THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAN NGOC QUYET TOPIC TITLE: ASSESSING THE CURRENT SITUATION AND PROPOSE SOLUTIONS TO MANAGE DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE IN YEN BAI CITY, YEN BAI PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: International Training and Development Center Batch: 2011 - 2015 Thai Nguyen, 30/09/2015 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Phan Ngoc Quyet Student ID DTN 1153110137 Thesis title Assessing the current situation and propose solutions to manage domestic solid waste in Yen Bai City, Yen Bai Province Supervisor Assoc Prof Dr Do ThiLan Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of waste management in the Yen Bai City, Yen BaiProvince, in order to offer appropriate solutions to improve management efficiency This study analyzes the issues related to domestic solid waste in Yen Bai City such as the characteristics of solid waste, solid waste generation, status of collection, classify, transportation and treatment and reuse of domestic solid waste Yen Bai City is the political and economic and cultural center of Yen Bai Province is the most densely populated place in the province The status of domestic waste management is still inefficient which leads to overlapping of management systems and lack of synchronous investment In addition, the sense of environmental protection among people is still not good Therefore, to effectively the management of domestic solid waste in Yen Bai City, appropriate solutions and management strategies should be planned and implemented immediately Keywords Domestic waste, solid waste, domestic waste management, treatment, collected, transported Number of pages: 58 Date of submission: September 30th, 2015 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author would like to express his gratitude to his supervisor, Assoc Prof Dr Do Thi Lan for her invaluable useful comments, remarks, encouragement and engagement through the learning process of this study He would also like to extendhis gratitude to the lecturers who enthusiastically imparted useful knowledge on waste treatment during the University program to all class attendants The author also appreciates the support of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the coordinators and program managers for their guidance and assistance Furthermore, I sincerely thanks to officers in Yen Bai Environmental Protection Agency during the implementation of the research Special thanks also goes to the officers of Nam Thanh Yen Bai Environment and Energy Joint Stock Company Also, the author would like to thank the participants in my survey, who have willingly shared their precious time during the process of data gathering and interview in Yen Bai city Finally, the author would like to express his gratitude to his family, and friends who have helped him during the internship Thank you all very much! i TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PART I - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the study 1.2 Objectives of the study .4 1.3 Research questions .5 1.4 Significance of the study 1.5 Limitations of the study .6 PART II - LITERATURE REVIEW .7 2.1 Legal basis 2.2 Scientific basis 2.3 Factual basis .11 PART III - METHODS 19 3.1 Objectives and scope of the study 19 3.2 Location and time of study 19 3.3 Research contents .19 3.4 Research methods 20 PART IV - RESULTS 23 4.1 Natural and socio-economic conditions in Yen Bai city, Yen Bai province 23 ii 4.2 Situational assessment of domestic solid waste management in Yen Bai city, Yen Bai province .27 4.3 Solution proposed to increase efficiency of domestic solid waste management in Yen Bai city 40 PART V - DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 45 5.1 Discussion 45 5.2 Conclusion 46 REFERENCES 47 APPENDICES .49 Appendix 1: Sample survey .49 Appendix 2: Photos from field’s study 52 Appendix 3: Households survey results 55 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1- Central solid wastes management system diagram 12 Figure 2- Diagram State management system about DSW in Yen Bai 13 Figure 