Passive Voice Các điểm lưu ý: +Có 1 số động từ không bao giờ đổi sang bị động: seem, appear, have. +Khi đổi sang bị động những thành phần trong câu chủ động không đổi: trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian , chỉ địa điểm, từ đệm phải giữ nguyên vị trí như trong câu chủ động. +Nếu trong câu chủ động chủ ngữ là nobody, no one thì khi đổi sang bị động, động từ sẽ để ở thể phủ định. Công thức chung : S+BE+past participle(P2) I. CÁC CÔNG THỨC CỤ THỂ CỦA CÁC THÌ: 1. Đối với Hiện tại đơn giản : S + am/is/are+P2 2. Đối với Hiện tại tiếp diễn : S +am/is/are+being+P2 3. Đối với Hiện tại Hòan thành: S + have/has+been+P2 4. Đối với Quá khứ đơn giản: S + was/were+p2 5. Đối với Quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + was/were+being+P2 6. Đối với Tương lai đơn giản: S + will+be+P2 7. Đối với Tương lai gần: S + to be+going to+Be+P2 8. Đối với Tương lai hòan thành: S + will have been+P2 9. Đối với Quá khứ hoàn thành: S + had been+P2 Notes: Các thì HTHT tiếp diễn, TLHT tiếp diễn, TL tiếp diễn, QKHT tiếp diễn không đổi được sang bị động. II/ THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA MODAL VERB 1/ Cấu trúc 1: S + modal Verb +Verb infinitive(Vinf) Dùng để chỉ hành động xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai. >>> Thể bị động S+modal verb + be +P2. EX: I must do this homework. >> This homework must be done. 2/Cấu trúc 2: S + modal Verb + have +P2 Dùng để chỉ những hành động cần phải làm trong quá khứ hoặc đáng lẽ phải xảy ra nhưng không làm. Hoặc những hành động đoán biết chắc hẳn phải xảy ra trong quá khứ. >>>Bị động: S + modal Verb + have been +P2 III/ CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT: 1/ It's your duty to+Vinf >>> bị động: You're supposed to+Vinf EX: It's your duty to make tea today. >> You are supposed to make tea today. 2/ It's impossible to+Vinf >>>bị động: S + can't + be + P2 EX: It's impossible to solve this problem. >> This problem can't be solve. 3/ It's necessary to + Vinf >>> bị động: S + should/ must + be +P2 EX: It's necessary for you to type this letter. >> This letter should/ must be typed by you. 4/ Mệnh lệnh thức + Object. >>> bị động: S + should/must + be +P2. EX: Turn on the lights! >> The lights should be turned on. IV/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ MAKE/ LET. Công thức chủ động : S + make/ let + sb+ Vinf. >>> Bị động: S + make/ let + to + Vinf. EX: My parent never let me do anything by myself. >> I'm never let to do anything by myself. V/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC " NHỜ AI LÀM GÌ". Chủ động: S + have(get) + sb + (to)Vinf >>>Bị động: S + have/ get + st +done. EX: I have my father repair my bike. >> I have my bike repaired by my father. VI/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI SAU NÓ LÀ MỘT ĐỘNG TỪ Ở DẠNG VING. Các động từ đó như : love, like, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, imagine, regret, mind, admit, involve, deny, avoid etc >> Chủ động: S + V + sb +Ving. Bị động: S + V + sb/st + being + P2 EX: I like you wearing this dress. >> I like this dress being worn by you. VII/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TRI GIÁC( Vp --- verb of perception) 1/ Cấu trúc 1: S + Vp + sb + Ving. (Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì và chỉ thấy 1 phần của hành động hoặc 1 hành động dand diễn ra bị 1 hành động khác xen vào) EX: Opening the door, we saw her overhearing us. 2/ Cấu trúc 2: S + Vp + sb + Ving. (Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì từ đầu đến cuối) EX: I saw him close the door and drive his car away. NOTE: riêng các động từ : feel, find, catch thì chỉ sử dụng công thức 1. >> Bị động: S + be + P2(of Vp) + to +Vinf EX: He was seen to close the door and drive his car away. VIII/ BỊ ĐỘNG KÉP. 1/ Khi main verb ở thời HIỆN TẠI. Công thức: People/they + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report .+ that + clause. >> Bị động: a/ It's + thought/said/ supposed/believed/considered/reported .+ that + clause ( trong đó clause = S + Vinf + O) b/ Động từ trong clause để ở thì HTDG: S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed . + to + Vinf EX: People say that he is a good doctor. >> It's said that he is a good doctor. He is said to be a good doctor. c/ Động từ trong clause để ở thời QKDG hoặc HTHT. S + am/is/are + thought/ said/ supposed . + that + to + have + P2. EX: People think he stole my car. >> It's thought he stole my car. He is thought to have stolen my car. 2/ Khi main verb ở thời QUÁ KHỨ. Công thức: People/they + thought/said/supposed .+ that + clause. >>Bị động: a/ It was + thought/ said/ supposed .