GL6 knight et al

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GL6 knight et al

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Chasing the Grey Evidence: A Standardised Systematic Literature Review Approach Dr Padam Simkhada Dr Jane Knight Department of Public Health University of Aberdeen Acknowledgement Partners for Research in Emergency Nutrition PREN Garth Reid, Laura Wyness, Lakshmi Mandava Department of Public Health University of Aberdeen Overview •Evidence based public health •Grey literature •Advantages and disadvantages of using grey literature •Some challenges •The way forwards •Conclusions What is Evidence Based Public Health •Evidence based public health as a public health endeavour in which there is an informed, explicit, and judicious use of evidence that has been derived from any of a variety of science and social science research and evaluation methods – Sacket et al 1996 BMJ 312 71-72 Evidence Based Public Health • The definitions highlights two aspects of evidence based public health – The use of a multiple methodologies evidence to inform public health decision; publication bias – An emphasis on clear reasoning in the process of appraising and interpreting evidence for policy and implementation Getting the evidence from Systematic Literature Review • Searching for and locating appropriate literature • Critically examining the results and extracting relevant detail • Synthesizing and writing the review and produce a evidence Evidence beyond RCTs Other factors Geographic al context Culture Socil and political context Previous perceptions Evidence beyond RCTs Culture Other factors Evidence Geographical context Social and political context Previous perception Evidence to Policy Social and politica l conte xt Geogra phical contex t Evidence us o i v s Pre n o i t ep perc ure t l u C Policy Action or Practice Levels of evidence & volume of grey literature Systematic reviews and meta-analyses RCT Levels of evidence Quasi experimenta l Controlled observational Observational studies without controls Expert opinion Volume of grey literature Definition of grey literature “Grey literature is defined as any literature that is not published in academic peer reviewed journals and available through indexed databases for review” Search for grey literature •Call for information •Personal and institutional contact •World-wide web search Challenges for a representative search • Problems with call for information – personal interest/limitations • Problems with personal and institutional contact – Staffs changes on NGOs • World-wide web – large number and difficulties in filter Challenges for a representative search •Difficult to control bibliographically •Grey database – not widely available – institutional subscribe – eg SIGLE (System for information on Grey Literature in Europe) Different type of grey literature •Annual reports •Theses/dissertations •Conference abstracts/proceedings •Working papers •Evaluation reports •Facts sheets and others Searching for representative literature •Which •Which •Which •Which organisations? key opinions? databases? web sites? Framework for a representative search International International level National Level Local Level National Local Childhood Malnutrition in Complex emergencies Initially identified 4802 *** Title/abstract scanned Full report 102 Included 173 Full paper scanned Non grey 12  Grey 20 Advantages of including ‘grey’ in a literature review •Access to wider variety of information •Reduces publication bias •Contain more local informationimportant for planning •Contain process informationimportant for policy makers Advantages of including ‘grey’ in a literature review •Reports not published in peer reviewed journals (e.g UN, WHO, HTA) •Access to new research •World Wide Web (4-6 Billion web pages) •Contain valuable and unique information, which is not found elsewhere Searching for representative literature Systematic review of published literature (databases) 2.Basic review of grey literature (web) Value of literature identified Personal communication with organisations and experts identified Phase Phase Phase Phase 4 Validation of representaiveness Literature review framework Searching for and locating appropriate literature Critically examining the results and extracting relevant details Synthesising and writing the review Published literature Standard tools and procedure developed Process Grey literature Call for information Personal and institutional contact World-wide web base search and grey literature data base search Assessment of methodological quality Data extraction Combination with other evidence Same as peer reviewed Conclusion • The identification of relevant studies in the grey literature and their inclusion in systematic reviews can be particularly timeconsuming and difficult • However, the inclusion of grey literature in systematic reviews will help to overcome some of the problems of publication bias and evidence for process and context • PREN at Aberdeen University is taking forward the development the tools which can be used to review the grey literature For further information Please contact to PREN group PREN@abdn.ac.uk Dr Jane Knight j.knight@abdn.ac.uk Dr Padam Simkhada p.p.simkhada@abdn.ac.uk Questions and comments ? [...]... search International International level National Level Local Level National Local Childhood Malnutrition in Complex emergencies Initially identified 4802 *** Title/abstract scanned Full report 102 Included 173 Full paper scanned Non grey 12  Grey 8 20 Advantages of including ‘grey’ in a literature review •Access to wider variety of information •Reduces publication bias •Contain more local informationimportant... not published in academic peer reviewed journals and available through indexed databases for review” Search for grey literature •Call for information •Personal and institutional contact •World-wide web search Challenges for a representative search • Problems with call for information – personal interest/limitations • Problems with personal and institutional contact – Staffs changes on NGOs • World-wide... difficulties in filter Challenges for a representative search •Difficult to control bibliographically •Grey database – not widely available – institutional subscribe – eg SIGLE (System for information on Grey Literature in Europe) Different type of grey literature •Annual reports •Theses/dissertations •Conference abstracts/proceedings •Working papers •Evaluation reports •Facts sheets and others Searching... 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 4 Validation of representaiveness Literature review framework Searching for and locating appropriate literature Critically examining the results and extracting relevant details Synthesising and writing the review Published literature Standard tools and procedure developed Process Grey literature 1 Call for information 2 Personal and institutional contact 3 World-wide web base... not published in peer reviewed journals (e.g UN, WHO, HTA) •Access to new research •World Wide Web (4-6 Billion web pages) •Contain valuable and unique information, which is not found elsewhere Searching for representative literature 1 Systematic review of published literature (databases) 2.Basic review of grey literature (web) Value of literature identified 3 Personal communication with organisations...Research Questions •Management of childhood malnutrition in complex emergencies What is a Systematic Literature Review •Aim is to reduce uncertainty by a rigorous methodology that is: – Comprehensive – Transparent or explicit – Leads to minimum bias – Reproducible Childhood Malnutrition in Complex emergencies Initially identified 4802 Title/abstract scanned Included 173 Full paper... tools and procedure developed Process Grey literature 1 Call for information 2 Personal and institutional contact 3 World-wide web base search and grey literature data base search 1 Assessment of methodological quality 2 Data extraction 1 Combination with other evidence 2 Same as peer reviewed Conclusion • The identification of relevant studies in the grey literature and their inclusion in systematic reviews... PREN at Aberdeen University is taking forward the development the tools which can be used to review the grey literature For further information Please contact to PREN group PREN@abdn.ac.uk Dr Jane Knight j .knight@ abdn.ac.uk Dr Padam Simkhada p.p.simkhada@abdn.ac.uk Questions and comments ?

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