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IELTS Cue Card Sample: Describe An Bike/ Car Trip, Describe A Game/ Sport tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận...
Annals of MathematicsAn Iterative Method of Solving a GameAuthor(s): Julia RobinsonReviewed work(s):Source: Annals of Mathematics, Second Series, Vol. 54, No. 2 (Sep., 1951), pp. 296-301Published by: Annals of MathematicsStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1969530 .Accessed: 09/12/2012 05:11Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp .JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. .Annals of Mathematics is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annals ofMathematics.http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.206 on Sun, 9 Dec 2012 05:11:53 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.206 on Sun, 9 Dec 2012 05:11:53 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.206 on Sun, 9 Dec 2012 05:11:53 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.206 on Sun, 9 Dec 2012 05:11:53 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.206 on Sun, 9 Dec 2012 05:11:53 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.206 on Sun, 9 Dec 2012 05:11:53 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.206 on Sun, 9 Dec 2012 05:11:53 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions VnDoc - Tải tài liệu, văn pháp luật, biểu mẫu miễn phí IELTS Cue Card Sample: Describe An Bike/ Car Trip, Describe A Game/ Sport Describe a bicycle/motorbike/car trip that is interesting You should say: Where you would like to go How you would like to go there Who you would like to go with And explain why you would like to go there by car, motorbike or bike Band 8.0+ Sample Answer There is a thing that troubles me more often than not when living in Vietnam is the majority of people are riding motorbikes rather than cars As a result, most people don’t know how to drive a car, I included, which also itches me since I have always wanted to take a road trip across the country A road trip by car from the south to the north of Vietnam would be tough and adventurous because hundreds of marvelous destinations are awaiting to be explored However, it is worth taking risks and stepping out of your comfort zone to truly experience what life has to offer when your legs can still carry you rather than to regret in your later life “If you wanna go fast, go alone If you wanna go far, go together.” It might be fun if you were a lone traveler and didn’t enjoy getting lagged behind your schedule Still, the adventure could be more colorful and unexpected, hopefully in a good way, when you got company, especially during a long journey like the one I prefer Hence, picking up a close friend or two who share the same vision, the sameeagerness to capture the beauty of Vietnam would be my choice We would start from the south where we are living and move north on the go, stopping at our favorite beaches like Phu Quoc, Nha Trang… a little longer than other places because there ain’t nobody don’t have time for juicy coconuts and white sand paradise Vietnamese cuisine would also be our utmost priority whenever we reach a new place as the best way to live like a local is to eat like a local A car is our best choice because it would give us room to comfortably converse with each other and shelter from inclement VnDoc - Tải tài liệu, văn pháp luật, biểu mẫu miễn phí weather during our journey, if any It is not only about the destinations but also about the time I would love to spend with my dear friends as we would share the same space in a four-wheel vehicle along the road; and at the end of the day, it’s the people that matters Vocabulary & Useful Expression more often than not: usually take risks: to something that might be dangerous have to offer: have something available to be used or appreciated get lagged behind: get fallen behind cuisine (n): style of cooking utmost (a): greatest; most extreme inclement (a): (of the weather) not pleasant; cold, wet, etc at the end of the day: in the end, finally shelter (v): protect or shield from something harmful, especially bad weather Describe A Game/ Sport You should say: – what kind of sport that is; – who you play it with; – where you play it; and explain why you think doing this is healthy VnDoc - Tải tài liệu, văn pháp luật, biểu mẫu miễn phí Band 8.0+ Sample Answer I’m not a great swimmer in any sense but swimming is like my religion It is truly refreshing andliterally, washes away every disturbing thought I have whenever I dive into cold water No matter how tight my schedule may get, I usually pay at least one visit to a local swimming pool to work myself upand get rejuvenated Sometimes, I have a partner or two, who have been my best friends since high school We live in the same neighborhood so it’s not too stressful when we have to set a schedule for our swimming session We carpool more often than not and it takes us roughly 15 minutes to get to the local recreation centerwhere it provides the locals with a variety of facilities for training purpose such as gym class, stadium, swimming pool, tennis court and so on, which is extremely convenient for those who practice more than one activity The only thing better then swimming itself is swimming with your besties, which is one of hundreds of things I love about my weekly ritual Hardly we