Map of Objective Proficiency Student’s Book TOPIC LESSON FOCUS EXAM SKILLS GRAMMAR VOCABULARY Unit Ring the changes 8–13 Talking about change 1.1 Listening and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar 1.3 Summary skills Paper Listening: Paper Reading: Paper Use of English: (Summary sentences) Perfect tenses Introduction to idioms Phrasal verbs Suffix endings Exam folder 14–15 Unit Expectation 16–21 Expectations Paper Use of English: Open cloze Paper Use of English: Word formation cloze 1.1 Reading and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar and vocabulary 1.3 Listening and speaking Paper Reading: Paper Use of English: Listening for details Paper Speaking: Word formation – noun endings Similes Idioms – nouns used Pronunciation: homophones as verbs Aspects of the future Prepositional phrases Have no + noun Writing folder 22–23 Paper Writing: Letter 1.1 Listening and Unit vocabulary Strange behaviour 24–29 1.2 Grammar Human and animal 1.3 Summary skills behaviour Listening for true/false Paper Use of English: and (Reformulation 1) Exam folder 30–31 Paper Use of English: Gapped sentences Paper Use of English: Key word transformations Unit Sweet rituals 32–37 Food and ritual 1.1 Reading and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar and vocabulary 1.3 Listening and speaking Writing folder 38–39 Paper Reading: Paper Speaking: Conditional forms Idioms – order of words Quite, rather, fairly Negative adjectives Past tenses Collocation Compound adjectives Adjectives and idioms to with food Countable/uncountable nouns Possession Preposition review Spelling Idioms with right Abstract nouns Degrees of likelihood Phrases with take Collocations with adjectives and adverbs Idioms with music words Paper Writing: Review Revision Units 1–4 40–41 Unit The consumer society 42–47 Advertising, shopping Paper Listening: Paper Reading: Paper Use of English: (Working with two texts) 1.1 Listening and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar 1.3 Summary skills Exam folder 48–49 Unit The sound of music 50–55 Music Paper Use of English: Comprehension questions and summary writing task 1.1 Reading and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar and vocabulary 1.3 Listening and speaking Writing folder 56–57 Unit Vision on 58–63 Art and sight Paper Reading: Paper Use of English: and Paper Listening: Paper Speaking: Pronunciation: contrastive stress Paper Writing: Essay 1.1 Listening and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar 1.3 Summary skills Paper Listening: Paper Use of English: and (Questions on the texts 1) Participle clauses Idioms with eye Extended noun phrases map of objective proficienc y student ’s book TOPIC LESSON FOCUS Exam folder 64–65 Unit Urban jungle 66–71 City living EXAM SKILLS GRAMMAR VOCABULARY Paper Reading: Lexical cloze 1.1 Reading and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar and vocabulary 1.3 Listening and speaking Writing folder 72–73 Paper Reading: Paper Use of English: and Paper Speaking: Inversion Compound adjectives Words with negative connotation Idioms by key word Gerunds and infinitives Idioms with come Prefixes Personal appearance, personality Past verb forms Expressions with turn Paper Writing: Proposal Revision Units 5–8 74–75 Unit Fitting in 76–81 Attitudes 1.1 Listening and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar and vocabulary 1.3 Summary skills Exam folder 82–83 Unit 10 Globalisation 84–89 Language and culture Paper Reading: Gapped text 1.1 Reading and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar and vocabulary 1.3 Listening and speaking Writing folder 90–91 Unit 11 For better, for worse 92–97 Relationships Reference devices Paper Reading: Paper Use of English: and Paper Listening: Paper Speaking: Pronunciation: word stress Paper Writing: Article 1.1 Listening and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar 1.3 Summary skills Exam folder 98–101 Unit 12 At the cutting edge 102–107 Scientific advances Paper Listening: Paper Use of English: and (Linking 1) Gradable and ungradable Paper Listening: Paper Use of English: 1, adjectives and (Reformulation 2) Idioms to with relationships Phrasal verbs Paper Reading: Themed texts 1.1 Reading and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar and vocabulary 1.3 Listening and speaking Writing folder 108–109 Paper Reading: Paper Use of English: Paper Speaking: Passive structures Pronunciation: stress and emphasis Idioms with technical words Idioms with set Paper Writing: Report Revision Units 9–12 110–111 Unit 13 Save the planet 112–117 The environment 1.1 Listening and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar 1.3 Summary skills Exam folder 118–119 Unit 14 Get fit, live longer 120–125 Sport and health Paper Listening: Paper Reading: Paper Use of English: and (Questions on the texts 2) Direct/reported speech Register Synonyms Articles review Preposition review Alliteration Register Expressions with live Idioms with nouns and no article Paper Reading: Multiple-choice text 1.1 Reading and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar and vocabulary 1.3 Listening and speaking Paper Reading: Paper Use of English: and Listening practice Paper Speaking: Pronunciation: noun/verb/adjective stress map of objective proficienc y student ’s book TOPIC LESSON FOCUS Writing folder 126–127 Unit 15 The daily grind 128–133 The world of work EXAM SKILLS GRAMMAR VOCABULARY Paper Writing: Proposal Paper Listening: Paper Use of English: and (Linking 2) 1.1 Listening and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar 1.3 Summary skills Purpose and reason clauses Topic expressions Neologisms Exam folder 134–135 Paper Listening: Sentence