CHUN ĐỀ : PHRASAL VERBS (CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ ) A/ Trong tiếng Anh đại, người ta hay dùng hay hai particle (giới từ hay trạng từ ) sau động từ để có khác ý nghóa Ví dụ: - give away = give sth to someone/anyone ( Cho , tặng ) = to make known sth that sb wants to keep secret ( thổ lộ, tiết lộ ra, tố giác ) - give up = abandon (a habit or attempt) ( từ bỏ moat thói quen, moat nổ lực …) - look after = take care of ( Chăm sóc) - look for = search for, seek ( tìm kiếm ) - look out = beware ( Hãy cẩn thận, coi chừng ) B/ Có hai loại : Intransitive Verbs + Particle + Object PHRASAL VERBS Transitive Verbs + Particle + Object ( inseparable Phr Verbs) Noun Verbs + Pronoun + particle + Noun (on , off, up, down, in, out, away) a/ intransitive phrasal verbs ( object) EX: The plane will take off at 15:00 b/ Transitive phrasal verbs ( có object – danh từ đại từ ) + Inseparable transitive phrasal verbs ( Pharsal verbs khơng thể tách – Object ln sau particle) Ex: We are looking for my key ( Wrong: We are looking my key for ) + Separable transitive phrasal verbs ( Pharsal verbs tách )  Phrasal verbs thường tách particles là: on , off, up, down, in, out, away  Nếu Object danh từ, đặt sau hay phrasal verbs) Ex: Remember to turn off the lights when going out Remember to turn the lights off when going out Nếu Object đại từ (me, us, it, them, you him, her …) thi ln đặt phrsal verb ) Ex: Please turn it off ( Wrong : Please turn off it ) Phrasal verbs take after (sb) : look like; resemble : 13 bring (sb) up ( often in passive): to giống care for a child, teaching him or her how to behave, etc: chăm sóc , dạy dỗ take sth/sb on: (of a bus, plane or ship) Ex: * She brought up five children to allow sb/sth to enter: cho lên xe, tàu … * He was brought up by his aunt take up: learn or start doing sth: bắt đầu 14 take sth down: to write sth down: a/ làm điều … ghi chép; take off: a/ to remove sth, especially a Ex: * Reporters took down every piece of clothing from your/sb's body: cởi word of his speech bỏ ( mủ , quần áo) ≠ put on b/ to leave the ground and begin to fly : b/ to remove a structure: tháo dỡ ( máy bay) cất cánh Ex: * The students are taking the tent take sth off sth: to remove an amount of down before leaving money or a number of marks, points, etc in 15 wake sb up : làm tỉnh táo / đánh order to reduce the total: rút bớt (tiền, thức điểm ) cho Ex: A cold shower will soon wake you take (sth) in : thu nạp, hiểu, nhớ up điều 16 Take advantage of : tận dụng , lợi Take part in: participate in: to be dụng involved in: tham gia Ex: * We took full advantage of the hotel Take sth out: vay tiền ngân hàng facilities * She took advantage of the take sth away: gỡ bỏ, làm buồn children's absence to tidy their rooms phiền đau đớn 17 give up : [nopassive] to stop doing or 10 take over: đảm nhận vò trí ( ai), đảm having sth: từ bỏ Ex: She didn't give up trách công việc work when she had the baby 11 take place: diễn ra, xảy theo kếâ 18 go on: tiếp tục hoạch 19 go up ≠ go down: lên giá ≠ xuống giá 12 put up with : tolerate: chòu đựng 20 go after sb: to chase or follow sb: Ex: I'm not going to put up with their chạy theo; đuổi theo smoking any longer 52 stay on : tiếp tục làm … = keep on; 21 go off : + nổ ; vang lên Ex: The bomb carry on went off in a crowded street + làm 53 fall behind sb/sth : không theo kòp điều Ex: He went off to get a drink mức độ với ai, rớt lại phía sau … Ex: + thực phẩm, nước uồng hư hỏng; chất She soon fell behind the leaders lượng xấu Ex: You shouldn’t drink it 54 give in (to sb / sth) : đầu hàng , chòu  It goes off 22 go out : tắt ( đèn lửa) 23 go away: xa ( qua 01 đêm trở lên ) 24 go over : ôn lại bài; xem lại, kiểm tra lại 25 look after sb / sth: chăm sóc 26 look up : tra tìm từ , vấn đề tự điền, sách 27 look up to sb: to admire