Immigrant Children in New York City 5.1.5 CAUSE AND EFFECT SUMMARIZE In the early 1900s, many families traveled to the United States looking for a better life These families faced difficult times Immigrant children had a hard time learning or having fun Their parents worked hard to give them safe places to play and learn READ THE BOOK LESSON VOCABULARY STRATEGY SUPPORT: SUMMARIZE SUMMARY advice circumstances hustled luxury peddler advised elbow immigrants newcomer INTRODUCE THE BOOK INTRODUCE THE TITLE AND AUTHOR Discuss with students the title and the author of Immigrant Children in New York City Based on the title, ask students what kind of information they think this book will provide Tell students that this is a nonfiction book Ask them to name other nonfiction books they have read BUILD BACKGROUND Discuss with students what challenges they think immigrant children might have had Ask them to think about how they may have felt in a new situation, like the first day of school or moving to a new house Remind them that these children had little money and education They may not even have been able to speak English, read, or write SET PURPOSE Have students set a purpose for reading Immigrant Children in New York City As they read, encourage them to think about the causes and effects of immigration on the children Remind students that to summarize means to briefly tell what happened in a story Have students review the main ideas in the story that they wrote down Ask them to write a short summary of the entire book, based on their notes of the most important parts COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS PAGE What caused immigrants to move to America? (desire for more money and a better life) PAGE Look at the photo and read the caption What does this tell you about immigrants’ living conditions? (conditions were poor) PAGE 10 How did immigrant parents teach their children about their heritage? (They taught them songs, told stories, and celebrated holidays by cooking traditional dishes.) PAGE 18 What did Alice and Irene Lewisohn to improve the Lower East Side? (They opened a playhouse.) PREVIEW/USE TEXT FEATURES Ask students to review the photos and captions in the book As a class, discuss what students think they will learn from the book Record some of their ideas to confirm predictions after reading 28 Immigrant Children in New York City 16911_LRD_TG_028-029 28 12/28/05 12:51:39 PM REVISIT THE BOOK READER RESPONSE Possible response: What They Did: gave advice to people from Lower East Side, opened a theater, built a playground What Happened: those people were able to persuade their landlords to improve their buildings, gave them a chance to see famous plays Children had a safe place to play Possible response: improved apartment living by making fire safety, ventilation, and plumbing better; it helped stop spread of diseases immigrants and newcomers; sentences will vary Answers will vary Students should mention specific objects that they see in the photos, such as apartment features EXTEND UNDERSTANDING Ask students to look at the photographs in the book Have them point to specific photos and explain how they help them better understand the story RESPONSE OPTIONS WRITING Have students write a short journal entry as if they were immigrant children arriving in America Ask them to write about the sights and sounds around them and how they feel being in this new place SOCIAL STUDIES CONNECTION Encourage students to learn more about immigrant children arriving at Ellis Island in New York or Angel Island in California Suggest they find a book or Internet article on immigration in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century Invite students to present their research to the class and discuss how immigration might be similar and different today Skill Work TEACH/REVIEW VOCABULARY Review vocabulary words and their definitions with students Have volunteers write a silly sentence on the board correctly using one vocabulary word Repeat this with all the vocabulary words TARGET SKILL AND STRATEGY CAUSE AND EFFECT Remind students that cause tells why something happened and effect tells what happened As students read the book, have them list reasons why immigrants came to the United States Suggest that they use a graphic organizer to list the causes of immigration Have students fill in a graphic organizer showing the causes and effects of immigration SUMMARIZE Remind students that to summarize means to briefly tell what happened in a story Have students list the main ideas in the story as they read ADDITIONAL SKILL INSTRUCTION GRAPHIC SOURCES Review examples of graphic sources with students, including charts, graphs, diagrams, etc Remind students that graphic sources help a reader better understand text Graphic sources are also a valuable part of previewing a text because they give clues about the text’s topic Have students go though the book and find the graphic sources Ask them what these sources tell them about the book’s topic Immigrant Children in New York City 16911_LRD_TG_028-029 29 29 12/28/05 12:51:40 PM Immigrant Children Name Cause and Effect • A cause tells why something happened • An effect tells what happened Directions Use the information in the chart to answer the questions below Causes Effects Causes of Immigration better life more money better education Effects of Immigration little money little education had to work hard nowhere to safely play What caused many immigrant children to work so hard? What effect did education have on immigrant children? What effects did new playgrounds have on immigrant children? What caused overcrowded schools? © Pearson Education What caused parents to take their children from their homes and move them to America? 30 16911_LRD_TG_030-031 12/28/05 12:52:08 PM Immigrant Children Name Vocabulary Directions Complete each sentence with a word from the word box Check the Words You Know advice elbow luxury The advised hustled newcomer circumstances immigrants peddler sold us wood We were by the bad salesman Her good helped him get a job The of his arrival were mysterious The of a house was a dream of ours The asked us directions We the boy not to talk to strangers A basketball player should never The another player were anxious to get to the new country Directions Write the vocabulary word that is a synonym for each pair of words 10 shove, nudge 11 tricked, cheated 12 opinions, guidance 13 happenings, situations © Pearson Education 14 wealth, comfort 15 beginner, novice 16 colonists, settlers 17 dealer, merchant 18 directed, counseled Directions Select two vocabulary words and use each in a sentence below 19 20 31 16911_LRD_TG_030-031 12/28/05 12:52:09 PM ... the book’s topic Immigrant Children in New York City 16 911 _LRD _TG_ 028-029 29 29 12 /28/ 05 12 : 51 :40 PM Immigrant Children Name Cause and Effect • A cause tells why something happened • An effect... 14 wealth, comfort 15 beginner, novice 16 colonists, settlers 17 dealer, merchant 18 directed, counseled Directions Select two vocabulary words and use each in a sentence below 19 20 31 16 911 _LRD _TG_ 030-0 31. .. Education What caused parents to take their children from their homes and move them to America? 30 16 911 _LRD _TG_ 030-0 31 12/28/ 05 12 :52 :08 PM Immigrant Children Name Vocabulary Directions Complete