completion Paper Listening: Three-way matching 1.1 Reading and vocabulary Unit 16 Hidden nuances 136–141 1.2 Grammar and vocabulary Literature and the 1.3 Listening and speaking printed word Paper Reading: Paper Speaking: Paper Use of English: 2, and Writing folder 142–143 Paper Writing: Set text question Concessive clauses Adjectives describing character Pronunciation: silent consonants Revision Units 13–16 144–145 Unit 17 Defining happiness 146–151 Happiness and well-being Paper Listening: Paper Reading: Paper Use of English: (Full summary task 1) 1.1 Listening and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar 1.3 Summary skills Exam folder 152–153 Unit 18 On freedom 154–159 Freedom 1.1 Reading and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar and vocabulary 1.3 Listening and speaking Paper Reading: Paper Speaking: Paper Use of English: 2, and Review of modal verbs Pronunciation: stress and emphasis Paper Writing: Essay 1.1 Listening and vocabulary 1.2 Listening and grammar 1.3 Summary skills Exam folder 10 168–169 Paper Listening: Word order and adverbs Paper Reading: Adverb or adjective? Paper Use of English: and (Full summary task 2) Onomatopoeia Word formation Paper Speaking 1.1 Reading and vocabulary 1.2 Grammar and vocabulary 1.3 Listening and speaking Unit 20 A sense of humour 170–175 Humour Metaphor Paper Listening: Multiple-choice questions Paper Listening: Multiple-choice questions Writing folder 160–161 Unit 19 The unexplained 162–167 Strange places and happenings Comparison Paper Reading: Paper Use of English: and Listening for true/false Paper Speaking: Have/get smth done Grammar review Phrasal verbs with go Pronunciation: foreign words Paper Writing: Articles and letters General advice Writing folder 10 176–177 Revision Units 17–20 178–179 Grammar folder 180–188 Revision crosswords 189–191 Self-study folder 192 map of objective proficienc y student ’s book Content of the Proficiency Examination The Cambridge Proficiency examination consists of five papers, each of which is worth 40 marks It is not necessary to pass all five papers in order to pass the examination There are five grades: Pass – A, B, C; Fail – D, E As well as being told your grade, you will also be given a graphical profile of your performance, i.e it will show whether you have done especially well or badly on some of the papers Paper Reading hour 30 minutes There are four parts to this paper and they are always in the same order Each part contains either one or more texts and a comprehension task The texts used are from books (fiction and non-fiction), non-specialist articles from journals, magazines and newspapers, promotional and informational materials (e.g advertisements, guide books, manuals) Part Task Type Number of Questions Task Format Objective Exam folder Four-option multiple choice lexical cloze 18 You must choose which word from four answers completes each of the gaps in each of the three texts (375–500 words in total) (64–65) Four-option multiple choice You must read four themed texts (600–900 words in total) and answer two questions on each (98–101) Gapped text You must read a text (800–1100 words) with paragraphs removed You need to use the missing paragraphs to complete the text (82–83) Four-option multiple choice You must read a text (700–850 words) and answer the questions by finding the relevant information in the text (118–119) Paper Writing hours There are two parts to this paper Part is compulsory, you have to answer it In Part there are four questions and you must choose one Each part carries equal marks and you are expected write between 300–350 words for each task Part Task Type Number of Tasks Task Format Question A contextualised writing task within the following formats: ● an article ● an essay ● a letter ● a proposal You are given material in the form of notes or a compulsory short text or an extract from a newspaper You will have to react to the information, presenting and developing arguments, expressing and supporting opinions, evaluating ideas, etc (22–23) (56–57) (90–91) (126–127) (160–161) Questions 2–4 an article ● a letter ● a proposal ● a report ● a review choose one Article 10 (176–177) Letter 10 (176–177) Review (38–39) Report (108–109) Set text (142–143) ● You are given a choice of topics which you have to respond to in the way specified Question Choice of questions on set books: article, essay, letter, review, report Objective Writing folder content of th e profici enc y exami nation Paper Use of English hour 30 minutes There are five parts to this paper, which test your grammar, vocabulary and summary skills Part Task Type Number of Questions Task Format Objective Exam folder Open cloze mainly testing grammar 15 You must complete a text with 15 gaps (14–15) Word formation 10 You need to use the right form of a given word to fill each of ten gaps in a text (14–15) Gapped sentences sets of sentences You must think of a word which would fit into all of the given sentences (30–31) Key word transformations You must complete a sentence with a given word, so that it means the same as the first sentence (30–31) Comprehension questions and summary writing task questions on texts and summary writing task You must first of all answer the four questions and then, using information from both texts, write the required summary in your own words (48–49) Paper Listening about 40 minutes There are four parts to this paper Each part is heard twice The texts are a variety of types either with one speaker or more than one Part Task Type Number of Questions Task Format Still to be supplied Objective Exam folder Multiple choice You hear four short, unrelated extracts, with either one or two speakers You must choose an