Intro industry

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Intro industry

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Introduction to Petroleum Geology (Non-Technical) • Industry History • Technology • Discoveries • Companies • Career Reflections (so you want to be a petroleum geologist) GEOL 4233 Class August, 2011 A History of Petroleum Ancient: • Egypt: oil to preserve mummies • China: natural gas for fuel • Babylonia: oil to seal walls and pave streets • America: tar to seal canoes First Drilling: • America: using cable tool: to 70’ in 1859 First Product: • Kerosene for lamps (Gasoline an unwanted by-product) Demand: • Industrial Revolution - Internal Combustion Engine (1885) - Global Economic Growth Natural Oil Spills Tar sand near Redden Oklahoma (Atoka County) Industry ‘Technological’ Milestones 1883: Anticlinal theory (where to drill) Anticlinal Theory Petroleum Accumulates in Structural Closure Gas Oil Water Industry ‘Technological’ Milestones 1883: Anticlinal theory (where to drill) 1914: Seismograph invented (remote sensing) 2D Seismic Line Gulf of Mexico (offshore) Industry ‘Technological’ Milestones 1883: Anticlinal theory (where to drill) 1914: Seismograph invented (remote sensing) 1920s: Introduction of rotary drilling (well control, environment) Standard Oil Company John D Rockefeller 1870-1911 (cartel) 1880 controlled 95% of US refining Broken apart in 1891 (Teddy Roosevelt) Standard Oil Break-Up (33 companies, including……) Standard of: • New Jersey – Exxon • New York – Mobil • Indiana – Amoco • California – Chevron Other Major Spin-Offs • Atlantic Richfield (ARCO) • Pennzoil The Original Seven Sisters (now 4) • Exxon • Shell (Royal Dutch) • BP (Anglo-Persian) • Mobil • Chevron • Gulf Oil • Texaco Major Mergers Occidental buys Cities Service – 1982 Chevron with Gulf Oil – 1985 (Now Chevron) BP with Amoco – 1998 (Now BP) Exxon with Mobil – 1999 Chevron with Texaco – 2001 (Now Chevron) Conoco with Phillips - 2002 Today’s Super-Majors • Exxon-Mobil • Shell • BP (formerly BP-Amoco) • Total •Merged with Petrofina (Belgium) 1999 •Merged with Elf Aquitaine (France) 2000 • Chevron (formerly Chevron-Texaco) • Conoco-Phillips Map of world regions showing OPEC member states Major State-Owned Companies • Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia) • Gazprom (Russia) • CNPC (China) • NIOC (Iran) • PDVSA (Venezuela) • Petrobras (Brazil) • Petronas (Malaysia) • Pemex (Mexico) Petroleum Geology Careers • Professional Demographics • Job Market • Expectations & Skills • Career Paths Decisions • The Key Projected World Energy Demand Hydroelectric 1993 100 BBOE / Yr 100 BILLION BARRELS 80 Solar, Wind Geothermal World Energy Demand Coal Nuclear Electric 60 Natural Gas 40 Crude Oil 20 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 3000 after Edwards AAPG 8/97 Cyclic Job Market Typical of Today’s Global Industries h as Cr G ro w th Retrench Employment 1973 1996 2003 Time ? ?? Energy Industry Geoscience Demographics Age Brackets - Geoscientists Worldwide In 2008 300 1975-83 Boom Hiring 250 200 150 100 50 >25 26-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 Age (YRS) 45-49 50-54 55-59 60+ Employer’s Expectations • • • • • Immediate Impact Bottom Line Focus High Productivity Continuous Training Problem Solving Necessary Skills • • • • Well-educated (love of geology) Self-motivated Team Player Excellent Communicator (oral, written, graphical) Career Path Decisions • Technical vs Managerial Ladder • Domestic vs International • Exploration vs Development Geology • Mergers and Acquisitions • Where to Start & If and When to Bail Geoscience Professional Development Independent Student Planned Training Broadening Succession Assignments Development Assignments Mentored by Experts Mentoring Mentors others Mentors others Manager Entry Level Formal Consultan t Senior Interpreter Specialist The Key To Success: Attitude [...]... blowout in West Texas Industry ‘Technological’ Milestones 1883: Anticlinal theory (where to drill) 1914: Seismograph invented (remote sensing) 1920s: Introduction of rotary drilling (well control, environment) Start of waterflooding (improved recovery) Industry ‘Technological’ Milestones 1883: Anticlinal theory (where to drill) 1914: Seismograph invented (remote sensing) 1920s: Introduction of rotary... drilling (well control, environment) Start of waterflooding (improved recovery) 1924: First electrical well logging (formation evaluation) Industry ‘Technological’ Milestones 1883: Anticlinal theory (where to drill) 1914: Seismograph invented (remote sensing) 1920s: Introduction of rotary drilling (well control, environment) Start of waterflooding (improved recovery) 1924: First electrical well logging... (formation evaluation) 1930s: Offshore drilling (access to prospective areas) Jack-Up Drilling Rig (Texas Federal Waters ~150’ water depth) Industry ‘Technological’ Milestones 1883: Anticlinal theory (where to drill) 1914: Seismograph invented (remote sensing) 1920s: Introduction of rotary drilling (well control, environment) Start of waterflooding (improved recovery) 1924: First electrical well logging... Directional drilling 1980s: 3D seismic (enhanced imaging) Oklahoma Industry Milestones Nellie Johnstone – OK 1897 (1st deliberate discovery) ONG installs first compressor on natural gas pipeline – 1910 First dual completion in Wicey Field – 1913 AAPG founded – 1918 First field tests of reflection seismograph conducted in OKC suburb – 1921 Introduction of rotary drilling to OK – 1924 Phillips Petroleum

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