1 H 1.008 BarCharts, Inc.® 18 He 4.003 WORLD’S #1 ACADEMIC OUTLINE Hydrogen Helium 1s2 1s1 Oxidation States Oxidation States Electroneg Electroneg 2.2 – – Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 37 – – – Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot 0.75 13.60 Unstable Anion 24.59 13 Li 6.94 Be 9.01 Lithium Beryllium 1s22s1 1s22s2 Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States 0.98 1.57 Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 152 (+1)76 111 (+2)45 Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot 0.62 5.39 Unstable Anion 9.32 Atomic Radius: given in “pm”; pm = 1x10-12m Sodium Magnesium [Ne]3s1 [Ne]3s2 Electron Affinity: energy released in the formation of an anion: given in “eV” Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Atomic Number: number of protons 16 17 Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 1s22s2p1 1s22s2p2 1s22s2p3 1s22s2p4 1s22s2p5 1s22s2p6 Oxidation States Ionic Radius: given in “pm”; pm = 1x10-12m 11 Na 22.99 12 Mg 24.31 15 B 10.81 C 12.01 N 14.01 O 16.00 F 19.00 10 Ne 20.18 Electronegativity: Pauling scale; measures ability of atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond Electroneg Atomic Radius 14 Oxidation States Electroneg 2.04 4,2 2.55 3.04 -2 3.44 -1 3.98 – – Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 80 – 77 (+4)16 74 (+3)16 74 (-2)140 71 (-1)133 – – Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot 0.28 8.30 1.26 11.26 Unstable Anion 14.53 1.46 13.62 3.40 17.42 Unstable Anion 21.57 Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg + – 3,5,4,2 Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg 13 Al 26.98 14 Si 28.09 15 P 30.97 16 S 32.07 17 Cl 35.45 18 Ar 39.95 1st Ionization Potential: energy required to remove one electron, forming a cation; given in “eV” Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon [Ne]3s2p1 [Ne]3s2p2 [Ne]3s2p3 [Ne]3s2p4 [Ne]3s2p5 [Ne]3s2p6 Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg 1.61 1.90 3.16 – – Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 143 (+3)54 118 (+4)40 110 (+5)17 103 (-2)184 99 (-1)181 – – 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot 7.65 0.44 5.99 1.39 8.15 0.75 10.49 2.08 10.36 3.61 12.97 Unstable Anion 15.76 Electroneg 0.93 1.31 Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 186 (+1)102 160 (+2)72 Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 0.55 5.14 Unstable Anion Atomic Weight: weighted average of atomic masses of natural isotopes - mass number of the most stable isotope for each radioactive element Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg + – 3,5,4 2.19 + – 2,4,6 2.58 + – 1,3,5,7 Oxidation States Electroneg 10 11 12 19 K 39.10 20 Ca 40.08 21 Sc 44.96 22 Ti 47.87 23 V 50.94 24 Cr 52.00 25 Mn 54.94 26 Fe 55.85 27 Co 58.93 28 Ni 58.69 29 Cu 63.55 30 Zn 65.39 31 Ga 69.72 32 Ge 72.61 33 As 74.92 34 Se 78.96 35 Br 79.90 36 Kr 83.80 Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton [Ar]4s1 [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d14s2 [Ar]3d24s2 [Ar]3d34s2 [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d64s2 [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d84s2 [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d104s2 [Ar]3d104s2p1 [Ar]3d104s2p2 [Ar]3d104s2p3 [Ar]3d104s2p4 [Ar]3d104s2p5 [Ar]3d104s2p6 Oxidation States Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg 0.82 1.00 1.36 1.54 5.3 1.63 6,3,2 1.66 7,6,4,2,3 1.55 2,3 1.83 2,3 1.88 2,3 1.91 2,1 1.90 1.65 1.81 2.01 2.96 – – Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 227 (+1)151 197 (+2)100 161 (+3)75 145 (+4)61 131 (+5)54 125 (+3)62 137 (+2)67 124 (+3)55 125 (+2)65 125 (+2)69 128 (+2)73 133 (+2)74 122 (+3)62 123 (+4)53 125 (+3)58 116 (-2)198 114 (-1)196 – – Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot 0.50 4.34 0.04 6.11 0.19 6.56 0.08 6.83 0.53 6.75 0.67 6.77 Unstable Anion 7.43 0.151 7.90 0.66 7.88 1.16 7.64 1.24 7.73 Unstable Anion 9.39 0.3 5.10 1.23 7.90 0.81 9.81 2.02 9.75 3.36 11.81 Unstable Anion 14.00 Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg + – 3,5 2.18 + – 2,4,6 2.55 + – 1,5 Oxidation States Electroneg 37 Rb 85.47 38 Sr 87.62 39 Y 88.91 40 Zr 91.22 41 Nb 92.91 42 Mo 95.94 43 Tc 98 44 Ru 101.1 45 Rh 102.9 46 Pd 106.4 47 Ag 107.9 48 Cd 112.4 49 In 114.8 50 Sn 118.7 51 Sb 121.8 52 Te 127.6 53 I 126.9 54 Xe 131.3 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium [Kr]5s1 [Kr]5s2 [Kr]4d15s2 [Kr]4d25s2 [Kr]4d45s1 Oxidation States Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon [Kr]4d105s1 [Kr]4d105s2 [Kr]4d105s2p1 [Kr]4d105s2p2 [Kr]4d105s2p3 [Kr]4d105s2p4 [Kr]4d105s2p5 [Kr]4d105s2p6 Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg 0.95 1.22 1.33 5,3 1.60 6,5,4,3,2 2.16 2.10 2,3,4,6,8 2.20 2,3,4 2.28 2,4 2.20 1.93 1.69 1.78 4,2 1.96 2.66 – 2.60 Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 248 (+1)161 215 (+2)126 178 (+3)102 159 (+4)84 143 (+5)64 136 (+6)59 135 – 133 (+3)68 135 (+3)67 138 (+2)64 145 (+1)115 149 (+2)95 163 (+3)80 141 (+4)45 145 (+3)76 143 (-2)221 133 (-1)220 – – Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot 0.49 4.18 0.11 5.70 0.31 6.22 0.43 6.63 0.90 6.76 0.75 7.09 0.55 7.28 1.05 7.36 1.14 7.46 0.56 8.34 1.30 7.58 Unstable Anion 8.99 0.30 5.79 1.11 7.34 1.07 8.64 1.97 9.01 3.06 10.45 Unstable Anion 12.13 Electroneg Oxidation States Silver [Kr]4d10 Electroneg Oxidation States Palladium [Kr]4d85s1 Atomic Radius Electroneg Oxidation States Rhodium 0.82 Electroneg Oxidation States [Kr]4d75s1 Ionic Radius Electroneg Oxidation States [Kr]4d55s2 Electroneg Oxidation States [Kr]4d55s1 Atomic Radius Electroneg Oxidation States Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg + – 3,5 2.05 + – 2,4,6 2.10 + – 1,5,7 Oxidation States Electroneg 55 Cs 132.9 56 Ba 137.3 57 La 138.9 72 Hf 178.5 73 Ta 180.9 74 W 183.8 75 Re 186.2 76 Os 190.2 77 Ir 192.2 78 Pt 195.1 79 Au 197.0 80 Hg 