Lecture 17 volcanoes

105 536 0
Lecture 17   volcanoes

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống

Thông tin tài liệu

Today: Chapter 9: The Wrath of Vulcan Volcanic Eruptions Term Break Extra Credit due this Friday by end of lecture Today’s Lecture: Chapter Volcanic activity Basic types of eruptions Anatomy of a volcano Materials erupted Classes of volcanoes Basaltic volcanoes Intermediate volcanoes Silicic volcanoes Volcanic hazards Case Study: Mt Saint Helens Types of Volcanic Eruptions Fig 09.09ab W W Norton Central Eruption Fissure Eruption Basic Anatomy of a Volcano Fig 09.10 W W Norton HY DROTHERMA L DEPOSITS A S REPOSITORIES FOR GEOLOGIC INFORMA TION  Most terrestrial hydrothermal systems are sustained by magmatic heat sources  Variations in the temperature (and density) of fluids drives convective circulation in the crust, producing large-scale transfers of energy and materials  As hot fluids move through the crust, they interact chemically with their host rocks, leaving behind distinctive geochemical, and mineralogical signatures Materials extruded during an eruption Volcanoes erupt: ◆ Lava ◆ Gases ◆ Pyroclastics Fragmented rock, ash & dust Ash and tephra Explosive eruption Volcanic bombs Side vent Eroded cone Lava cone Sills p.248-249a Mud flows (older) Pyroclastic flow (nuée ardente) Sequential ash and lava layers Lava flow Dikes Fracturing original artwork by Gary Hincks Cinder cones Lava pavement (cracked/broken) Old lava dome Lavas Sedimentary rocks Laccolith Metamorphic rocks Chimney Contact metamorphism Granite intrusion (older/cold) Magma chamber Fig 09.24 W W Norton Case study: Mt St Helens 9500’ ● Ejected nearly a cubic kilometer of ash & rock debris ● 59 deaths 8150’ ● Ash blown over 11 miles high! (1350’ shorter!) Fig 09.15 W W Norton Fig 09.16abc W W Norton Fig 09.22e Photo by J Marso, U.S Geological Survey Volcanic mudflows Mount Saint Helens A lava dome formed in crater after major eruption GENERA L FEA TURES OF HY DROTHERMA L SY STEMS Hydrothermal Systems:  Develop anywhere that fluids coexist with a heat source  Typical heat source a magma intrusion  Effects: Alteration of adjacent rocks and deposition of mineral deposits, often of economic importance  Also a source of geothermal energy Grand Prismatic Spring Videos: Types of Volcanic Eruptions 1: Lava flows 2: Ash falls 3: Ash flows 4: Mud flows VENUS Volcanoes Elsewhere in Solar System MARS Fig 09.30a JPL / NASA Olympus Mons: Largest Volcano in the Solar System Olympus Mons, Mars Jupiter’s moon “Io” From Scientific American, Feb 2000 ● Jupiter’s moon “Io” Volcanic Eruptions in Progress on Io Fig 09.30b JPL / NASA

Ngày đăng: 29/11/2016, 22:53

Từ khóa liên quan

Mục lục

  • PowerPoint Presentation

  • Slide 2

  • Fig. 09.09ab

  • Slide 4

  • Slide 5

  • Fig. 09.10

  • Slide 7

  • Slide 8

  • p.248-249a

  • Fig. 09.24

  • Slide 11

  • Fig. 09.04a

  • Fig. 09.04b

  • Slide 14

  • p.248-249c

  • Slide 16

  • Slide 17

  • Slide 18

  • Slide 19

  • Slide 20

  • Slide 21

  • Slide 22

  • Slide 23

  • Slide 24

  • Slide 25

  • Slide 26

  • Slide 27

  • Slide 28

  • Slide 29

  • Fig. 09.13

  • Fig. 09.20a

  • Slide 32

  • Slide 33

  • Fig. 09.00

  • Fig. 09.03d

  • Slide 36

  • Slide 37

  • Fig. 09.03b

  • Fig. 09.22a

  • Slide 40

  • Slide 41

  • Fig. 09.03c

  • Fig. 09.22b

  • Slide 44

  • Slide 45

  • Slide 46

  • Fig. 09.18a

  • Fig. 09.18b

  • Today’s Lecture

  • Slide 50

  • Fig. 09.08

  • Slide 52

  • Slide 53

  • Slide 54

  • Slide 55

  • Slide 56

  • Slide 57

  • Slide 58

  • Slide 59

  • Slide 60

  • Slide 61

  • Slide 62

  • Slide 63

  • Slide 64

  • Slide 65

  • Slide 66

  • Slide 67

  • Slide 68

  • Slide 69

  • Fig. 09.05a

  • Slide 71

  • Fig. 09.01a

  • Fig. 09.01b

  • Slide 74

  • Slide 75

  • Fig. 09.07

  • Slide 77

  • Slide 78

  • Slide 79

  • Slide 80

  • Fig. 09.11ab

  • Slide 82

  • Slide 83

  • Slide 84

  • Fig. 09.29b

  • Slide 86

  • Slide 87

  • Slide 88

  • Slide 89

  • Slide 90

  • Slide 91

  • Fig. 09.15

  • Fig. 09.16abc

  • Fig. 09.22e

  • Slide 95

  • Slide 96

  • Slide 97

  • Slide 98

  • Slide 99

  • Slide 100

  • Fig. 09.30a

  • Slide 102

  • Slide 103

  • Slide 104

  • Fig. 09.30b

Tài liệu cùng người dùng

  • Đang cập nhật ...

Tài liệu liên quan