3- The methods of solid waste treatment .14 Figure 1- Yen Bai city map .24 Figure 2- The percentage of solid waste in generation sources 27 Figure 3- The component percentage of domestic waste in Yen Bai city .31 Figure 4- The organization structure of Nam Thanh Yen Bai Environment and Energy Joint Stock Company 32 Figure 5- The percentage of garbage generated and collected in Yen Bai city 34 Figure 6- Diagram the domestic waste collection and transportation process for in Yen Bai city 35 Figure 7- The diagram of domestic waste treatment process 39 Figure 8- Organizational diagram of environmental sanitation co-operative 43 LIST OF TABLES Table 1- Methods to treat domestic waste 18 Table 1- Volume of solid waste from various sources (2014) 27 Table 2- Total volume of domestic waste in recent years 28 Table 3- Amount of domestic waste in households 29 Table 4- The Components of Domestic Waste in Yen Bai City (2014) 31 Table 5- The percentage of garbage generated and collected 34 Table 6- Vehicles for collection and transportation of Nam Thanh Yen Bai Environment and Energy Joint Stock Company 35 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DSW Domestic Solid Waste EPA Environmental Protection Agency GDP Gross Domestic Product JSC Joint Stock Company MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment ODA Official Develop Assistance TOC Total Organic Carbon PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the study Yen Bai city is the political center of Yen Bai province It can be concluded that the province has reached its maximum economic growth in the past years through the development of various sectors However, the current status of general waste and domestic waste in particular have not been fully evaluated and audited, provided that this leads to difficulty in collection and waste management No appropriate measures on proper disposal has been done Therefore, the assessment of the current status of the management and treatment of household waste is one of the vital problems of Yen Bai city The purpose of this research is to have an access to the situation of Domestic Solid Waste (DSW) management system in Yen Bai City The study will mainly focus on the advantages and disadvantages in waste management in order to find the rational management solutions for domestic solid waste management system in Yen Bai City From there, we can improve the effect in solid waste management and reduce the pollution because of the irrational collection, transport and treatment system 1.2 Objectives of the study - Evaluate the current situation of environmental pollution caused by domestic solid waste in Yen Bai city o Collect and analyze information, synthesize the materials related to arising of domestic solid waste from residential areas, offices, schools and trade areas in Yen Bai City o Execute fieldworks to assess the current status of domestic solid waste arising as well as other environmental problems:  Identify sources of solid waste and amountsof solid waste components  Method of solid waste collection and treatment - Propose solutions to reduce the pollution caused by domestic solid waste from residential areas, offices, schools and trade areas o Propose solutions to strengthen the DSW management capacity of state managing agencies o Propose management measures, domestic waste disposal in accordance with the actual conditions of the city o Raise awareness of the local people on the current environmentalissues 1.3 Research questions - What is current situation of the solid waste collection, transport and treatment in Yen Bai city? - What are the solutions to manage domestic waste in study area? 1.4 Significance of the study 1.4.1 Practical significance The study of domestic solid waste situation of the Yen Bai will be vital to know the strengths, weaknesses, challenges and shortcomings in the wastewater management and treatment in order to find solutions for environmental protection in accordance with the conditions of the city which will allow better environmental management - Propagandize and direct people to perform the garbage separation