200.6 81 Tl 204.4 82 Pb 207.2 83 Bi 209.0 84 Po 209 85 At 210 86 Rn 222 Cesium Barium Lanthanum [Xe]6s1 [Xe]6s2 [Xe]5d16s2 Oxidation States Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Oxidation States Electroneg 0.79 0.89 1.10 1.3 1.5 6,5,4,3,2 1.7 7,6,4,2,-1 1.9 2,3,4,6,8 2.2 2,3,4,6 2.2 2,4 2.2 3,1 2.4 2,1 1.9 3,1 1.8 4,2 1.8 3,5 1.9 4,2 2.0 2.2 – – Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 265 (+1)174 217 (+2)142 187 (+3)116 156 (+4)83 143 (+5)64 137 (+6)60 137 (+7)53 134 (+4)63 136 (+4)63 139 (+4)63 144 (+3)85 150 (+2)102 170 (+1)159 175 (+2)119 155 (+3)103 118 (+4)– – – – – Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot 0.47 3.89 0.15 5.21 0.5 5.77 ~0 6.83 0.32 7.89 0.86 7.98 0.15 7.88 1.10 8.7 1.57 9.1 2.13 9.0 2.31 9.23 Unstable Anion 10.44 0.2 6.11 0.36 7.42 0.95 7.29 1.9 8.42 2.8 - Unstable Anion 10.75 Electroneg Oxidation States Tantalum Atomic Radius Electroneg Oxidation States Hafnium [Xe]4f145d26s2 [Xe]4f145d36s2 [Xe]4f145d46s2 [Xe]4f145d56s2 [Xe]4f145d66s2 [Xe]4f145d76s2 [Xe]4f145d96s1 [Xe]4f145d106s1 [Xe]4f145d106s2 [Xe]4f145d106s2p1 [Xe]4f145d106s2p2 [Xe]4f145d106s2p3 [Xe]4f145d106s2p4 [Xe]4f145d106s2p5 [Xe]4f145d106s2p6 Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg + – 1,3,5,7 Oxidation States Electroneg 87 Fr 223 88 Ra 226 89 Ac 227 104 Rf 261 105 Db 262 106 Sg 266 107 Bh 264 108 Hs 269 109 Mt 268 110 Ds 281 111 Uuu 272 112 Uub 277 113 Uut 284 114 Uuq 289 115 Uup 288 116 ? [Rn]7s2 Rutherfordium [Rn]6d17s2 [Rn]5f146d27s2 [Rn]5f146d37s2 [Rn]5f146d47s2 [Rn]5f146d57s2 [Rn]5f146d67s2 [Rn]5f146d77s2 [Rn]5f146d97s1 Darmstats, Germany disc.1981 disc.1964 disc.1967 disc.1974 disc.1984 disc.1982 Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg 0.7 0.9 1.1 Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius – – – (+2)162 188 (+3) - Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot 0.46 – – 5.28 – 5.17 ALKALI METALS ALKALINE EARTH METALS visit us at quickstudy.com ISBN 142320003-9 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher ©2002, 2005 BarCharts, Inc $4.95 U.S / $7.50 CAN REFERENCE: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics • 81st edition, 2000-2001 CONTENT ADVISOR: Mark Jackson, PhD Chemistry Professor - Florida Atlantic University DESIGN / LAYOUT: John Ford, CEO Customer Hotline # 1.800.230.9522 March 2005 Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Actinium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Unununium Ununbium ? 117 ? ? 118 ? ? Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium Not discovered Not discovered Not discovered disc.1994 disc.1996 disc.2004 disc.1999 disc.2004 - - - Darmstats, Germany Darmstats, Germany Dubna, Russia Dubna, Russia Dubna, Russia - - - HALOGENS LANTHANIDE SERIES [Rn]7s1 Radium ACTINIDE SERIES Francium NOBLE GASES 58 Ce 140.1 59 Pr 140.9 60 Nd 144.2 61 Pm 145 62 Sm150.4 63 Eu 152.0 64 Gd 157.3 65 Tb 158.9 66 Dy 162.5 67 Ho 164.9 68 Er 167.3 69 Tm 168.9 70 