answer from A, B or C (152–153) Sentence completion You must complete gaps in sentences with information given mainly by one speaker (134–135) Multiple choice You will hear two speakers interacting You must choose your answer from A, B, C or D (152–153) Three-way matching You must match statements about a text to either of two speakers or to both when they express agreement (134–135) Paper Speaking about 19 minutes There are three parts to this paper There are usually two of you taking the examination and two examiners This paper tests your accuracy, vocabulary, pronunciation and ability to communicate and complete the tasks Part Task Type Time Task Format Objective Exam folder The interviewer asks each candidate some questions minutes You will be asked some questions about yourself and asked to express personal opinions 10 (168–169) Two-way conversation between candidates minutes You will be given visual and spoken prompts and asked to have a discussion see above A long turn for each candidate followed by a discussion on related topics minutes You will be given a written question to respond to each for the You will then be asked to engage in a discussion on long turn related topics minutes following the long turns see above content of th e profici enc y exami nation Presenter: Good morning Today we're going to talk about one aspect of the supernaturalghosts Now, ghosts h.ave always been with us and are as much of a mystery now as they were in the first century AD, when Athenodorus, a hard-up philosopher, rented a house in Athens which was cheap because of its eerie reputation Sitting working late at night, Athenodorus heard the rattling of chains and, suddenly, the horrifying figure of an old man appeared before him It beckoned to him and, although Athenodorus tried to ignore it and get on with his work, it refused to let him So Athenodorus followed the ghost into the garden,' where it pointed to a spot on the ground and disappeared Next day, a hole was dug at the place indicated by the ghost and a human skeleton was discovered After the remains were given a proper burial and the house purified, the haunting ceased This was clearly a ghost with a purpose, but usually the reason for haunting is not clear There have been a few modern cases where ghosts seemed to have a message, such as a 'crisis apparition' of a person, seen by close friends and relatives at the time of his or her death, an event unknown to them until confirmation came later However, in many ghost sightings, there seems to be no purpose and the ghost's identity remains unknown Some people are sceptical and not believe in the existence of ghosts It is indeed likely that some witnesses who claim to have seen ghosts out of doors have, in fact, mistaken a patch of mist for a human figure, especially if they have been alone and the place was eerie Other people may have vivid imaginations and 'see' externally something that is really only in their mind One of the most vivid apparitions on record was that seen in 1953 by 18-year-old Harry Martindale Now retired, but an apprentice plumber at the time of the sighting, Martindale was working in the Treasurer's House in York One day he was at work in the cellar, when to his astonishment and fright he saw a Roman soldier step out of the wall He instantly dropped his tools What he did not know at the time was that he had put his ladder on the course of an old Roman road He later described in detail what he had witnessed Harry: I heard a sound - the only way I can describe it is the sound of a musical note At the same time, a figure came out of the wall And the head of the figure was in line with my waist, with a shining helmet I was terrified I got out of the way and scrambled into the corner And from there, I got a bird's eye view of what it was It was the head of a Roman soldier He crossed the room and disappeared into a pillar Then another soldier on horseback came by, followed by soldiers walking in pairs, side by side You couldn't see through them They were all about one metre five, in want of a good wash and shave Nothing smart about them They all had the same helmets on, 274 THE UNEXPLAINED with the plume coming out of the back, down the neck They all carried a short sword on the right-hand side I used to think that Roman soldiers carried a long sword, but this was similar to an over-sized dagger And they went as quick as they came When they were in the centre of the cellar, I could hear a murmuring - no speech, just a murmuring Presenter: When the museum curator found the terrified boy collapsed at the top of the cellar steps, he immediately knew what had happened because he had seen the soldiers himself seven years before And he knew the plumber didn't know that the soldiers' legs were missing because they were walking on the course of the old Roman road, which was beneath the cellar floor Possible answer I think that Harry's experience was probably the result of drinking beer at lunchtime or maybe overwork I can't believe this actually happened Using onomatopoeic writing words will help give life to your Suggested answers Chains were described as 'rattling' and the Roman soldiers as 'murmuring' creak - wooden floors hiss - steam, a snake crunch - gravel or crisp snow when walked on peal- bells, laughter click - door lock rumble - thunder, train on track drip - a tap slam - a door squelch - mud screech - pa rrot, bra kes slap - waves on the beach, hand against face tinkle - a bell; broken glass growl- angry dog, people slash - an angry person cutting cloth viciously with a knife slither - snake moving smoothly, person sliding down or across something smooth a creaked b squelched e crunches f dripping c slashed d slithered