8 ch15 rocksmineralmixtures

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8 ch15 rocksmineralmixtures

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8th Grade Science © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Chapter 15- Rocks: Mineral Mixtures Section 1: From Minerals to Rocks Section 2: Igneous Rocks Section 3: Sedimentary Rock Section 4: Metamorphic Rock © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 What is a Mineral? What Do You Think? What are some items you use in your everyday life that come from minerals? © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti What is a Mineral? Halite Crystal (NaCl) © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •All minerals must meet the following five characteristics: Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti What is a Mineral? •Natural, inorganic solid that forms a crystal lattice and has a Halite Crystal (NaCl) chemical formula © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti What is a Mineral? Halite Crystal (NaCl) © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •Since they form crystals, all minerals are ionic compounds Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Types of Minerals •Minerals are grouped by the chemicals in them Muscovite crystal under microscope © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •Silicate minerals contain silicon and oxygen Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Silicate Minerals Muscovite crystal under microscope © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •Over 90% of the minerals in Earth’s crust are silicates Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Nonsilicate Minerals •Nonsilicates are minerals that not contain silicon Calcite (CaCO3) © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Nonsilicate Minerals Calcite (CaCO3) © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •Nonsilicates are made of elements such as carbon, oxygen, iron and sulfur Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Sedimentary: Rock From Other Rocks •Wind, water, ice, and pressure all cause rock to break into pieces © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Sedimentary: Rock From Other Rocks Rivers Transport Sediment © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •In the process of erosion, rivers move sediment from one place to another Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Sedimentary: Rock From Other Rocks •Finally, the sediment is deposited in layers Sedimentary Rock Layers © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Sedimentary: Rock From Other Rocks •After compaction and cementation, sedimentary rock is formed Sedimentary Rock Layers © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Sedimentary: Rock From Other Rocks •Chemical sedimentary rock forms when minerals crystallize out of a solution of minerals and water Calcite Flowstone © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti From Minerals to Rocks Coal Limestone •Organic sedimentary rocks such as coal and limestone form from the remains of living things © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Metamorphic: Cooked Rock What Do You Think? When you mix up cookie dough, the mixture of ingredients is similar to sedimentary rock How does the cookie dough change when you place it in a hot oven? © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Metamorphic: Cooked Rock •Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been changed by heat and Contact Metamorphism pressure © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Metamorphic: Cooked Rock © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 : Secti Let’s Review! -1- What are the five characteristics of a mineral? How is a mineral different from a rock? © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 Let’s Review! -2- How does the rate of cooling affect the size of crystals in igneous rocks? © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 Let’s Review! -3- How does clastic sedimentary rock form? How does chemical sedimentary rock form? © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 Let’s Review! -4- What changes occur when heat and pressure are applied to a rock? What kinds of rocks can become metamorphic? © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 http://webmineral.com http://mineral.galleries.com http://www.mindat.org/ © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 Pre-AP Extensions © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit : Chapter 15 [...]... 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •Carbonates, such as calcite, are used in cement, building stone, and fireworks Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Nonsilicate Minerals Halite (NaCl) © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •Halide minerals are used in fertilizer, or to season your food Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Nonsilicate Minerals Corundum (Al2O3) © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •Oxide minerals... 2 © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying Minerals •Because a single mineral can be many colors, color is not a reliable way to identify a Quartz/Amethyst mineral Scepter (SiO ) 2 © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying Minerals Galena (PbS)Metallic Luster © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •The way the surface of... (Al2O3•2H2O)Earthy Luster © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying Minerals •Streak is the color of a mineral in powdered form © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying Minerals •Hematite’s color may change, but its streak is always the same © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying Minerals... Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •Fluorite, halite, and calcite all have cleavage along flat planes Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying Minerals Conchoidal Fracture © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •Sulfur has conchoidal fracture, meaning it breaks unevenly Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying Minerals •A mineral’s resistance to scratching it is called hardness © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade... Mohs’ hardness scale © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying Minerals •Density is another property used to identify minerals © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying Minerals •More ping-pong balls than golf balls are needed to balance the scale © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying... Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti From Minerals to Rocks Minerals of Granite © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •Rock is a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti From Minerals to Rocks Coal Limestone •Some types of rock, such as coal and limestone are made of organic materials, not minerals © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit... process by which new rock is formed from old rock material © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti The Rock Cycle •Each type of rock can be changed into every other type of rock © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti The Rock Cycle © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Igneous: Rock From Magma What Do You Think? What... and places around them? © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Igneous: Rock From Magma Lava Fountain © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •All igneous rock starts out as magma inside the earth Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Igneous: Rock From Magma Lava “Freezes” into Igneous Rock © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •When magma or lava cools down enough, it becomes... Secti Nonsilicate Minerals Gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade •Sulfates are used in cosmetics, toothpaste, and paint Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying Minerals •Geologists use physical properties such as color, luster, streak, and many others to identify minerals © Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD, 8th Grade Unit 3 : Chapter 15 : Secti Identifying Minerals •Quartz and amethyst

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Mục lục

  • Slide 1

  • Chapter 15- Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

  • What is a Mineral?

  • Slide 4

  • Slide 5

  • Slide 6

  • Types of Minerals

  • Silicate Minerals

  • Nonsilicate Minerals

  • Slide 10

  • Slide 11

  • Slide 12

  • Slide 13

  • Slide 14

  • Identifying Minerals

  • Slide 16

  • Slide 17

  • Slide 18

  • Slide 19

  • Slide 20

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