LÝ THUY T VÀ BÀI T P CÂU Đ O NG ( ĐẢO NGỮ GIỮA CHỦ TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ ) Người Anh thường đảo ngữ câu để nhấn mạnh Có nhiều cách đảo ngữ khác I Đảo ngữ trạng từ nơi chốn phương hướng Trạng từ nơi chốn gồm có HERE THERE, nhóm chữ giới từ nơi chốn Ta đặt trang từ ( nhóm chữ nơi chốn ) đứng đầu câu, động từ trước chủ từ, không dùng TR ĐỘNG TỪ để đảo Thí dụ : - The bus comes here > Here comes the bus - A frog sat on the grass > On the grass sat a frog - Thirteen candles are on the birthday cake  On the birthday cake are thirteen candles II Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI Ta bỏ IF đặt SHOULD đầu câu Thí dụ : - If you have difficulty finding a job, ask him for help > Should you have difficulty finding a job, ask him for help CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI : Có trường hợp : a Câu điều kiện với WERE Ta bỏ IF, đặt WERE đầu câu Thí dụ : - If I were you, I would take the job > Were I you, I would take the job b Câu điều kiện với động từ khác Ta bỏ IF, đặt WERE đứng đầu câu, động từ mệnh đề Ifù trả dạng "to infinitive" Thí dụ : - If you worked for him, you would have the opportunity to promote > Were you to work for him, you would have the opportunity to promote CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI Ta bỏ IF đưa HAD đứng đầu câu Thí dụ : - If he had got up early, he would have caught the first train  Had he got up early, he would have caught the first train III Đảo ngữ mệnh đề trạng từ kết Ta đặt So + Adj đứng đầu câu đến"to be" trợ động từ trước chủ từ Thí dụ : - He is so lazy that he always gets bad marks > So lazy is he that he always gets bad marks - She looks so fat that everyone laughs at her > So fat does she look that everyone laughs at her Page - She bought so many things that she couldn't bring all of them home > So many things did she buy that she couldn't bring all of them home IV Đảo ngữ với trạng từ phủ đònh bán phủ đònh - Các trạng từ phủ đònh gồm có : Never, No longer, Not only, Nowhere, At no time Under no circumstance - Các trạng từ bán phủ đònh gồm có : Seldom, Rarely, Scarcely, Little, Hardly Để đảo ngữ, ta đặt "to be" trợ động từ trước chủ từ Thí dụ : - I have never seen such a best film before > Never have I seen such a best film before - She is not only intelligent but she is also hard-working > Not only is she intelligent but she is also hard-working - He hardly thinks of going abroad > Hardly does he think of going abroad - We seldom go to school on Sundays > Seldom we go to school on Sundays V Đảo ngữ với trạng từ ONLY Để đảo ngữ, ta phải đem nhóm chữ bắt đầu ONLY đầu câu, sau đảo ngữ Thí dụ : - That man works only for the love of money > Only for the love of money does that man work - You can only become a good athlete by practicing every day > Only by practicing every day can you become a good athlete - This tree has flowers only once a year > Only once a years does this tree have flowers VI Đảo ngữ với NOT UNTIL Ta đem NOT UNTIL đầu câu đảo ngữ giốùng ONLY Thí dụ : - Mary didn't begin to read until she was > Not until she was did Mary begin to read - I didn't recognize him until he came into the light > Not umtil he came into the light did I recognize him CHÚ Ý : * Ta dùng cấu trúc nhấn mạnh " It was that " với thí dụ - It was not until she was that Mary began to read ( không đảo ngữ, nghia ) * NOT UNTIL ONLY WHEN thay cho Thí dụ : - He didn't know about the truth until he grew up > Only when he grew up did he know about the truth VI Đảo ngữ với : - NO SOONER THAN - HARDLY WHEN - SCARCELY WHEN ) Vừa ) ) Thí dụ : - I had no sooner arrived home than it began to rain > No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain Page - He had hardly begun the trip when he fell ill > Hardly had he begun the trip when he fell ill - She had scarcely put the phone down when her boss rang back -> Scarcely had she put the phone down when her boss rang back Page EXERCISE I N V E R S I O N I Chọn từ / nhóm từ thích hợp cho chỗ trống để hoàn thành câu sau , you would have succeeded in your business A If you listened to my advice B Were you to listen to my advice C Had you listened to my advice D As long as you listened to my advice She doesn’t like classical music and _ A I don’t, too B I don’t, either C neither I D B and C are correct Little what he has caused to others A does he know B he knows C he can know D he will know had he entered the office than he realized that he had left his wallet at home A Hardly B Scarcely C No sooner D Not only a week goes by without some road accidents A Hardly B Seldom C Never D Infrequently II Tìm lỗi sai từ / cụm từ gạch chân đánh dấu A, B, C D We cannot clean up all the polluted seas and rivers Nor we can stop the disappearance of plants A B C (can we) D and animals Hardly had he entered the office when he realized that he forgot his wallet A B C D (had forgotten) It was not until he was 30 did he get married , had a job and lived independently of his parents A B (that he got married) C D Never before has so many people in the U.S been interested in soccer A B (have) C D 10 Not only did he spend all his money but also he borrowed some from me A B C (but he also) D III Chọn câu viết lại có nghóa tương đương 11 I write to her almost every day A Not a day goes by unless my writing to her B Hardly does a day go by without my writing to her C No day go by without my writing to her D Almost every day goes