Geology chapter2

76 215 0
Geology chapter2

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống

Thông tin tài liệu

GEOL: CHAPTER Plate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory Learning Outcomes LO1: Review early ideas about continental drift LO2: Explain the evidence for continental drift LO3: Describe Earth’s magnetic field LO4: Explain paleomagnetism and polar wandering LO5: Explain magnetic reversals and seafloor spreading Learning Outcomes, cont LO6: Explain plate tectonic theory: a unifying theory LO7: Identify the three types of plate boundaries LO8: Describe hot spots and mantle plumes LO9: Explain plate movement and motion Learning Outcomes, cont LO10: Explain the driving mechanism of plate tectonics LO11: Recognize the role of plate tectonics in the distribution natural resources LO12: Recognize the role of plate tectonics in the distribution of life Continental Drift: Early Ideas • Alfred Suess, late 19th C, noted similarities on different continents of: – Plant fossils – Glaciation – Rock sequences • Gondwanaland as supercontinent Alfred Wegener • Continental drift hypothesis, 1915 • Pangaea break-up • Presented geologic, paleomagnetic, paleontologic, and climatologic evidence • Not well received • Alexander du Toit, 1937: proposed supercontinent originally at South Pole Continental Drift Evidence • Continental fit – South America and Africa • Similarity of rock sequences and mountain ranges – Appalachian Mountains and mountains in Europe/Greenland Hot Spots and Mantle Plumes • Intraplate: oceanic and continental • Mantle plume: column of magma from deep within the mantle • Hot spot: mantle plume magma breaks through the surface • Form volcanoes • Plates move over them • Island chains: Hawaiian Islands Plate Movement • • • • • Date magnetic anomalies in seafloor crust Helps determine past plate positions Works well only for oceanic crust Can also use satellite laser data Good data back to Pangaea Plate Tectonics Driving Mechanism • • Heat from Earth’s interior Thermal convection cells, two hypotheses Asthenosphere only Entire mantle • • Slab-pull: subducting colder slab pulls rest of plate down into asthenosphere Ridge-push: gravity pushes plate from higher ocean ridges to trenches Plate Tectonics and Natural Resources • Plate tectonics helps explain distribution of petroleum and minerals • Cooling magma from subduction zone can concentrate metallic ores • Copper deposits Plate Tectonics and Distribution of Life • Life distribution depends on climate • Climate depends on: – Geographical position – Geographic barriers – Prevailing winds – Ocean currents • Plate movements and hot spot volcanoes influence distributions of organisms

Ngày đăng: 29/11/2016, 23:42

Mục lục

  • GEOL: CHAPTER 2

  • Slide 2

  • Slide 3

  • Learning Outcomes

  • Learning Outcomes, cont.

  • Learning Outcomes, cont

  • Continental Drift: Early Ideas

  • Slide 8

  • Alfred Wegener

  • Continental Drift Evidence

  • Continental Drift Evidence, cont.

  • Slide 12

  • Slide 13

  • Slide 14

  • Slide 15

  • Earth’s Magnetic Field

  • Earth’s Magnetic Field, cont.

  • Slide 18

  • Slide 19

  • Slide 20

  • Slide 21

  • Paleomagnetism and Polar Wandering

  • Slide 23

  • Magnetic Reversals

  • Slide 25

  • Slide 26

  • Slide 27

  • Slide 28

  • Slide 29

  • Slide 30

  • Seafloor Spreading

  • Seafloor Spreading, cont.

  • Slide 33

  • Major Tectonic Plates

  • Slide 35

  • Plate Tectonics

  • Plate Tectonics, cont.

  • Plate Boundaries: 3 Types

  • Divergent Boundaries

  • Divergent Boundaries, cont.

  • Slide 41

  • Slide 42

  • Slide 43

  • Slide 44

  • Slide 45

  • Slide 46

  • Slide 47

  • Convergent Boundaries

  • Slide 49

  • Slide 50

  • Slide 51

  • Slide 52

  • Oceanic-Oceanic Boundaries

  • Slide 54

  • Oceanic-Continental Boundaries

  • Slide 56

  • Continental-Continental Boundaries

  • Slide 58

  • Slide 59

  • Transform Boundaries

  • Slide 61

  • Slide 62

  • Hot Spots and Mantle Plumes

  • Slide 64

  • Plate Movement

  • Slide 66

  • Plate Tectonics Driving Mechanism

  • Slide 68

  • Slide 69

  • Slide 70

  • Slide 71

  • Slide 72

  • Plate Tectonics and Natural Resources

  • Slide 74

  • Slide 75

  • Plate Tectonics and Distribution of Life

Tài liệu cùng người dùng

  • Đang cập nhật ...

Tài liệu liên quan