at source and protect the environment  Self-manage groups: - Mobilize people to participate in environmental protection, public hygiene; at the same time, monitor and warn people comply with the provisions - Monitor, propose solutions to the executive board to improve the efficiency of waste collection - Coordinate with sanitation unit in the collection and transportation - Annually, planning specific operations (manpower, material facilities, and expense) submitted to the Executive board  Inhabitants Raising awareness in environmental protection Gathered domestic waste to the street before self-management groups conducted the collection, transportation, not throw waste into lakes, rivers and streams… 44 PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Discussion The study has shown is the actual survey results about the current situation of the management of domestic solid waste in Yen Bai City Yen Bai City is a third-class city, with the natural area is 106.74 km2, the population is 97,907 The social and economic conditions of the city have progressed over the years On another hand, this development also triggered increasing domestic waste, and the danger of environmental pollution Yen Bai City is the mountainous urban, the terrain is divided by mountains Furthermore, people often put the domestic waste together with the straw, sticks, making difficult to the management and process of domestic waste collection in the city The sanitation teams cannot collect thoroughly the domestic waste in the areas At present, the volume of waste generated in Yen Bai City are about 70-80 tons/day and about 27 375 tons/year The amount of garbage generated from various sources such as: households, markets, offices in which the source of generated primarily from household take up 62.07% of the total; the percentage of waste from markets and offices are 15.71% and 19.28% in turn, and 2.94% is from others Composition of domestic solid waste in Yen Bai city is very diversified The percentage of organic waste is highest with 62% of the total This kind of waste is decomposed very fast, it is the cause of many infectious diseases, effect directly to the human health 45 The collection, transporting and treatment of domestic waste in Yen Bai City by Nam Thanh Yen Bai Environment and Energy Joint Stock Company undertaken Manpower and equipment serve has been invested and upgraded to the best service for the purpose of the collection of garbage, include 165 collecting workers, 400 handcarts and many others The amount of collected waste is about 76.5% total wastes in the city Domestic waste is treated by the methods as: Process microbial organic fertilizer from organic waste, process plastic beads from plastic bag, and landfill The management system is still weak and is not functioning efficiently The process of collecting, transporting waste has many inadequacies due to lack of equipment, manpower and funding 5.2 Conclusion Through research result, it can be concluded the specified contents as following: Firstly, the collection of domestic waste in Yen Bai city is done fairly and has made progress over the years Most of the people are actively involved in the environmental awareness programs spearheaded by the local authorities People's consciousness about the environment is relatively high Secondly, through practical investigation the status of management and treatment still exist many limitations Garbage has not been classified at the source, leading to difficulties for the treatment of garbage The waste is still dumped altogether in a landfill which affects to the of biological composting fertilizer processing Thirdly, solutions to minimize the effect of domestic waste are pointed out It is necessary to apply management and technology solutions together Authorities have to enhance regulations on management of domestic waste 46 REFERENCES Cuong, M (2015) The numbers on waste Retrieved from: http://moitruong.com.vn/moitruong-sos/nhung-con-so-ve-rac-thai-14394.htm (accessed on August 15th 2015) Dieu, T.T.M (2010) Lecture: manage the domestic waste Van Lang University