g tinkled h hissed Possible answer I was lying in bed at home one night - all alone, except for my dog, as, for once, my family had gone out for the evening to a concert It was a cold, rainy evening and the shutters had begun to bang against the side of the bedroom wall I could hear the wind getting up and it howling down the chimney Suddenly, I heard something tinkle, like glass breaking, then a crunch I turned over, determined not to be spooked by this Then, there was a creak This is when I began to get worried, as I knew the third stair from the bottom always creaked Betsy began to growl softly and then I knew that something was really wrong I reached for my mobile phone Read through the text, which explains Oackground Ayers Rock or Uluru (its Aboriginal name) is a 5W Northern Territory, Australia, 450 km SW of rises from the desert to a height of 348 m~tres It monolith in the world = what a poltergeist Answers a Another tells how after a terrible battle b One legend states that Uluru was originally a lake c that has been sacred to the Aboriginal people for hundreds of years d Many aboriginal paintings tell important Earth stories e the time when the world was created f the Earth rose up in revolt at the bloodshed to form the great blood-coloured rock g They believe that it was made by spirits in the 'Dreamtime' IS Answers B is correct A is when something is written in stone or metal; e is written in a meeting; D is for a course or in school A is correct because the text goes on to give the translation of the word e is correct Turned over means 'being put upside down' D is correct because it is the only verb here that is reflexive B is correct because it collocates with 'rules' A is correct because it gives the meaning of 'started' B, e and D n'eed the preposition 'from' information Refer to the notes about adverbs and adjectives hard means difficult or not soft; hardly means not very much Refer to the Grammar short means not tall; shortly means soon right and rightly mean correctly; right is only used after folder on page 187 The examples verbs and is informal given cover most of the basic word order rules Some words can change order depending high is similar to tall; highly means a great deal late is the opposite of early; lately means recently wrong can be used informally after a verb on what you want to emphasise Answers a Yesterday I went home on foot OR I went home on foot yesterday b Later she briskly walked up the hill to where, luckily, another coach was waiting c Last night I was hardly in the mood to go swimming OR I was hardly in the mood togo swimming last night d Of course he is still lying OR He is still lying, of course OR (with the meaning of not moving) Of course he is lying still e In fact, Stephen spoke to me in a friendly way the other day f Strangely enough, it rained heavily non-stop all day OR It rained heavily non-stop all day, strangely enough g Apparently, people rarely hide things of value in the attic h She performed the dance far too slowly i To be honest, I think you should get out of the house more often I saw the comet in the sky only yesterday OR Only yesterday, I saw the comet in the sky Answers a hardly e shortly g lately b highly c wrongly/rightly d hard f wrong (also possibly wrongly or right) h right i short This text gives background Make sure you pay attention this exercise to punctuation when you on how to carry Answers deal before carry of addition on a As and 10 may/might/could/would/can 11 at 12 taken 13 all 14 while/whilstlthough/although 15 finding The pictures good luck The four-leaf information out a ghost hunt are of things which are supposed clover is popular in Mexico, the St Christopher white heather in Scotland THE to bring in the UK, the little bag in Catholic countries, the and the evil eye in Greece U N EX P LA I NED 275 psychical (adj) psychiatrist, psychologist, psychologically, psychological, psychic dismissed (past participle) dismiss, dismissive, dismissal coincidences (noun) coincidental, coincide, coincidentally speak out (phrasal verb) outspoken anonymity (noun) anonymous, anonymously childhood (noun) childish, childlike disturbing (adj) disturb, disturbance, undisturbed, disturbed, disturbingly Answers Talk of the devil! - said when you mention someone and they then appear to have a guardian angel- said about the feeling that there is someone you can't see who protects you It's a small world - said about a coincidence involving people known to both speakers to have second sight - to be able to know what will happen in the future female intuition - a feeling about something that might happen that women are supposed to have a feeling of deja vu - a feeling of being in a place you've visited before or of experiencing something that has happened before Answers a outspoken b dismissive d childish e disturbance g psychiatrists/psychologists c anonymous f impressionable h subconscious Refer to the advice in Exam folder This is a complete Part question Answers , that they were in touch with the paranormal as they had no reason to believe anything was wrong the correlation between the dreams etc and something happening mundane not afraid of the unknown / not superstitious / not imagining things which can't be seen The summary needs to contain the following points: People who have experience of the paranormal want to remain anonymous may experience physical symptoms are embarrassed/worried/puzzled by the experience may act impulsively In the examination two examiners For the purpose to find someone Summary answer People with experience of the paranormal often worry or are embarrassed by the experience They may think that other people will think they are crazy so they try