Yb 173.0 71 Lu 175.0 Cerium [Xe]4f15d16s2 Oxidation States Electroneg Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium [Xe]4f36s2 Oxidation States Electroneg [Xe]4f46s2 Oxidation States Electroneg [Xe]4f56s2 Oxidation States Electroneg Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium [Xe]4f66s2 [Xe]4f76s2 [Xe]4f75d16s2 [Xe]4f96s2 [Xe]4f106s2 [Xe]4f116s2 [Xe]4f126s2 [Xe]4f136s2 [Xe]4f146s2 [Xe]4f145d16s2 Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg 3,4 1.12 3,4 1.13 1.14 – 3,2 1.17 3,2 – 1.20 3,4 – 1.22 1.23 1.24 3,2 1.25 3,2 – 1.0 Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 183 (+3)114 182 (+3)113 181 (+3)114 181 (+3)109 180 (+3)108 199 (+3)107 179 (+3)105 176 (+3)118 175 (+3)103 174 – 173 (+3)100 173 (+3)109 194 (+3)99 172 (+3)98 Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot – 5.54 – 5.46 – 5.53 – 5.55 – 5.64 – 5.67 – 6.15 – 5.86 – 5.94 – 6.02 – 6.11 – 6.18 – 6.25 – 5.43 90 Th 232.0 91 Pa 231.0 92 U 238.0 93 Np 237 94 Pu 244 95 Am 243 96 Cm 247 97 Bk 247 98 Cf 251 99 Es 252 100Fm 257 101Md 258 102 No 259 103 Lr 262 Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium [Rn]6d27s2 [Rn]5f26d17s2 [Rn]5f36d17s2 [Rn]5f46d17s2 [Rn]5f67s2 [Rn]5f77s2 [Rn]5f76d17s2 [Rn]5f97s2 Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Californium Einsteinium [Rn]5f107s2 Oxidation States Electroneg [Rn]5f117s2 Oxidation States Electroneg Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium [Rn]5f127s2 [Rn]5f137s2 [Rn]5f147s2 Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Oxidation States Electroneg Lawrencium [Rn]5f146d17s2 Oxidation States Electroneg 1.3 5,4 1.5 6,5,4,3 1.7 6,5,4,3 1.3 6,5,4,3 1.3 6,5,4,3 – – 4,3 – – – – 3,2 – 3,2 – – Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius Atomic Radius Ionic Radius 180 (+4)94 161 (+5)78 139 (+6)73 – (+5)75 151 (+4)86 131 (+3)98 – (+3)97 – (+3)96 – (+3)95 – – – – – – – – – – Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot Electron Affinity 1st Ion Pot – 6.08 – 5.89 – 6.19 – 6.27 – 6.06 – 5.99 – 6.02 – 6.23 – 6.30 – 6.42 – 6.50 – 6.58 – 6.65 – – M = Generic symbol for element in compound; E = Element raw material form; A = Alloy, blend or mixture; C = Compound; Bold = Most Important Use NATURAL FORM H2 gas Li Be bcc hex Na Mg bcc K hex Ca Sc bcc He solid - for solid, most stable crystal form liquid gas fcc Rb Sr hex V bcc rhom hex N2 O2 gas gas F2 Ne Al B Si P S fcc fcc cubic ortho Cl2 Ar bcc bcc bcc hex fcc fcc hex ortho In hex hex bcc bcc Cs Ba La Hf Ta W hex bcc bcc bcc Fr – fcc bcc hex Ra Ac bcc C gas gas gas gas Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd bcc Y Ti hex gas hex hex Re Os hex hex fcc rhom hex Sn Sb Te liquid I2 gas Xe fcc hex hex Th Pa U fcc tetra ortho hex Li Be 0.53 1.85 Solid, liquid: g/cm3 (20°C and 1atm) gas: g/liter (0°C and 1atm) Na Mg 0.97 1.74 K Ca Sc Ti V 1.54 4.51 6.0 0.89 2.99 Rb Sr 7.87 8.86 tetra tetra rhom 4.47 6.52 8.57 10.2 Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os