or respect sb : ngưỡng mộ 28 look up at sth: ngước nhìn lên ( V+ pre.) 29 put on: mặc quần áo, đeo, mang 30 put sth out : Bỏ … - Ex: I put the rubbish out 31 put off= delay: hoãn lại Ex: He keeps putting off going to the dentist 32 turn ( sth ) on : mở đèn , … 33 turn (sth) off : tắt …… 34 turn up: xuất , đến Ex: Do you think many people will turn up? 35 turn down: refuse: từ chối, bác bỏ khơng xrm xét đơn … : vặn nhỏ âm thanh, thiết bị … Ex: Why did she turn down your invitation? Please turn the volume down 36 try sb / sth out : thử nghiệm, dùng thử xem có tốt hay không Ex: They're trying out a new presenter for the show 37 try sth on : mặc thử, mang thử xem có vừa không Ex: Try the shoes on before you buy them thua … Ex: The rebels (quân loạn) were forced to give in 55 wait up : chậm lại, chờ … Ex: Wait up – you're walking too fast for me 56 wait up for sb: thức khuya chờ Ex: I'll be back very late so don't wait up for me 57 grow up : trưởng thành 58 watch out ( for sth / sb): coi chừng ! Ex: Watch out! There's a car coming! 59 fill sth in (out): điền đơn 60 break down : máy móc hư; thất bại Ex: The telephone system has broken down * The car broke down on the freeway *Negotiations between the two sides have broken down 61 set off ( for) : to begin a journey: khởi hành chuyến Ex: We set off for London just after ten 62 drop out (of sth) : bỏ cuộc: He drooped out of the English class * She started an engineering degree but dropped out after only a year 63 show sth / sb off: khoe khoang Ex: She wanted to show off her new dress at the party 64 cross sth out : gạch bỏ chữ sai 65 close sth down : ngừng hoạt động ( kinh doanh) Ex: All the firms around here were closed down in the 1980s 66 move in / into sth: bắt đầu chuyển vào (nhà mới) để 67 doze off : go to sleep: ngủ 38 hold sth / sb up : ( often passive): làm hoãn , cản trở tiến triển , di chuyển … Ex: *An accident is holding up traffic 39 get over sth: overcome: vượt qua, thắng Ex: She can’t get over her shyness 40 catch up with : bắt kip, đuổi theo kip 41 keep up with: theo kip ai, nắm bắt kip thông tin; tiếp tục liên lạc với 42 keep sth up: tiếp tục trì mức độ Ex: The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up 43 cool sb off / down: làm cho bình tónh lại 44 speak up : nói to lên 45 Bring sth out: make sth noticable Ex: A crisis can bring out the best and the worst in people 46 bring sth back: to remind : gợi nhớ 47 Bring sb in sth / bring in sth : to make or earn a particular amount of money: kiếm tiền, thu nhập Ex:* His freelance work brings him in about $20000 a year 48 bring sth about: to make sth happen = cause: gây Ex: What brought about the change in his attitude? 49 bring sth off : to succeed in doing sth difficult: Đạt thành công ( qua khó khăn) Ex: * It was a difficult task but we brought it off The goalie brought off a superb save 50 wash up / wash sth up: to wash plates, glasses, … after a meal: rửa chén Ex: She dozed off in front of the fire 68 see sb off: tiễn xa 69 give sth away to sb : tặng cho 70 give sth/sb away: tiết lộ bí mật ; tiết lộ tâm tư Ex: She gave away state secrets to the enemy Her eyes when she said gave her away 71 give sb back sth / give sth back to sb : trả cho 72 hand sth in ( to sb): giao nộp Ex: Please give your work in before Monday 73 turn round/ around : quay lại Ex: Turn around and let me look at your back 74 make oneself / sb up: trang điểm Ex: She always makes up when going to the office 75 make sth up: tạo nên,nghó điều gì;bòa câu chuyện Ex: *They made up a little poem and wrote it in the card *Women make up 40 per cent of the workforce * She always makes up a story for her lateness make sth out : + to write out or complete a form or document: viết điền vào … Ex: * He made out a cheque for pound100 + make sth out:to understand sth; to see the