to keep their experience quiet to avoid ridicule Additionally, they might have physical symptoms or act impulsively or even try to remain anonymous However, people with no experience of it often dismiss it out of hand (64 words) Look through and describe student try or the Make sure that the timing Part - minutes anything is correct: Part - minutes, and Part - 12 minutes from one to seven pictures/visuals examination Here there are five photographs There can be in the for Part are as follows: A a Ford Ka B an iMac computer C D a book a clock E a refrigerator Scan the text to find out what impression gives of life in the USA Bill Bryson the texts again in order to find the words which part of speech they are Answers imagery (noun) image, imagination, imaginative, imagine, unimaginative, unimaginatively conscious (adj) unconscious, subconscious, consciousness impression (noun) impress, impressive, unimpressive, impressively, impressionable impulse (noun) impulsive, impulsively 276 of this test you should to play the part of another and examiner The photographs People who have no experience of the paranormal are cynical/rude about the people involved there will be two or three students EXAM FOLDER 10 Possible answer He gives the impression of someone who is fairly happy to be back in his own country, but with reservations He is enjoying playing with new toys Answers D is correct because he talks about her enjoying simple pleasures like iced water and she thinks the waitress is just being nice to her, not everybody she meets A is wrong because although he mentions food he doesn't say anything about it B is wrong because she does get things for nothing, but nothing suggests that she might not be happy if she didn't C is wrong because he says she is 'slavishly uncritical' A is correct because he thinks a National Health Service is more important B is wrong because he doesn't mention money C is wrong because he doesn't criticise the way things are done D is wrong because he doesn't imply that it is a waste oftime,just rather pointless A is correct because it does everything it is supposed to B is wrong because he doesn't mention anything about free time C is wrong because there is no comparison made between what he thought it would be like and what it is like D is wrong because there is a bit of a fuss when you put in chopsticks and coffee grounds C is correct because he talks about his wife being out of the house A is wrong because he isn't irritated so much as horrified B is wrong because he isn't mending the machine for his wife, but because he himself has been playing with it D is wrong because, although he tries a wider variety of garbage, he doesn't say it should take it S D is correct because Bryson's use of 'every', as in 'every basement' and 'every dad', gives the impression that he knows what happens across the United States A is wrong because he doesn't comment on their popularity B is wrong because he just implies they should be better used, he doesn't actually say so Cis wrong because he doesn't mention their design A is correct because they make children feel intimidated B is wrong because the incidents not actually happen C is wrong because there is no competition D is wrong because there is no mention of real arguments B is correct because effusive means enthusiastic A is wrong because he isn't critical of his home C is wrong because nostalgic means thinking fondly about the past and he is talking about the present D is wrong because he isn't angry about anything Answers a I don't want to start being too serious here b a volcano-like eruption c a small stream of water coming from who knows where d presumably now dead and a skeleton e so enormously useless - exaggerating for effect here f some young dynamic father g other good things about American household life that are taken for granted h ['II let you know what happens Answer tow / toe same pronunciation - it's a play on words Togive someone a tow means to tow their car for them, i.e pull it using a rope or chain A toe is what you have on your foot A chiropodist is someone who looks after feet The first driver doesn't want to mend the vehicle himself You should be familiar with the construction something done, so this should be revision Answers a have b get c got d had e has/gets Answers a down with b in for c on dover g off h with i without j off have/get f get e for f out be spent on = go on ebb = go out fetch = go for enter (a competition) = go in for become ill with = go down with explode = go off match = go with go sour = go off examine = go over manage without = go without Remember to count the number of words you write It must be between three and eight words Answers promotion has gone to Penny Stone's went over and over (again) (in his mind) went on record as saying was (ever) allowed to go to waste / (ever) went to waste S didn't (always) go off at a tangent This exercise is error correction The sentences contain common student errors Refer to the appropriate Grammar folder if you need further help A ENS E F HUM U R 277 Answers a As it was a wet evening, I stayed at home b We would like to know everything that has happened c He is already here d Only by listening intently, will you hear it singing e It would be easier to decide if my son were here f I have passed my exam this summer g It's worth being alive on such a lovely day h My family consists of six people That is a mistake I often make j Your hair badly needs cutting k I suggest doing it immediately I This team is the better of the two m correct n My information isn't up to date o I have been wanting / wanted to meet you for a long time p I congratulate you on having got / on getting married q I wish it