fcc fcc hex fcc rhom cubic 1.93 3.62 13.3 16.4 19.3 20.8 Fr Ra Ac fcc liquid ortho – gas gas rhom bcc hex hex hex hex hex hex fcc – hex 6.15 5.0 6.77 Th Pa ortho hex 11.7 hex hex hex hex – – – 11 6.77 Es Fm Md No Lr mono N2 O2 *1.43 P S 2.70 2.33 1.82 2.07 Cs F2 Ne *1.70 *.90 Cl2 Ar 8.90 8.96 7.14 5.91 12.1 12.4 22.6 12.0 Ir 22.5 10.5 5.32 5.72 4.80 *3.21 Sn Sb Te 3.12 *1.78 I2 Xe 8.69 7.31 7.26 6.68 6.24 Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 21.5 11.8 11.3 9.79 19.3 13.53 9.2 4.92 *3.73 – *5.89 *9.73 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 10.0 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf cubic = SIMPLE CUBIC, bcc = BODY CENTERED CUBIC hex = HEXAGONAL; ortho = ORTHOHOMBIC; tetra = TETRAGONAL mono = MONOCLINIC; *1.25 Si In fcc hex C 2.26 Al Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd Pt Au Hg hex 2.64 7.3 Ir fcc 1.53 Y B 2.34 He *.179 Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr 7.15 fcc Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu fcc DENSITY H2 089* – 7.01 7.26 U 15.4 7.52 5.24 7.90 8.23 8.55 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf 19.1 20.2 19.7 13.6 13.5 14.8 – 8.80 9.07 9.32 6.90 9.84 Es Fm Md No Lr – – – – – fcc = FACE CENTERED CUBIC; rhom = RHOMBOHEDRAL; – = unknown Alkali metals; compounds with M(1+) valences Cesium E - Photoelectric cells E - Atomic clocks, infrared lamps 0.90 ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION Li Be 134.7 308.8 kJ/mole Liquid ➜ Gas ∆Hvap at boiling point Na Mg 89.04 K 77.5 128.7 Ca Sc 150.0 Rb Sr 69.2 References: CRC; The Elements, 3rd ed., J Emsley, 1998 139.0 305.0 Y 393.0 Cs Ba La 65.9 Fr – 140.0 399.6 Ti V 429.0 458.6 696.6 594.1 Hf Ta W 661.1 753.1 799.1 711.0 5.57 6.82 Al Si P S 294.0 383.0 12.40 45.0 0.12 Li Be 3.00 7.9 351.0 382.4 371.8 304.6 115.5 585.0 567.8 Re Os 707.1 627.6 495.4 Ir 563.6 393.0 255.1 99.87 Pt Au Hg 510.5 324.0 59.11 314.0 333.0 481.0 284.0 U 423.0 – 192.0 176.0 312.0 391.0 8.54 14.10 254.0 In 334.0 31.9 95.48 Sn Sb Te 226.4 290.4 67.9 114.1 Tl Pb Bi 162.1 179.5 151.0 29.96 I2 41.57 293.0 251.0 293.0 Ti V 14.15 21.5 1484 2836 Rb Sr Y 1897 4603 5458 5555 5596 Fr Ra Ac 159.0 – 428.0 – C - Fireworks, flourescent lamps 196.0 – – – – He – B C 50.2 117 N2 O2 0.71 0.44 Al Si P S 10.71 50.21 0.66 1.72 F2 Ne 0.51 0.33 Cl2 Ar Li Be 181 1287 Na Mg 98 650 Ca Sc 64 842 16.2 17.48 13.26 7.32 5.59 36.94 24.44 6.69 7.03 19.87 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi 2.09 27.2 36.57 52.31 4.14 4.77 11.3 33.29 38.59 Re Os 60.43 57.85 26.59 Ir 41.12 16.74 22.17 11.30 12.55 2.29 17.49 10.57 1.64 I2 Xe 15.52 2.27 Po At Rn – – 2.89 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 6.89 Th Pa 12.34 7.14 U 9.14 7.7 8.62 9.21 10.0 10.15 11.06 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf 3.20 2.82 14.39 15.0 – 17.0 19.9 16.84 7.66 22.0 1541 Rb Sr Ti V 1668 1910 – – – – -196 -183 Al Si P S 2519 3265 280 445 -188 Cl2 