George, T., and Frank, K (2002).Handbook Of Solid Waste Management(pp 1.1 – 1.12).McGraw Hill, Inc George, T., Hilary, T., and Samuel, V (1993).Integrated solid waste management McGraw Hill, Inc Ho Chi Minh City Department of Natural Resources and Environment (2011).The management system of urban waste in Ho Chi Minh city at present and future Khoa, L.V.,Quynh, N.X., and Viet, N.Q (2013) Environmental chemical indicators Educational Publishing House.Hanoi, Vietnam MONRE (2011) National Environmental Report: Solid waste Nhue T.H., Dung, U.Q., and Thai, N.T.K (2001).Manage domestic solid waste Construction Publishing House Hanoi, Vietnam Nong, N.N., andHai, N.N.S (2011), The current situation of residential waste management in Thai Nguyen city.Science and technology journal of Agriculture & Rural development, pp 30 - 34 Phuoc, N.V (2006).Manage and handle domestic waste Construction Publishing House Hanoi, Vietnam Sufian,M.A andBala, B.K (2006, April 24).Modeling of urban solid waste management system: The case of Dhaka city Retrieved http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X06001395 from: (accessed on July 25th 2015) 47 Thao, T (2015) China emitted nearly 1/3 of plastic waste in the world Retrieved from:http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/the-gioi/trung-quoc-thai-ra-gan-13-rac-thai-nhuatren-toan-the-gioi-534431.html (accessed on August 30th 2015) The National Assembly of Vietnam (2014) Law on Environment Protection Tu, L.N (2011) Thesis Assessing the current situation of urban waste and propose management solutions are suitable with socioeconomic conditions of Binh Duong province up to 2025 United Nations Environment Program (2005).Solid Waste Management Waste Management Branch (n.d) Environmental guidelines: Solid waste landfills Environment Protection Authority New York, USA Yen Bai city People's Council (2011).Resolution Adjustment of the overall planning of socioeconomic development of Yen Bai city in stage 2006 – 2020 Yen Bai Department of Natural Resources and Environment (2014) Seminar’s document.Situation and solution of waste management Yen Bai province, pp 28– 35 Yen Bai EPA (2010) Mission report.Survey and assess the current situation of rural solid waste arising in Yen Bai city Yen Bai EPA (2010).Regulations in environmental protection in Yen Bai province (pp 76 81) Yen Bai Technology Application Center of Natural Resource and Environment (2007).Environmental protection planning Yen Bai province stage 2007 - 2015, Vision 2020 48 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Sample survey DOMESTIC WASTE QUESTIONARE IN HOUSEHOLD Name: ……………………………………………………………………………… Address:…………………………………………………………………………… Occupation: ……………………………………….Age: Gender: Date (DD/MM/YY): Number of people in family: ……………………………………………………… Do you have a direct contactwith the sanitation department? Yes No Do you classify solid waste? Yes No How you collect and treat the daily domestic waste? Gather in front of the houseuntil collected by the sanitation department Yes No Self treatment by method: Landfill Burn Others: Are the waste gathered with accordance to proper waste handling regulations? Yes No Is the environment in your local polluted? Yes No 10 In your opinion, what is the cause of environmental pollution? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 49 11 Give specific ways and management practices that we can to address the problems of solid waste management ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Are you willing to join trainings/seminars relating to environmental protection organized by the local authorities? Yes No 13 In your opinion, is waste segregationnecessary? Why? Kindly state your reason/s Yes No ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… …… 14 Have you received any propaganda about environmental protection from the local authorities? Yes No 15 How youget information about environmental sanitation? Newspaper Radio, TV From community Local radio station From environmental movements All of the above 16 Does your local have environmental management plans? If yes, please specify ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… 50 17 Are you ready to participate in environmental sanitation movement? Yes No 18 Rate the participation of the local peoplein environmental sanitation programs None Normal Active 19 With respect to administrative penalties for acts causing environmental pollution, Yes Please specify: No 20 Volume of household garbage: Survey time Times Total Volume (kg/day) (DD/MM/YYYY) Average 51 Appendix PHOTOS FROM FIELD’S STUDY Figure 1: Workers collect trash on Dien Bien Street, Minh Tan Ward and QuangTrung Street, Dong Tam Ward 52 Figure 2: The handcart rallying point on Nguyen Thai Hoc Street Figure 3: Trash being collected daily from the curbs 53 Figure 4: Factory area produce microbial organic fertilizer and plastic beads as main source of solid waste in Nam Thanh Yen Bai Environment and Energy Joint Stock Company in NgoiSen Hamlet, Van Tien commune, Yen Bai city Figure 5: An incinerator of rural households in Tan Thanh hamlet, TuyLoc Commune, Yen Bai city 54 Appendix HOUSEHOLDS SURVEY RESULTS Name Wards/ communes Tran ThiThanhThuy Nguyen ThanhHai Nguyen Ngoc Ha Do Thi Ai Nguyen Van Kien Phan ThiThang DinhThiHoa Le Tan Duc Nguyen Thi Phuong Trinh Thi Thu Huong Le Thi Thu Ha Vietnamese Nguyen Ha Tran Van Vu Nguyen ThiThao Tran ThiAnhNga Bui ThiTuyetXuan Nguyen Thi Hong Nguyen ThiThuy Dung Vu Van Trung Nguyen Van Hiep Tran Le Thu Nguyen Thi My Lan Nguyen TrongXuyen Tran Van Khanh Tran Van Chien Le Huu Phan Ho Quang Minh Le Thi Kim Hoa Tran Thi Kim Nghiem ThiTuyet Nguyen ThanhHai Nguyen ThiThuy Nguyen ThiThanh Nguyen DuyLiem Ho Hoang Vu Ngo Kim Lan Pham Hong Xuan Tran Van Anh Nguyen Phuc Nguyen Phuc Nguyen Phuc Nguyen Phuc Nguyen Phuc Nguyen Phuc Nguyen Phuc Nguyen Phuc Nguyen Phuc Nguyen Phuc Hong Ha Hong Ha Hong Ha Hong Ha Hong Ha Hong Ha Hong Ha Hong Ha Hong Ha Hong Ha Nguyen Thai Hoc Nguyen Thai Hoc Nguyen Thai Hoc Nguyen Thai Hoc Nguyen Thai Hoc Nguyen Thai Hoc Nguyen Thai Hoc Nguyen Thai Hoc Nguyen Thai Hoc Nguyen Thai Hoc Minh Tan Minh Tan Minh Tan Minh Tan Minh Tan Minh Tan Minh Tan Minh Tan Waste generation (kg/day) 3.4 2.8 3.5 2.6 3.2 2.1 4.25 5.75 2.7 3.6 3.5 2.7 2.4 3.4 1.95 5.25 2.8 3.6 3.75 3.45 4 2.1 6.5 3.75 2.25 4.25 3.6 3.75 3.2 3.2 3.15 2.7 Number of people in family 4 4 5 5 3 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 3 Waste / person / day (kg) 0.85 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.80 1.20 0.70 0.85 1.15 0.80 0.90 1.20 0.70 0.90 1.00 0.80 0.85 0.80 0.65 1.05 0.70 0.90 0.75 1.15 1.00 0.75 0.80 0.70 1.30 0.75 0.75 0.85 1.20 0.75 0.80 0.80 1.05 0.90 55 Vu NhatLinh Tran Ba Dat Duong Van Hoang Nguyen Truong Giang Nguyen Thi Thu Uyen Le ThiThuy Vu ThiBich Tran Anh Tuan Nguyen Dung Tuan Nguyen Tan Thanh Tran DucNha Nguyen Thi Ngoc Nguyen TrungNhat Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyen QuocAnh Chu ThiLanAnh Le Anh Tuan Dang Thi Minh Pham Thuy Ngoc Nguyen Thi Thu Uyen Le Cong Trung Nguyen ThiThao Tran Nguyet Thu Nguyen Van Thuan Nguyen ThiQuynh Nguyen Minh Thu Le QuocHuy Tran Thi Hong Lien Nguyen Thanh Phuong Pham Kim Lan Do Phuong Thao Le Thi Hong Hoa Nguyen ThiBich Le QuocBao Nguyen Minh Hang DinhThien Soul Pham Thi Loan Liu Xuan Thu Nguyen ThiKien Nguyen Thi Mai Tran Thi Be Tran ThiThanh Hang Doan Thi Ngoc Trieu Thi Phuong Nguyen DucAnh Minh Tan Minh Tan Yen Ninh Yen Ninh Yen Ninh Yen Ninh Yen Ninh Yen Ninh Yen Ninh Yen Ninh Yen Ninh Yen Ninh Dong Tam Dong Tam Dong Tam Dong Tam Dong Tam Dong Tam Dong Tam Dong Tam Dong Tam Dong Tam Yen Thinh Yen Thinh Yen Thinh Yen Thinh Yen Thinh Yen Thinh Yen Thinh Yen Thinh Yen Thinh Yen Thinh Nam Cuong Nam Cuong Nam Cuong Nam Cuong Nam Cuong Nam Cuong Nam Cuong Nam Cuong Nam Cuong Nam Cuong Hop Minh Hop Minh Hop Minh 3.5 2.25 2.25 4.75 3.2 2.25 2.55 2.4 2.25 3.4 2.7 2.6 3.2 3.4 3.6 2.4 3.2 3.75 3.5 2.4 3.2 2.1 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.8 1.95 3.5 1.8 2.25 1.8 1.8 2.4 1.95 3 5 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 5 4 4 4 3 3 5 0.75 0.70 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.95 0.80 1.00 0.75 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.85 0.90 0.65 0.80 