies want the public to have confidence in their ads Therefore, most advertisers rely on market research to verify the claims made in advertisements If consumers 45 learn about misleading claims, they can sue the advertisers This is why most large advertising agencies employ in-house lawyers for reviewing ads In addition, the advertising industry has several national associations that keep an eye on the practices of all advertisers All of the above levels of self-regulation have created a fairly reliable system 50 for maintaining a high standard of advertising in the United States Government intercession is not necessary The chairman of the Federal Trade Commission claims, “It [The advertising industry] has the best self-regulatory system of any industry in the United States.” Reading Time _ minutes _ seconds 595 words 145 146 R eading Comprehension A Mark each statement as either true (T) or false (F) according to the reading In response to the Federal Trade Commission report, the US government created new laws to regulate the entertainment industry NAD and NARB are part of NARC NARB investigates complaints of false advertising Self-regulation works well in the US advertising industry B Choose the best answer according to the reading What does the US Constitution guarantee? What is the main function of the National Advertising Review Board? a Regulation and censorship b The protection of children c Freedom of speech and press d Government intervention a Investigating complaints b Correcting false ads c Reviewing cases d Censoring the press Why various media review ads prior to publication? a To make sure they can censor them b To ensure they are appropriate c To test all advertised products d To be able to charge more money C For the next two questions, look for the answers in the book and write them on the lines provided What was surprising about the Federal Trade Commission report? What can happen if consumers find out about misleading advertising claims? S ummary Fill in the blanks with phrases from the list Use each phrase only once go so far claim that fine line in-house call for on the air Because most people agree that exposure to violence is inappropriate for children, some politicians _ the government to regulate the entertainment industry, which has been accused of targeting children with violent ads However, this isn’t easy There is a(n) _ between regulation and censorship, which is against US law But because people _ some ads are untrue or misleading, the advertising industry has set up an effective form of self-regulation Many TV stations have _ lawyers to review ads before they go _ Some media agencies _ as to test all advertised products before publication These measures and others have created a high standard of advertising in the United States V ocabulary Extension Here are six words or phrases that are related to the topic, but are not in the reading Fill in each blank with the best word or phrase from the list Use each word or phrase only once libel obscenity First Amendment unconstitutional national security Bill of Rights The _ to the Constitution guarantees US citizens freedom of speech, press, and religious belief The jury ruled that banning the advertisement was _ When the magazine claimed Ms Watkins had cheated, she sued it for _ The pastor objected to the picture of the naked woman, calling it a form of _ The first ten amendments to the US Constitution are collectively referred to as the _ The government stopped publication of the article by showing that it would endanger _ 147 148 S upplemental Reading Guess What A Track 48 controversial advertisement for a home-furnishing mall in Nanjing, China, is printed with huge Chinese characters that say, “What will you think of after you are well-fed and well-dressed?” These words are followed by “Guess ” in smaller characters The answer is given in even smaller characters: “It is home furnishings.” While this looks innocent enough to people unfamiliar with Chinese culture, for Chinese people, the advertisement has a clear sexual meaning There is a well-known Chinese saying: “After being well-fed and clothed, one thinks of sexual pleasure.” 10 Critics of the ad argued that the billboard is immoral in that it might “stimulate people’s lust,” and because the implied meaning would be clear to anyone reading the ad, many called for its immediate removal The head of the advertising company that designed the billboard saw nothing to censor in the ad, noting that it had been approved by relevant authorities and 15 deemed absolutely legal “In modern times, the ancient saying should be interpreted in more innovative ways,” he said “After being well-fed and clothed, I think we have a lot more to think about than sex For instance, we can buy houses or go traveling It is quite logical for us to say that after being well-fed and clothed, one thinks of furnishing houses.” 20 An official from Nanjing Administration for Industry and Commerce merely stated, “We have approved this billboard When we decide whether an advertisement is acceptable or not, we mainly see whether there is any obvious word related to pornography and immoral deeds and thoughts, or any word that tries to exaggerate the advertiser and debase competitors We cannot anything 25 about this kind of advertisement.” Discussion Discuss the following questions What role should the government take in regulating the content of advertisements for private companies? Why you feel this way? Can you think of a recent ad that was controversial in your country? What was done about it? ... 978-1-59966- 421 -7 14 13 12 11 10 13 12 11 10 Photo Credits pp 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 22 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 47, 48, 52, 53, 54, 59, 71, 73, 78, 79, 90, 95, 107, 108, 121 , 127 ... 1 42, 144, 145, 148 © iStock International Inc pp 6, 16, 25 , 40, 42, 43, 46, 49, 55, 58, 60, 61, 64, 66, 70, 72, 76, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89, 91, 96, 97, 100, 1 02, 1 12, 114, 118, 119, 120 , 124 , 125 ,... enough, both the Allies and the Germans recounted this At first, they both thought that these UFOs were really just new weapons made by their enemies However, when they realized that the other side