by without my writing for her 12 The noise next door didn’t stop until midnight A It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped B Not until midnight did the noise next door stopped C Only when midnight did the noise next door stopped D Hardly did the noise next door stopped when it was midnight 13 He started computer programming as soon as he left school A No sooner had he started computer programming than he left school B Hardly had he started computer programming when he left school Page C No sooner had he left school than he started computer programming D After he left school, he had started computer programming 14 He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me A As soon as he borrowed some money from me, he spent it all B Hardly had he borrowed some money from me when he spent it all C Not only did he spent all his money but also he borrowed some from me D Not only did he spend all his money but he borrowed some from me as well 15 She only felt relaxed after a few months working for him A She used to feel relaxed working for him a few months B A few months ago, she didn’t find it relaxed working for him C Only after a few months working for him did she feel relaxed D It was not until a few months working for him did she feel relaxed 16 Right after his appointment to the post, he fell ill A No sooner did he appointed to the post than he fell ill B No sooner had he appointed to the post than he fell ill C Hardly had he appointed to the post when he fell ill D Hardly had he been appointed to the post when he fell ill 17 Just after solving one problem, I was faced with another A Scarcely had I solved one problem when I was faced with another B Hardly had I solved one problem when I was faced with another C No sooner had I solved one problem than I was faced with another D All are correct 18 A country cannot be prosperous if it is not quite independent A Unless a country is quite independent, it can be prosperous B Without complete independence, a country can be prosperous C Only when a country is quite independent can it be prosperous D It is not until a country is quite independent can it be prosperous 19 I only recognized him when he came into the light A Only when I recognized him, he came into the light B It wasn’t until he came into the light that I recognized him C Not until he came into the light I did recognize him D I did not recognize him even when he came into the light 20 We couldn’t relax until all the guests had left A Not until all the guests had left could we relax B It wasn’t until all the guests had left that we could relax C It wasn’t until all the guests had left could we relax D A and B are correct 21 The phone stopped ringing the moment I got downstairs A No sooner had the phone stopped ringing than I got downstairs B After the phone had stopped ringing, I got downstairs C Hardly had the phone stopped ringing when I got downstairs D No sooner had I got downstairs than the phone stopped ringing 22 The light failed the moment they began work A But for the light failed, they would have begun work B Hardly did they begin work when the light failed C Hardly had they begun work when the light failed D As soon as the light failed, they began work Page 23 She didn’t shed a tear as the play ended in tragedy A The tragedy play wasn’t good for her to shed tear B Without her tear, the play didn’t end tragically C So tragic was the play that she didn’t shed a tear D Not a tear did she shed when the play ended in tragedy IV Chọn phương án ( A, B, C, D ) để hoàn thành câu sau 24 It was not until she had arrived home _ her appointment with the doctor A when she remembered B that she remembered C and she remembered D did she remember 25 Canada does not require that U.S citizens obtain passports to enter the country, and _ A Mexico doesn’t, too B so does Mexico C Mexico doesn’t, either D neither is Mexico 26 , he would have been able to pass the exam A If he studied harder last year B Provided he studied hard last year C Studying harder last year D Had he studied harder last year 27 _ will Mr Dennis be able to regain control of the company A With hard work B Despite his hard work C Only if he works hardly D Only by working hard 28 had I arrived home than it began to rain A No sooner B Hardly C Scarcely D Rarely 29 My father paid my fees _that, I wouldn’t be here now A If there were not B But for C Had it not been for D B and C are correct 30 Only after food has been dried or canned A it should be stored for future use B that it should be stored for future use C should it be stored for future use D should it store for future use Page ANSWER KEY 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 C D A C D C (can we) D (had forgotten) B (that he got married) B (have) C (but he also) B A C D C D D C B D D C D B C D D A C C Page ... school on Sundays > Seldom we go to school on Sundays V Đảo ngữ với trạng từ ONLY Để đảo ngữ, ta phải đem nhóm chữ bắt đầu ONLY đầu câu, sau đảo ngữ Thí dụ : - That man works only for the love of... flowers only once a year > Only once a years does this tree have flowers VI Đảo ngữ với NOT UNTIL Ta đem NOT UNTIL đầu câu đảo ngữ giốùng ONLY Thí dụ : - Mary didn't begin to read until she was >... read ( không đảo ngữ, nghia ) * NOT UNTIL ONLY WHEN thay cho Thí dụ : - He didn't know about the truth until he grew up > Only when he grew up did he know about the truth VI Đảo ngữ với : - NO