Ar -34 2913 2562 907 4150 5012 3695 2963 Ir 2162 767 Pt Au Hg 4428 3825 2856 357 2204 In 2833 603sp 685 Sn Sb Te -186 59 -153 I2 Xe 184 2072 2602 1587 988 Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 1473 1749 1564 962 – 3520 3074 U – 3000 1794 1529 3273 3230 2567 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf 4131 – 3228 2011 3100 – – 2700 2868 1950 1196 – – – Lanthanum -62 Y 3402 – He – C 2075 4492tp N2 O2 -210 -219 Al Si P S 660 1414 44 120 F2 Ne -220tp -249 Cl2 Ar Hafnium Hf -102 -189 Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr 1907 1246 1538 1495 1455 1085 420 30 939 817tp 221 -7 Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te 2477 2623 2157 157 232 631 450 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 2233 3017 3422 3186 1768 304 328 271 254 28 727 Fr 918 Ra Ac 27 700 2334 3033 1964 1555 Ir 2446 962 321 1064 -39 I2 114 302 Xe -112tp -71 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 1051 798 931 1021 Th Pa – 1750 U 1572 1042 1074 822 1313 1356 1412 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf 1135 644 640 1176 1345 1050 900 1474 1529 1545 819 1663 Es Fm Md No Lr 860 1527 827 827 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY H2 J/(g K) (at 25°C and 1atm) He 5.19 Li Be B C 3.58 1.83 1.03 0.71 Na Mg Al 1.23 0.90 K 0.76 1.02 Ca Sc Ti V 0.65 0.52 0.49 Rb Sr 0.36 0.30 0.57 Y 0.30 P S 0.71 0.77 0.71 0.32 Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te 0.28 0.23 0.23 Pt Au Hg Tl 0.13 0.13 – 0.24 Hf Ta W Re Os 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14 Fr Ra Ac 0.12 Si 0.37 0.25 0.45 0.20 – 0.92 0.39 0.27 0.48 0.24 – 1.04 F2 Ne 0.82 1.03 Cl2 Ar 0.48 0.52 Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr 0.45 Cs Ba La 0.20 N2 O2 0.13 0.42 0.24 Ir 0.13 0.44 0.25 0.39 0.24 0.13 0.23 0.14 0.33 0.32 1627 0.19 Th Pa 0.11 – 0.19 U 0.12 – 0.20 0.18 0.24 0.18 0.17 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf – – – – – – 2.37 1.49 0.002 K 1.56 Ca Sc Ti V 2.01 0.22 0.31 Rb Sr 0.16 0.58 Bi Po At Rn 0.12 0.16 1.41 Xe 0.13 0.17 P I2 Pb 0.17 Si 1.03 0.15 – 0.09 Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 0.19 Al 0.16 0.16 Y 0.35 0.17 0.41 0.60 Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te 0.23 0.82 0.67 Pt Au Hg Tl 0.72 0.46 – – – 0.51 1.00 1.17 Hf Ta W Re Os 0.58 1.74 0.48 Fr Ra Ac – 0.88 0.91 1.50 0.23 0.72 Ir 1.47 4.01 4.29 3.17 0.97 0.08 0.50 0.11 0.13 0.17 Th Pa – 0.54 U – 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.11 Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf 0.28 0.06 0.07 – – H He 1400 0.008 Li Be B C N O F Ne 20 2.8 10 200 19 461000 585 0.005 Al Si P S Cl Ar 1050 350 mg of element per kg of crust Na Mg 23600 23300 K 82300 282000 Ca Sc 145 3.5 Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 120 102 20900 41500 22 5650 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In 33 165 20 1.2 0.25 2.3 Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Tl Pb 1.3