reasons for sth: Hiểu Ex: I can't make out what she wants 76 calm (sb / sth) down : bình tónh – làm bình tónh 51 show sb round: hướng dẫn thăm quan Ex: Has anyone shown you round yet? 78 try sth on: thử - Try the shoes on before you buy them 77 B BÀI TẬP Exercise I/ Choose the most appropriate preposition to fill in each blank up after on off in I’d like to listen to some music Would you please turn the radio… .? Please try to give… smoking It is not good for your health Don’t put… your homework anymore The deadline is coming When I was young, my uncle looked… me because my parents were abroad Before you enter the class, you need to fill… this form so that we can have your personal information Exercise II Choose one of the following phrasal verbs to complete the sentneces look up look after find out go on turn down give up grow up break down We'll buy a smaller house when the children _and left home The computer isn't working - it this morning It was not problem We _his number in the telephone book Who _the cats when we go away on holiday? I where he lived by checking in the local library My headaches have been much better since I drinking coffee 'What here? What are you doing?' I _ their offer because they weren't going to pay me enough money Exercise III- Choose from the four options given(marked A,B,C or D) one best answer to complete each sentence The driver skidded and ….a dog A ran B ran in to C ran after D ran over Aren’t you going to …the dress…before you buy it? A try/ X B try/ up C try/ on D try /in I’m sorry, sir But you’ve already worn these dress That’s why we can’t…it… A take/ back B take /after C take/ in D take/ again Are you telling the truth? Or are you … this story A making B making up C making for D doing Perhaps important supplies of food and minerals were suddenly…………………… A cut out B cut off C cut down D cut back His alarm clock is always set for six o'clock He arises at the same time every day A turns off B gets up C puts on D puts in She telephoned her friend to tell him about the meeting They decided to drive there together A turned on B took off C called up D called on Some old friends of mine visited us last night A called on B called up C wore out D wore in Fortunately, Marie is associating well with her new co-workers A calling on B talking over C getting along with D calling in Exercise IV Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the phrasal verb in brackets You may have to change the form Peter is just like his father! (take after) Peter _ Quite by chance, Brenda met Philip at the station, (run into) Brenda Tina's car stopped working on the way to Scotland, (break down) Tina's car Ruth's party has been postponed until next month, (put off) Ruth's party It would be a good idea to stop drinking coffee, (give up) It would be a good idea I saw their number in the phone directory, (look up) I _ We offered them £250,000 for the house but they refused our offer, (turn down) We offered them £250,000 for the house It took me a long time to recover from my illness, (get over) It took me _ I’m thinking about my next holiday with pleasure (look) I’m looking forward 10 You don’t need to wear your rain coat it is so hot here ( take) You can _ ... putting off going to the dentist 32 turn ( sth ) on : mở đèn , … 33 turn (sth) off : tắt …… 34 turn up: xuất , đến Ex: Do you think many people will turn up? 35 turn down: refuse: từ chối, bác bỏ... áo) ≠ put on b/ to leave the ground and begin to fly : b/ to remove a structure: tháo dỡ ( máy bay) cất cánh Ex: * The students are taking the tent take sth off sth: to remove an amount of down... Object đại từ (me, us, it, them, you him, her …) thi ln đặt phrsal verb ) Ex: Please turn it off ( Wrong : Please turn off it ) Phrasal verbs take after (sb) : look like; resemble : 13 bring (sb)