have time to meet each other during week days as we’re all up to our neck at work and totally stressed out Therefore, having such a healthy way to catch up with my friends and recharge battery after an exhausting week never sounds better Just like any other sports, swimming helps maintain your health, keep you fit as well as build your endurance However, unlike others, it’s a very relaxing and peaceful form of exercise, you don’t even sweat for hours – a supreme advantage Therefore, if you’re looking for a kind of sport that brings you comfort andrelaxation, swimming should be your first choice Vocabulary & Useful expression refreshing (a): making you feel less tired or hot literally (adv): in a literal manner or sense; exactly disturbing (a): making you feel anxious and upset or shocked work up: make yourself or another person excited or upset rejuvenate (v): make somebody/something look or feel younger, more lively or more modern VnDoc - Tải tài liệu, ...Proceedings of the ACL 2010 Conference Short Papers, pages 313–317, Uppsala, Sweden, 11-16 July 2010. c 2010 Association for Computational Linguistics Using Speech to Reply to SMS Messages While Driving: An In-Car Simulator User Study Yun-Cheng Ju, Tim Paek Microsoft Research Redmond, WA USA {yuncj|timpaek}@microsoft.com Abstract Speech recognition affords automobile drivers a hands-free, eyes-free method of replying to Short Message Service (SMS) text messages. Although a voice search approach based on template matching has been shown to be more robust to the chal- lenging acoustic environment of automo- biles than using dictation, users may have difficulties verifying whether SMS re- sponse templates match their intended meaning, especially while driving. Using a high-fidelity driving simulator, we com- pared dictation for SMS replies versus voice search in increasingly difficult driv- ing conditions. Although the two ap- proaches did not differ in terms of driving performance measures, users made about six times more errors on average using dictation than voice search. 1 Introduction Users love Short Message Service (SMS) text messaging; so much so that 3 trillion SMS mes- sages are expected to have been sent in 2009 alone (Stross, 2008). Because research has shown that SMS messaging while driving results in 35% slower reaction time than being intox- icated (Reed & Robbins, 2008), campaigns have been launched by states, governments and even cell phone carriers to discourage and ban SMS messaging while driving (DOT, 2009). Yet, au- tomobile manufacturers have started to offer in- fotainment systems, such as the Ford Sync, which feature the ability to listen to incoming SMS messages using text-to-speech (TTS). Au- tomatic speech recognition (ASR) affords users a hands-free, eyes-free method of replying to SMS messages. However, to date, manufacturers have not established a safe and reliable method of le- veraging ASR, though some researchers have begun to explore techniques. In previous re- search (Ju & Paek, 2009), we examined three ASR approaches to replying to SMS messages: dictation using a language model trained on SMS responses, canned responses using a probabilistic context-free grammar (PCFG), and a “voice search” approach based on template matching. Voice search proceeds in two steps (Natarajan et al., 2002): an utterance is first converted into text, which is then used as a search query to match the most similar items of an index using IR techniques (Yu et al., 2007). For SMS replies, we created an index of SMS response templates, with slots for semantic concepts such as time and place, from a large SMS corpus. After convolv- ing recorded SMS replies so that the audio would exhibit the acoustic characteristics of in-car rec- ognition, they compared how the three approach- es handled the convolved audio with respect to the top n-best reply candidates. The voice search approach consistently outperformed dictation and canned responses, achieving as high as 89.7% task completion with respect to the top 5 reply candidates. Even if the voice search approach may be more robust to in-car noise, this does not guaran- tee that it will be more usable. Indeed, because voice search can only match semantic concepts contained in the templates (which may or may not utilize the same wording as the Building an Electric Car A Little History The early 1900s EVs held the land-speed record, and had greater range than Gasoline cars Gasoline was cheap (1/cent litre), electricity was expensive (20 cents/kWh) The Model-T was powered by Gasoline 100 years of development Gasoline cars are an accident of history My EV 1991 Daihatsu Charade 10-50 kW electric motor 12 lead acid deep cycle batteries (144V, 75AH) 50 km range, out accelerates original car conversion cost $14,000 ($6,000 - $25,000) 300-400 hours work (mechanical dummy) It really works! EVs compared 1 moving part low maintenance 90% efficient heavy 50-150km range clean renewable fuel 1000 moving parts regular maintenance 15% efficient light 400km range dirty non-renewable Peak Oil The term “Non-renewable” has become a cliché It means this: one day it is going to stop Before then it will get scarce and very expensive If we really depend on that resource, it is going to really really hurt. Australia 1 Mb/day, world 85 Mb/day, 31 Bb/yr growth Growth GROWTH Peak Oil Peak Oil Best Thing About EVs The Fuel is made