Accounting Information Systems: An Overview Chapter  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1–1 Learning Objective Understand the related concepts of transaction cycles and internal control structure  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1–2 Overview An accounting information system (AIS) is a collection of resources designed to transform data into information Accounting information systems perform this transformation Manual Computerized  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1–3 Information and Decisions Who are the two main users of accounting information? External users Internal users  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1–4 Information and Decisions Who are the external users of accounting information? Stockholders Investors Creditors Government agencies Customers and vendors  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1–5 Information and Decisions Hierarchy of Internal Users Top-Level Management Middle Management Lower-Level Management Strategic Tactical Summarization and Filtration Operational Transaction oriented  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1–6 Information Systems The term information system suggests the use of computer technology in an organization Hardware Data Information Software  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1–7 Information Systems Electronic Data Processing System (EDP) Data Processing System (DP) Management Information System (MIS) Decision Support System (DSS) Expert System (ES) Executive Information System (EIS) Accounting Information System (AIS)  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1–8 Business Processes Data Organizational units Logical time sequence  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1–9 Business Processes Primary Business Processes Inbound sales logistics Outbound sales logistics Marketing Operations Service  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– Electronic Data Interchange Purchase Order Retailer Eliminates paper Supplier Saves time  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– Extensible Business Reporting Language XBRL is a language that facilitates the exchange over the Internet of all kinds of business documents and financial statements  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– Computer-Integrated Manufacturing What are the components of a CIM system? Computer-aided design (CAD) workstations Real-time production monitoring and control systems Order and inventory control system  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– Electronic Payment Systems (EFT) Electronic funds transfer systems are electronic payment systems in which processing and communication are primarily or totally electronic Banks can interface with corporate EDI applications  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– Learning Objective Characterize the development of information systems  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– The Accountant and Systems Development Accountants may undertake systems development activities either internally or externally Systems development activities are often encountered by internal and external auditors during reviews of information systems controls  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– The Accountant and Systems Development Systems analysis Systems design Systems implementation  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– The Accountant and Systems Development What are the general objectives of systems analysis? To improve the quality of information To improve internal control To minimize cost, where appropriate  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– The Accountant and Systems Development Systems design is the process of specifying the details of the solution selected by the systems analysis process  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– The Accountant and Systems Development Systems implementation is the process of placing the revised or newly designed procedures and methods into operations Testing the solution prior to implementation Documenting the solution Reviewing the system  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– Systems Approach What is the systems approach? It is a general procedure for the administration of a systems project Its purpose is to assist in the orderly development of effective systems What are the six steps of the systems approach process?  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– Systems Approach Statement of system objective(s) Creation of alternatives Systems analysis Systems design Systems implementation Systems evaluation  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– Behavioral Considerations A new information system creates new work relationships among existing personnel It creates changes in job content and perhaps a change in the formal organizational structure  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– Behavioral Considerations The user cooperation needed to operate the system successfully should be ensured during the design of a system, not afterward A philosophy of user-oriented design fosters a set of attitudes and an approach to systems development that consciously considers the organizational context  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood 1– End of Chapter  2004 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/Hopwood – 46 ... Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/ Hopwood 1– The Information System Function Chief Information Officer Steering Committee Manager Systems Analysis Manager Programming Manager Operations Manager... Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/ Hopwood Manager User Support 1– The Information System Function Manager Systems Analysis Manager Programming Application Analysts Application... Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, by Bodnar/ Hopwood 1–7 Information Systems Electronic Data Processing System (EDP) Data Processing System (DP) Management Information System (MIS)