0.85 1.20 0.80 0.75 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.70 0.80 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.70 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.80 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.70 0.60 0.75 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.80 0.65 0.60 56 Tran Thuy Minh City Nguyen Van Nam Ngo ThiHuyen Nguyen ThiKhang Tran Van Khanh Ha ThiNhung Nguyen Dinh Hung Dang Thi Minh Thu Pham Van Loi Hoang ThanhThuy Le Thi Tam Duong ThiBichThuy Nguyen Thi Hue Nguyen Van Thuan Dao ThiTuyet Lien Nguyen ThiChinh Nguyen ThanhHiep Dinh Tien Hai Tran Thi Diem Huong Nguyen XuanKhang Duong QuynhTrang Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bui Thi Hong Thuy Nguyen Van Tan Nguyen ThiThanh Nguyen ThiTham Le Thi Dung Pham Hong Thoa Nguyen HuuKhoi Tran Van Khanh Nguyen Thi Tam Vu Tuan Anh Vu Thinh Hung Nguyen Thi Hue Ta ChingHai Phung Ngoc Long Le Anh Dao Le ThiQuynh Nguyen Thi Thu Ha LuuThiThanhXuan Tran Van Khanh Do Thanh Tuan Tran Thi Yen Doan Ngoc Van Duong Khanh Ly Hop Minh Hop Minh Hop Minh Hop Minh Hop Minh Hop Minh Hop Minh TuyLoc TuyLoc TuyLoc TuyLoc TuyLoc TuyLoc TuyLoc TuyLoc TuyLoc TuyLoc Minh Bao Minh Bao Minh Bao Minh Bao Minh Bao Minh Bao Minh Bao Minh Bao Minh Bao Minh Bao Tan Thinh Tan Thinh Tan Thinh Tan Thinh Tan Thinh Tan Thinh Tan Thinh Tan Thinh Tan Thinh Tan Thinh GioiPhien GioiPhien GioiPhien GioiPhien GioiPhien GioiPhien GioiPhien GioiPhien 1.5 2.8 1.65 3.75 2.6 3.25 2.2 3.5 3.25 2.8 2.4 1.8 2.6 1.8 2.5 2.4 1.65 2.6 2.2 3.25 2.1 1.65 1.95 2.2 3.5 1.95 3 2.75 2.75 1.8 3.5 2.2 3.25 2.4 2.75 3.5 1.8 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 0.50 0.70 0.60 0.55 0.75 0.65 0.65 0.55 0.70 0.65 0.70 0.60 0.60 0.65 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.60 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.55 0.65 0.55 0.70 0.50 0.65 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.55 0.60 0.50 0.70 0.55 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.70 0.60 57 Nguyen Manh Hung Nguyen Bao Nam Nguyen Van Long Le Thi Dung Dang Van Quy Nguyen Thi Kim Chi Nguyen Dinh Hung Pham Van Loi Dao Ngoc Minh City Do Ngoc Tuan Nguyen KhanhHuyen Nguyen Thi Minh Thuy Mai XuanToan Vu NhatLinh Dao DuyAnh Nguyen Bao Nam Tran Van Minh Vu Van Ngo Nguyen ThiDuyen Vu ThiBich Ngoc Vu ThiHuyenTrang Nguyen QuocThang Nguyen DucCanh Phan HienAnh Le Thi Minh Phuong Vu ThiNhung Nguyen DinhThang Nguyen HuongGiang Nguyen Thi Phuong Phan Minh Khang Bui Tuan Anh Nguyen Van Linh Do Thanh Tuan Dang Thi Thu Phuong Luong Minh Phuc Nguyen Thi Phuong Bui Le Hoang Doan Thanh Tung Tran Thuy Minh City Nguyen Minh Hieu Nguyen Dinh Hung Bui Van Thanh GioiPhien GioiPhien Van Tien Van Tien Van Tien Van Tien Van Tien Van Tien Van Tien Van Tien Van Tien Van Tien Au Lau Au Lau Au Lau Au Lau Au Lau Au Lau Au Lau Au Lau Au Lau Au Lau PhucLoc PhucLoc PhucLoc PhucLoc PhucLoc PhucLoc PhucLoc PhucLoc PhucLoc PhucLoc Van Phu Van Phu Van Phu Van Phu Van Phu Van Phu Van Phu Van Phu Van Phu Van Phu 3.5 1.5 1.65 1.5 2.6 1.8 2.75 2.8 3.25 2.5 1.65 1.95 1.65 2.5 1.5 2.75 1.95 2.4 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.75 1.65 1.8 2.6 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.8 1.65 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.4 3 5 5 3 5 4 4 4 5 3 4 3 4 3 5 0.70 0.50 0.55 0.50 0.65 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.70 0.65 0.50 0.55 0.65 0.55 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.55 0.65 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.50 0.70 0.65 0.55 0.70 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.60 0.50 0.65 0.50 0.50 0.55 0.70 0.55 0.70 0.50 0.50 0.60 58 [...]