right here in South Australia (in fact on my roof) Parts for a Conversion Electric Motor ($1,900) Batteries ($5,400) Speed Controller ($2,100) Charger ($1,000) Adapter Plate & Coupling ($1,500) Vacuum pump, metal stock, welding cable Not counted (Donor car, tyres, brakes, tools) Challenges Low skill level with cars Welding Electrical engineering EVs Great community, just like open source Web resources Everyone is fascinated (mechanics, friends) and helpful Describe a journey by car, train, ship etc, which was particularly memorable for some reason, either good or bad Describe a journey by car, train, ship etc, which was particularly memorable for some reason, either good or bad Anyhow we had to set out. Our holidays were coming to an end but our plan to take a trip/journey by car to Dalat was not able to be realized yet. Our thoughts about Dalat with her gorgeous cherry blossoms and scenic views were urging us to start our journey. Then one morning our dream came true. We hired a four- seat-traveling car and drove straight to Dalat early in the morning. Splendid landscapes at dawn on either side of the road were unfolding before us. The refreshing morning breeze was caressing our skin and in high spirits we were singing merrily. When reaching Blao winding pass, we caught sight of a red car running in front of us. We sped down the pass. It seemed to us that the young girl in the red car did not want to be overtaken; so she drove her car at a tremendous speed. Suddenly she lost her balance, her car swerved to the left, crashed into the slope and overturned. Quite frightened, we braked hard and jumped out of our car. We tried to turn her car up and pull out the girl trapped in the car. The girl escaped death by a hair’s breadth, shivering like an aspen leaf. In spite of her sudden shock, she looked very beautiful just like an angel with her short- cut hair, oval face and bright blue eyes. After a while, recovering from her panic, she timidly thanked us for having rescued her in time then she looked at her flat tyre in despair. Reading her thought, we took off our shirts and began to remove the punctured tyre and fix the spare wheel for her. As soon as the work had been done, we started our journey again together with Da Huong Lan – the girl’s name. Having just escaped from the terrible accident and witnessed it, we all drove more slowly and carefully. At last we reached our destination very late in the evening. Before saying goodbye to us, the girl once again thanked us and did not forget to put down the name of our hotel in her pocket calendar. We were invited to Da Huong Lan’s house that very night. Her parents heartily welcomed us and thanked us for having saved their daughter’s life. Now whenever I see the hyacinth blooming on smooth hill slopes of Dalat town, I recall the girl bearing the name of this flower and wonder whether she still keeps that unforgettable memory of such a dangerous journey. Describe a visit to an interesting exhibition Last week an exhibition of paintings by famous artists was organized by the cultural and Artistic Association at The Art Gallery on Nguyen Hue street. Being very fond of paintings, I myself went there early in the morning. When I arrived, the Art Gallery had been packed with people. Groups by groups of people were entering the exhibition halls, their faces were radiant with joy. On the walls, different patterns of modern paintings were hung: charcoal drawings, pencil drawings and oil paintings were on display. Most of them reflect daily activities and some of them bring us into a world of imagination and dreams. As I strolled through the exhibition halls, I heard the voices of lecturers who were telling the visitors about the artists and their works. An oil painting by Lu Tong Dao, one of the most famous artists in HCM city, portraying a scene at twilight in the country attracted my attention best: on a long and lonely road, a buffalo tender, sitting astride on his animal, is leisurely playing a flute on his way home. Gorgeous glows of the twilight are spreading on the golden rice fields, turning them into yellow velvet carpets. From afar, in the blue sky, a flock of storks are stretching their white wings, gently flying towards their warm nests. The painting did remind me of my happy boyhood in my native village where I lived my happiest days in my life. Being rather tired after hours of walking I sat down on a bench and talked to others about the exhibition. The exhibition offered me precious minutes of relaxation and enriched my imagination. It brought me back into my happy and peaceful past, full of love and tenderness, among my dear ones. Before leaving the exhibition halls, I bought the postcards of my favorite paintings to keep as souvenirs or to send to friends abroad. ... often than not: usually recreation center: a building that is open to the public where meetings are held, sports are played, and there are activities available for young and old people ritual (n):... my friends and recharge battery after an exhausting week never sounds better Just like any other sports, swimming helps maintain your health, keep you fit as well as build your endurance However,... it’s a very relaxing and peaceful form of exercise, you don’t even sweat for hours – a supreme advantage Therefore, if you’re looking for a kind of sport that brings you comfort andrelaxation,