Chapter Introduction to a Child's World The honor of one is the honor of all The hurt of one is the hurt of all Creek Indian Creed © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Chapter Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: •Discuss the state of children in the United States •Explain indicators of well-being •Outline the history of children’s rights •Describe resilience •List causes of children’s problems •Define counseling and its possibilities •Compare the work of professionals who help children © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Children's Defense Fund Calls for adults to leave no child behind by working to ensure • A healthy start • A head start • A fair start • A safe start and • A moral start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A History • Children as servants • Childhood as a special part of life • 18th century brought attention to mental health concerns • Child labor laws and required schooling • Dorothea Dix, Sigmund Freud ,Anna Freud • In re Gault © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A What causes children's problems? A changing world •The American home •Societal crises •Changing values © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A A Changing World The American Home • Needed: warm, loving, stable home • Varied family constellations • Complex responsibilities of parents • Less constructive parent-child time © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A A Changing World Societal Crises • Conflict-ridden society • Tension, war, terrorism • Poverty, job market © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A A Changing World Changing Values • Sexuality • Lifestyles • Gender roles • Drugs • Ethical & moral issues © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Summary • Multiple risks factors = most vulnerable • Most significant indicators of poor long-term outcomes: o o o o o o Not living with both parents Household headed by high school dropout Family income below poverty level Parents without steady job Family receiving welfare benefits No health insurance © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A World Initiative Children are individuals They start life as totally dependent beings The actions, or inactions, of government impact children more strongly than any other group in society Children's views are rarely heard and rarely considered in the political process yet many changes in society are having a disproportionate, and often negative, impact on children The healthy development of children is crucial to the future wellbeing of any society © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Indicators of Well-Being Continuing, nurturing relationships Physical protection and safety with regulations to safeguard those needs Experiences tailored to individual differences for each child’s optimal development Developmentally appropriate opportunities as building blocks for cognitive, motor, language, emotional, and social skills Adults who set limits, provide structure, and guide by having appropriate expectations A community that is stable, supportive, and consistent © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Resilience “What began as a quest to understand the extraordinary has revealed the power of the ordinary Resilience does not come from rare and special qualities, but from the everyday magic of ordinary, normative human resources in the minds, brains, and bodies of children, in their families and relationships, and in their communities” (Masten, 2001, 235) © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Resilience Outcomes: Personal Strengths • Social competence • Problem solving • Autonomy • A sense of purpose © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Resilience Environmental characteristics that support positive development: • Caring and support • High expectations • Opportunities for participation © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Community Services • Preventive • Supportive • Rehabilitative © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling versus Psychotherapy Counseling is more for: • Clients • Mild Disorders o o o o o Personal, social, vocational, educational, and decision-making problems Preventive and developmental concerns Educational and developmental settings Conscious concerns Teaching Methods © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling versus Psychotherapy (Cont.) Psychotherapy is more for: • Patients • Serious disorders o o o o o Personality problems Remedial problems Clinical and Medical settings Unconscious concerns Healing methods © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A What is counseling? The Practice of Professional Counseling: The application of mental health, psychological or human development principles, through cognitive, affective, behavioral, or systemic intervention strategies, that address wellness, personal growth, or career development as well as pathology © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling • Counseling involves a relationship between two people so that one person can help the other resolve a problem • Counseling can work to create a healthy environment • Counseling can work to prevent “normal” problems from becoming more serious problems © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling Process • The client’s thoughts and feelings about life at present • Where the client would like to be in life • Plans to reduce any discrepancy between the first and second area © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Categories of Problems • Interpersonal conflict, or conflict with others • Intrapersonal conflict, or conflict with self • Lack of information about self • Lack of information about the environment • Lack of skill © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling Focus Scale Finding meaning and purpose in living 2 No Problem solving -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 Child A 1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 Finding no meaning and purpose in living © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Problem solving Mental Health Professionals Variety of professions such as: • Counselors, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, marriage and family therapists, juvenile justice workers and others Variety of duties such as: • • Individual counseling, group counseling, consultation Helping with social, developmental, educational or vocational concerns; collecting and analyzing data, evaluating © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Help children by • Providing comprehensive home- and community-based services • Creating family support and partnerships • Offering culturally competent care and eliminating disparities in access to resources • Individualizing care for each child © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Help children by • Using evidence-based practices • Coordinating services and designating responsibility for wrap-around care • Delivering multiple prevention activities for groups at risk starting in early childhood • Expanding mental health services in schools © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A [...]... first and second area © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Categories of Problems • Interpersonal conflict, or conflict with others • Intrapersonal conflict, or conflict with self • Lack of information about self • Lack of information about the environment • Lack of skill © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling Focus Scale Finding meaning and purpose in living 5 4 3 2 1 2 No Problem solving -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 3 Child A 1 1 2... collecting and analyzing data, evaluating © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Help children by • Providing comprehensive home- and community-based services • Creating family support and partnerships • Offering culturally competent care and eliminating disparities in access to resources • Individualizing care for each child © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Help children by • Using evidence-based practices • Coordinating services and. .. and consistent © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Resilience “What began as a quest to understand the extraordinary has revealed the power of the ordinary Resilience does not come from rare and special qualities, but from the everyday magic of ordinary, normative human resources in the minds, brains, and bodies of children, in their families and relationships, and in their communities” (Masten, 20 01, 235) © 2 011 ... well as pathology © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling • Counseling involves a relationship between two people so that one person can help the other resolve a problem • Counseling can work to create a healthy environment • Counseling can work to prevent “normal” problems from becoming more serious problems © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling Process • The client’s thoughts and feelings about life at present •... 235) © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Resilience Outcomes: Personal Strengths • Social competence • Problem solving • Autonomy • A sense of purpose © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Resilience Environmental characteristics that support positive development: • Caring and support • High expectations • Opportunities for participation © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Community Services • Preventive • Supportive • Rehabilitative © 2 011 Brooks/Cole,... -2 -1 3 Child A 1 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2 4 -3 -4 -5 Finding no meaning and purpose in living © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Problem solving Mental Health Professionals Variety of professions such as: • Counselors, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, marriage and family therapists, juvenile justice workers and others Variety of duties such as: • • Individual counseling, group counseling, consultation Helping... Supportive • Rehabilitative © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling versus Psychotherapy Counseling is more for: • Clients • Mild Disorders o o o o o Personal, social, vocational, educational, and decision-making problems Preventive and developmental concerns Educational and developmental settings Conscious concerns Teaching Methods © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling versus Psychotherapy (Cont.) Psychotherapy... Clinical and Medical settings Unconscious concerns Healing methods © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A What is counseling? The Practice of Professional Counseling: The application of mental health, psychological or human development principles, through cognitive, affective, behavioral, or systemic intervention strategies, that address wellness, personal growth, or career development as well as pathology © 2 011 Brooks/Cole,...Indicators of Well-Being 1 Continuing, nurturing relationships 2 Physical protection and safety with regulations to safeguard those needs 3 Experiences tailored to individual differences for each child s optimal development 4 Developmentally appropriate opportunities as building blocks for cognitive, motor, language, emotional, and social skills 5 Adults who set limits, provide structure, and guide by having... evidence-based practices • Coordinating services and designating responsibility for wrap-around care • Delivering multiple prevention activities for groups at risk starting in early childhood • Expanding mental health services in schools © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A ... 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Counseling Focus Scale Finding meaning and purpose in living 2 No Problem solving -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 Child A 1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 Finding no meaning and purpose in living © 2 011 Brooks/Cole,... of children’s problems •Define counseling and its possibilities •Compare the work of professionals who help children © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A Children's Defense Fund Calls for adults to leave no child. .. safe start and • A moral start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities © 2 011 Brooks/Cole, A History • Children as servants • Childhood as