... on solid waste in the country is overlapping in the organization, leading to no consistency in the major unit which makes it difficult to find a common ground responsible to increase itsmanagement capacity 12  The system of domestic solid waste management in the province of Yen Bai In Yen Bai Province, the units which are tasked to manage DSW includes: the Department of Construction and the Department... characteristics of Yen Bai City – Yen Bai Province Overview of Yen BaiCity – Yen Bai Province: geographic location, natural conditions and economic and social conditions Effect of natural conditions and economic and social conditions to the management of domestic wastes in the city 3.3.2 Assess the Situation of Domestic Waste Management in Yen Bai City Collect and analyze the information, synthesis documents... related to the generation of domestic solid waste in Yen Bai City Conduct a survey in some residential areas in Yen Bai City Investigate the following parametersfor each area in order to assess the status of domestic solid waste generated and the existing environmental problems caused by domestic solid wastes: - Sources of solid waste - Solid waste composition 19 - Amount of solid waste - Collection and. .. across the continent and the oceans, and is being listed as one of the ten largest problemsof the world Domestic waste has become a topical issue in many countries in the past decades According to the Cyclope Materials Institute and Veolia Propreté, the total amount of waste in the world are composed of 1.2 billion tons of wastes gathered in urban areas, 1.1 to 1.8 tons are non-hazardous industrial waste; ... to the west and Thac Ba Lake to the east, Yen Bai City has the highest rate of humidity in the province The average humidity is 87%, sometimes more than 90% (Yen Bai EPA, 2015) 4.1.1.4 Resources Yen Baiis said to be rich in terms of mineral resources Minerals are divided into the following main categories: Heavy materials: Widely distributed throughout Yen Bai city, sand and gravel are mined mainly... PART III METHODS 3.1 Objectives and scope of the study The study aims to analyze the management, collection, transportation and treatment of domestic solid waste in Yen Bai Province including the whole area of Yen Bai city with 17 administrative units (9 wards and 8 communes) 3.2 Location and time of study Location: Yen Bai City, Yen Bai Province Time: March 1st, 2015 to Jun 30th, 2015 3.3 Research... above, Nam Thanh Yen Bai Environment and Energy Joint Stock Company also directly performs the collection, transportation and treatment of domestic waste in Yen Bai City 13 The waste treatment method can be generalized in the following diagram: Figure 2 3- Methods of solid waste treatment (Source: Yen Bai EPA, 2015) 2.3.2 Current situation of domestic waste in the world Domestic solid waste in modern society... scientifically and to help students in terms of synthesizing and arranging the schedule and timeline to produce practical results 1.5 Limitations of the study The study will not be able to cover all the management issues and treatment of domestic waste in Yen Bai city given the following reasons: Project timeline: The study will be conducted in a short period of time andwill then be restricted by many factors... the processing compost Thus, the waste has an important role in saving national resources Consequently, waste management must be taken seriously (MONRE, 2011) 2.3.4 Current Situation of Domestic Waste in Yen Bai Province Yen Bai is a mountainous province with a large natural area, sparsely populated so the issue of domestic solid waste is mainly concentrated in urban areas such as: Yen Bai City, Nghia... solid waste management In which, there are five ministries directly participating in the solid waste management, including: Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Figure 2 1- Central solid wastes management system diagram (Source: MONRE, 2011) The management system on solid ... responsible to increase itsmanagement capacity 12  The system of domestic solid waste management in the province of Yen Bai In Yen Bai Province, the units which are tasked to manage DSW includes: the. .. 23 4.1 Natural and socio-economic conditions in Yen Bai city, Yen Bai province 23 ii 4.2 Situational assessment of domestic solid waste management in Yen Bai city, Yen Bai province ... current situation and propose solutions to manage domestic solid waste in Yen Bai City, Yen Bai Province Supervisor Assoc Prof Dr Do ThiLan Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the current