would stop raining r You can eat as soon as dinner is ready s It's a five-mile journey t A man came into the compartment to check the tickets Remember to read the whole text before you the answers Answers sooner adjacent/next it must off into before terms Another 10 no 11 nowhere 12 turned/came 13 There 14 All 15 which/that Possible answer I remember once sitting on a bus on my way to a party The girl sitting opposite me was dressed rather strangely and I remember staring and thinking that she looked pretty terrible When I got to the party, there was the girl - she was my friend's new girlfriend I was embarrassed because I had stared at her rather critically all through the journey 20.3 pages 174-175 Possible answer Ithink someone who is eccentric acts differently from other people They live by a different code They can be extraordinarily kind and imaginative people and Iwould like to be an eccentric if Iwasn't so normal! I don't really know anyone very eccentric Ithink most people have some eccentric traits Iwould find the man who played the practical jokes very irritating 278 A S ENS E F HUM U R Read through the questions You will need to answer True or False Play the recording twice The underlined parts of the tapescript confirm the answers Answers 1T2F3F4T5T6F7F Presenter: In the studio today I have Marion Fielding, whose new book on The Role of the Eccentric in Society has just been published Now Marion, I'm sure most of us know, or maybe think we know, someone who is eccentric, but how you define eccentricity? Marion: Well, when we begin to work out what constitutes eccentricity, we might advance the obvious premise that eccentrics are not normal Human behaviour ranges from absolute conformity, at the normal end of the spectrum, to utterly bizarre non-conformity at the opposite end So a man who wears pink socks every day of the year, regardless of whether he is wearing a business suit or Bermuda shorts, demonstrates behaviour towards the eccentric end of the scale Exactly how much deviation from the norm it takes to qualify as a true eccentric is a vexed issue Presenter: So, are we all eccentrics then to a greater or lesser extent? Marion: That seems to be right The question of what constitutes normality is quite subjective We have all had the experience of talking with a friend who tells us that he has just met someone with the most bizarre or risque habit - only to hear described something which we ourselves routinely or might wish to Presenter: I expect that where you live also comes into the equation? Marion: Indeed Social factors are quite potent Even in the global village, what is normal in New York or London will seem very strange to the Tahitian or the Nigerian and vice versa Moreover, there is a wide variation in the spectrum of deviations that society will tolerate In Japan a greater degree of conformity is expected than in the USA or UK While in a pre-industrial society, such as that of the Inuit or the Indians of the South American rain forests, virtually every aspect of human behaviour follows a rigid pattern Presenter: Yes, I suppose that the same thing happens in our society as well; the reason places like New York or San Francisco have become known as havens for nonconformists is because they are more tolerant of such behaviour than are the small towns of America In your experience, how does the man in the street react to eccentricity? Marion: We all love eccentrics and yet we are profoundly ambivalent about them Our collective imagination, is piqued by the bizarre behaviour of someone like, for example, Howard Hughes, the richest man in the world, who lived the last days of his life like a mystical hermit Eccentrics have thrown off the constraints of normal life to let themselves exactly as they please - and anyone who doesn't like it be damned Presenter: What qualities would you say the average eccentric possesses? Marion: There are about five common characteristics: being non-conforming; creative; strongly motivated by curiosity; idealistic and obsessed by one or more hobbyhorses Nonconformity is the principal defining trait Presenter: One stereotype we all seem to share is that of the eccentric woman as an old lady in a big house with a hundred cats Is this true at all? Marion: Interestingly, one lady I found out about was the Countess of Eglintoune She kept hundreds of rats rather than cats, summoning them to the dining room at meal times by tapping on an oak panel At her cue, a dozen of her favourites would appear out of the woodwork and join her at the table After dinner, at a quiet word of command, the rats would retire in an orderly fashion Presenter: There must be some male eccentrics you've come across? Marion: Indeed there are Another eighteenth century aristocrat with a love of animals was Jack Myers He was expelled from two schools and then spent about half a million pounds on alcohol in 17 years Presenter: Quite a lot of money for those days Marion: That's right One time havoc broke loose at one of his dinner parties, when he appeared in full hunting costume, mounted on his bear In the ensuing panic, while his friends jumped out of windows or clambered behind chairs, Myers called out 'Tally-ho' and spurred his mount which turned impatient and ate part of his leg Presenter: Well, thank you, Marion, for coming in and sharing your eccentrics with us Now, next week You may come across some of the many words English has borrowed from other languages The ones mentioned here are the most common Answers in lieu of ad infinitum ad nauseam par excellence quid pro quo faux pas prima facie niche risque protege instead of to infinity / without end continually so as to bore someone pre-eminently something in return