+ that + clause. b/ Động từ trong clause để ở thì HTDG: S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed . + to + Vinf. EX: People said that he is a good doctor. >> It was said that he is a good doctor. He was said to be a good doctor. c/ Động từ trong clause ở thì QKDG hoặc HTHT: S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed . + to + have + P2. EX: They thought he was one of famous singers. >> It was thought he was one of famous singers. He was thought to have been one of famous singers. IX/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA TÁM ĐỘNG TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT. Các động từ : suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend. Công thức: S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require . + that + clause. ( trong đó clause = S + Vinf + O) >> Bị động: It + was/ will be/ has been/ is . + P2( of 8 verb) + that + st + be + P2. ( trong đó "be" là không đổi vì động từ trong clause ở câu chủ động ở dạng Vinf) EX: He suggested that she buy a new car. >> It was suggessted that a new car be bought. X/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC CHỦ NGỮ GIẢ " IT". Công thức: It + be + adj + for sb + to do st. >>Bị động: It + be + adj + for st + to be done. EX: It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour >> It is difficult for this problem to be finished this test in one hour. XI/ BỊ ĐỘNG TRONG TRƯỜNG HỢP 2 TÂN NGỮ. Trong đó : Oi = Indirect Object. Od = Direct Object. Công thức: S + V + Oi + Od >>Bị động: 1/ Oi + be + P2( of V) + Od. 2/ Od + be + P2( of V) + to Oi. ( riêng động từ " buy" dùng giới từ " for" ). EX: My friend gave me a present on my birthday. >> A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday by my friend. (Theo Home of ELS) Exercises with keys 1) Julia rescued three cats. Three cats were rescued. 2) The students handed in the reports. The reports were handed in. 3) Maria crashed into the blue car. The blue car was crashed into. 4) Alex learned the poem. The poem was learned. 5) Steven has forgotten the book. The book has been forgotten. 6) The mechanic has not repaired the DVD recorder. The DVD recorder has not been repaired. 7) They play handball. Handball is played. 8) Sue puts the rucksack on the floor. The rucksack is put on the floor. 9) The girls had lost the match. The match had been lost. 10) The teacher is not going to open the window. The window is not going to be opened. --------------.\ 1) She bought four apples. Four apples were bought. 2) We won the match. The match was won. 3) The man stole the blue car. The blue car was stolen. 4) The police arrested the thieves. The thieves were arrested. 5) Jack swam the 200 metres. The 200 metres were swum. 6) The dog bit the old lady. The old lady was bitten. 7) Tom and Max ate five hamburgers. Five hamburgers were eaten. 8) Oliver taught the children. The children were taught. 9) Victoria rode the brown horse. The brown horse was ridden. 10) Grandmother told good stories. Good stories were told. --------------------------------------------‘\ 1) They don't speak English in this shop. English is not spoken in this shop. 2) Kevin asked Dennis a question. Dennis was asked a question by Kevin. 3) Somebody built the house last year. The house was built last year. 4) She gives him a box. He is given a box. 5) Max will look after him. He will be looked after by Max. 6) The waiter brought Fred a big steak. A big steak was brought to Fred. 7) Somebody broke into our bungalow last Friday. Last Friday our bungalow was broken into. 8) The teacher told us a joke. We were told a joke by the teacher. 9) They will meet Doris at the station. Doris will be met at the station. 10) Michael has not sent me a text message. I have not been sent a text message. -----------------------\\ Put in the correct form of the verb in Passive into the gaps. Use the verb and the tense given in brackets. Example: A letter __________ by Peter. (to write - Simple Present) Answer: A letter is written by Peter. 1) The words are explained by the teacher today. (to explain - Simple Present) 2) We w ere sent a letter the day before yesterday. (to send - Simple Past) 3) This car w ill not be stolen . It's too old. (not/to steal - will-future) 4) This street has already been closed because of snow. (already/to close - Present Perfect) 5) A new restaurant w ill be opened next week. (to open - will-future) 6) He w as invited to the party yesterday. (to invite - Simple Past) 7) The blue box cannot be seen . (can/not/to see - Simple Present) 8) I w as given the book by my friend last Sunday. (to give - Simple Past) 9) The dishes have not been w ashed by my little brother. (not/to wash - Present Perfect) 10) I w ill not be asked by Robert. (not/to ask - will-future) ----------------------------// They listen to music. She is reading an e-mail. These cars are produced in Japan. Alan teaches Geography. German is spoken in Austria. Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake. Henry Ford invented the assembly line. The bus driver was hurt. You should open your workbooks. Houses have been built. . Grandmother told good stories. Good stories were told. -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - ‘ 1) They don't speak English in this shop. English. brother. (not/to wash - Present Perfect) 10) I w ill not be asked by Robert. (not/to ask - will-future) -- -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- / / They listen to music.