a mistake at first sight sector, suitable place racy - usually jokes someone you have under your wing / a follower disturbance cul-de-sac clique nom de plume bete noire tete a tete hoi polloi coup de grace street open at one end only small group of people not welcoming to outsiders pseudonym used when writing something you dislike friendly, confiding conversation the ordinary people finishing stroke a faux pas b in lieu c nom de plume d risque e tete tete f ad nauseam g cui de sac h bete noire a Answers, grounds seriously turned coming Read the information in your book Hesitating, as long as it is in English, is acceptable, as long as it isn't for too long! Time yourself when you the activity You have two minutes each on your subject Possible answer - Task A Personally speaking, I think it is better to conform, as this will help your life go more smoothly I really admire people who try to be different, who maybe don't get married, but live together, who wear weird clothes or have strange hobbies, but in general you have fewer problems if you conform If you want to be different, then it's better to live in a large city, like London or San Francisco There, people don't seem to mind so much that your behaviour may be a little eccentric If you live in a small village, then everyone will comment on what you and what you wear and you might end up ostracised by the villagers This is no way to live your life as you need as many friends as you can get Having a strange hobby is probably not so much of a problem as not getting married or wearing funny clothes As long, that is, as you haven't got an anti-social hobby like keeping rats or twenty killer dogs! Writing folder 10 Paper Part Articles and Letters pages 176-177 In the exam, read each question carefully, to decide what style and tone to use W R I TI N G F l D E R 10 279 Answers Functions A factual description; speculation; narrative B factual description; opinion C opinion; comparison; speculation D evaluation; opinion E description; opinion; evaluation Style and tone A should be light-hearted, as this is requested B should be fairly serious C (letter) should be formal; could be fairly light (anecdotal) or.more serious D could be either, depending on the set book E (letter) should be formal and polite Answers , mustn't/shouldn't/can't allow the rumours to carry on/let the rumours carryon needn't have helped us do/with come when/whenever he likes as far as I'm to preserve her anonymity, I had the press her sore throat/having a sore throat, Eliza excelled herself other than / but a full apology would be acceptable Answers This activity should remind you of some of the vocabulary you have learned during the course, which might be relevant to these tasks Suggested answers , fair hold account rights question Sample answer A adventure, exhilarating, expansion, far-flung, historic, likelihood, multiplicity, unknown, venture B emissions, expansion, global warming, impinge, judicious, multiplicity, perspective, tendency, trend, wipe out C birthrate, bread-winner, code, domesticity, historic, likelihood, morals, patriarch, rules, stress, trend, unemployment D code, denouement, exhilarating, judicious, morals, perspective, plot, rules, tendency, trend, unmistakable E context, denouement,judicious, plot, unmistakable You will not have time in the exam to write a rough copy first Always make a paragraph plan before you start writing your answer Choose one of the tasks on page 176 and follow the instructions on timing and all the other advice given on page 177 A strange being stood stock still in the middle of the road There was mist swirling around and it was impossible to make out who or what it was, but I swear I could see horns on its head and a pair of evil, red eyes As I rammed on the brakes, the radio crackled and went dead I sat there for a moment, staring in the gloom, trying to work out what was ahead Then, steeling myself, I sounded the car horn repeatedly and drove towards the ghastly creature, which thankfully bounded off Units 17-20 Revision The aim of this revision unit is to focus on the language covered in Units 17-20, and earlier, and to provide support for the Part letter (see Writing folder 10) Specific exam practice is provided on Reading Part and Use of English Parts and These Paper and Paper tasks could be done as a timed test of 30 minutes Listening Test I A",we~ , A D See page 286 and key on page 287 280 U NIT 5 state 17 - REV I ION Listening test Paper Part You will hear a man talking about Agnes Marshall, a famous nineteenth-century For questions 1-9, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase Agnes Marshall ran a I ~~ chef and writer in London She went to lectures on I~ In her magazine in 1901, she suggested adding in order to develop new techniques I Earlier in the nineteenth century, the demand for ice had been encouraged ~0, The two things which moved in Nancy Johnson's machine were the by the arrival of among them culinary experts Agnes Marshall's 'ice cave' had an at the dinner table 0 packed with ice and salt LI TEN I N GTE 5T 281 Listening test Paper Part You will hear four different extracts For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you hear There are two questions for each extract You hear two friends discussing customer loyalty cards Which phrase summarises the woman's reaction to loyalty cards? A a profitable source of discounts B a ridiculous waste of time C an unnecessary extra stage According to the man, stores value loyalty cards because A they have stimulated consumption B they are appreciated by shoppers C they can provide essential data You hear a man reviewing some music CDs on the radio What does the speaker say with regard to the Chamber Concerto? A The composer's own recording of it is preferable B John Adams' playing in it is masterly throughout C The Ensemble Modern has interpreted it well A Sian Edwards' B Herman Kretzschmar's C Gloria Cheng-Cochran's 282 LISTENING TEST You hear a woman giving a lecture on the photographer Arnold Newman Which part of Arnold Newman's work displays innovation, according to the speaker? A his artistic compositions B his professional assignments C his environmental portraits What is Arnold Newman's particular skill in portrait photography? A knowing exactly when to take the shot B directing each session painstakingly C capturing the full character of his subject You hear two people talking about a city they know well What has changed significantly in the city since the woman's last visit? A the amenities provided by the city B the number of new buildings C the volume of traffic How has the man's lifestyle improved recently? A He spends less time commuting than he used to B He attends more concerts now there is a new venue C He has started leaving the city at the weekend LISTENING TEST 283 Listening test Paper Part You will hear two students, Jerry and Maria, talking about genetic modification (GM) For questions 1-6, decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speakers agree Write J for Jerry, M for Maria, or B for both, where they agree To claim that GM is being used primarily for cosmetic improvements crops is nonsense to It is vital to improve the amounts harvested in order to deal with world hunger Organic farming methods represent a viable alternative to the use of pesticides 284 LI STE N I N GTE S T istening test Paper Part ou will hear an interview with Keith McLaren, in which he reviews a new book by Beryl Bainbridge or questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, S, Cor 0) which fits best according to what you hear Prior to actually reading According to Queeney, Keith McLaren A anticipat~d another book by his favourite author with relish S believed Bainbridge had already written too many historical novels C worried that the book would not live up to his expectations o found the choice of Dr Johnson as subject matter interesting What does McLaren say about this book in relation to her previous novels? A The standard of writing is better S The subject matter is closer to home C It has a longer timescale o It focuses more on bad luck With regard to the historical dimension, McLaren feels that Bainbridge A manages to bring the period to life S has included too many small details C keeps her portrayals in character could have done more research o McLaren praises Bainbridge's written style for its A skilful understatement S contrasting voices C comic originality o marked sensitivity Bainbridge has chosen to depict Dr Johnson as A an unswervingly enlightened scholar S someone who is often misunderstood C a cantankerous old madman a man of many contradictions o 1I TEN I N GTE T 285 Listening test Paper Part You will hear a woman talking about a NASA employee, George Aldrich, whose job is to detect unusual odours For questions 1-9, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase George's laboratory is located in Anyone wanting to work on George's team must be free of have no breathing difficulties The ten-bottle test includes three ~[2J _ ~0 and ~0 Personal items that have been rejected by George's team include I4l I ~ Following a period of being heated in a container, material is screened for its The third level of the 0-4 scale is referred to as Panel If George's team had failed to reject the ink, problems on a space mission Occasionally, the identification _ I~ by the Odour _ would have caused is imprecise, such as when the smell was compared to ~0 I~ at an event near his home 286 LISTENING TEST LISTENING TESTS Key LISTENING TEST LISTENING TEST Paper Part Paper Part 3 cookery school sorbets, ice cream cone low-temperature chemistry liquid air Italian immigrants lakes and glaciers paddle and handle outer sleeve LISTENING TEST Paper Part ' LISTENING TEST Paper Part (the) New Mexico (desert) / a/the desert allergies blanks mascara toxicity objectionable (printed) flight plans (an) onion footwear/sneakers/trainers LISTENING TEST Paper Part - -.~- LI TEN I N GTE T KEY 287 Objective Proficiency offers thorough preparation for the Certificate of Proficiency in English examination Its twenty short units provide a wide range of challenging topics and lively, systematic preparation for the exam 20 units, each containing three double-page lessons, allow flexible course use 10 'Exam Folaers' provide helpful practice and advice for each part of the exam 10 'Writing Folders' give extensive support for the Paper tasks 10 lessons focus on the Paper summary task, and build up appropriate skills gradually Regular revision units consolidate language learned A 'Grammar Folder' appendix, containing explanations and examples, complements the inductive approach taken in the lessons The material has been informed by the Cambridge Learner Corpus, which shows typical Proficiency errors Autherili language examples, taken from the Cambridge International eorpus, illustrate a wide range of English usage ... Revision crosswords 189–191 Self-study folder 192 map of objective proficienc y student ’s book Content of the Proficiency Examination The Cambridge Proficiency examination consists of five papers, each...Map of Objective Proficiency Student’s Book TOPIC LESSON FOCUS EXAM SKILLS GRAMMAR VOCABULARY Unit Ring the... English: and Listening practice Paper Speaking: Pronunciation: noun/verb/adjective stress map of objective proficienc y student ’s book TOPIC LESSON FOCUS Writing folder 126–127 Unit 15 The daily