Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ động từ Các trường hợp chủ ngữ đứng tách khỏi động từ Trong câu tiếng Anh, có nhiều trường hợp khó xác định đâu chủ ngữ câu chủ ngữ động từ không liền với The boys in the room are playing chess Thông thường trường hợp đó, ngữ giới từ (một giới từ mở đầu danh từ theo sau – in the room) thường nằm chủ ngữ động từ Các ngữ giới từ không ảnh hưởng đến việc chia động từ The study of languages is very interesting Serveral theories on this subject have been proposed The view of these disciplines varies from time to time The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly Chú ý: với từ đây, động từ chia theo chủ ngữ trước Together with along with accompanied by as well as Mary, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight Mr Robbins, accompanied by her wife and children, is arriving tonight Nếu danh từ làm chủ ngữ nối với and động từ phải chia thứ số nhiều Mary and her manager are going to a party tonight đồng chủ ngữ nối với or động từ phải chia theo danh từ đứng sau or Nếu danh từ số động từ phải chia số ngược lại Mary or her manager is going to answer the press interview Chú ý: chủ ngữ kết hợp and ám người vật ta phải chia động từ số Và chủ ngữ nối and có từ every đứng trước ta dùng động từ số Macaroni and cheese is my favorite food The librarian and reading teacher is Mrs Jones Every dog and cat has been vaccinated Trường hợp Với chủ ngữ từ đây, chia động từ thứ số * Either neither số chúng không với or nor Cụm từ many a chia với động từ số Everybody who wants to buy a ticket should be in this line Something is in my eye Anybody who has lost his ticket should report to the desk Neither of his pens is able to be used If either of you takes a vacation now, we will not be able to finish the work No problem is harder than this one Nobody works harder than John does Với chủ ngữ từ sau chia với động từ số nhiều PLURAL: several, few, both, many Ví dụ: both a great deal of work in the office Chú ý: số từ chia với động từ số nhiều ( từ danh từ không đếm dùng động từ chia số ngược lại Ví dụ: some, any, none, all, most Some of the sugar is in the floor Some of the books are in the floor Cách sử dụng None No None No dùng với danh từ số số nhiều None of the + non-count noun + singular verb None of the + plural count noun + plural verb None of the counterfeit money has been found None of the students have finished the exam yet · Nếu sau No danh từ đếm số không đếm động từ phải thứ số Nếu sau danh từ số nhiều động từ phải thứ số nhiều No + {singular noun / non-count noun} + singular verb No + plural noun + plural verb No example is relevant to this case No examples are relevant to this case Cách sử dụng cấu trúc either or (hoặc hoặc) neither nor (không mà không) Điều cần lưu ý sử dụng cấu trúc động từ phải chia theo danh từ sau or nor Nếu or nor xuất (không có either neither) áp dụng quy tắc tương tự (như đề cập phần trên) Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today Either John or his friends are going to the beach today Neither the boys nor Carmen has seen this movie before Either John or Bill is going to the beach today Neither the director nor the secretary wants to leave yet V-ing làm chủ ngữ Khi V-ing dùng làm chủ ngữ động từ phải chia thứ số Knowing her has made him what he is Not studying has caused him many problems Washing with special cream is recommended for scalp infection Being cordial is one of his greatest assets Writing many letters makes her happy Chú ý: Động từ nguyên thể dùng làm chủ ngữ động từ sau chia thứ số Nhưng người ta thường dùng chủ ngữ giả it để mở đầu câu To find the book is necessary for him = It is necessary for him to find the book Các danh từ tập thể Đó danh từ bảng sau dùng để nhóm người tổ chức thực tế chúng danh từ số ít, đại từ động từ theo sau chúng thứ số Congress family group committee class Organization team army club crowd Government jury majority* minority public The committee has met, and it has rejected the proposal The family was elated by the news The crowd was wild with excitement Congress has initiated a new plan to combat inflation The organization has lot many members this year Our team is going to win the game Tuy nhiên thành viên nhóm hoạt động riêng rẽ, động từ chia thứ số nhiều: Congress votes for the bill (Quốc hội bỏ phiếu cho dự luật, gồm tất người) Congress are discussing about the bill (Quốc hội tranh luận dự luật, tức số tán thành, số phản đối * Danh từ majority dùng tuỳ theo thành phần sau để chia động từ The majority + singular verb The majority of the + plural noun + plural verb The majority believes that we are in no danger The majority of the students believe him to be innocent · The police/the sheep/the fish + plural verb The sheep are breaking away The police come only to see the dead bodies and a ruin in the bank · A couple + singular verb A couple is walking on the path · The couple + plural verb The couple are racing their horses through the meadow · Các cụm từ nhóm sau nhóm động vật gia súc Cho dù sau giới từ of danh từ số nhiều động từ chia theo chủ ngữ – thứ số ít: flock of birds/ sheep, school of fish, herd of cattle, pride of lions, pack of dogs The flock of birds is circling overhead The herd of casttle is breaking away A school of fish is being attacked by sharks · Tất danh từ tập thể thời gian, tiền bạc, số đo, đề cập đến thể thống xem danh từ số Do động từ đại từ theo sau chúng phải thứ số Twenty-five dollars is too much for the meal Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test Twenty dollars is all I can afford to pay for that radio Two miles is too much to run in one day He has contributed $50, and now he wants to contribute another fifty Cách sử dụng a number of, the number of: A number of = “Một số ”, với danh từ số nhiều, động từ chia số nhiều A number of + plural noun + plural verb A number of students are going to the class picnic (Một số sinh viên ) A number of applicants have already been interviewed The number of = “Số lượng ”, với danh từ số nhiều, động từ thứ số The number of + plural noun + singular verb The number of days in a week is seven (Số lượng ngày tuần 7) The number of residents who have been questioned on this matter is quite small Các danh từ số nhiều Bảng sau danh từ hình thái số nhiều chúng bao gồm thực thể nên đại từ động từ với chúng phải số nhiều scissors shorts pants jeans tongs trousers eyeglasses pliers tweezers Nếu muốn chúng thành số phải dùng a pair of The pants are in the drawer A pair of pants is in the drawer These scissors are dull (Cái kéo cùn Chú ý có kéo dùng với these) Chú ý: số danh từ có dạng thức số nhiều chia với động từ số ( measles, politics, mathematics, …………… Cách dùng there is, there are ngữ thật câu là danh từ sau động từ Nếu danh từ số động từ to be chia thứ số ngược lại There has been an increase in the importation of foreign cars Threre is a storm approaching There was an accident last night There was water on the floor There have been a number of telephone calls today There were too many people at the party Lưu ý: • • Các cấu trúc: there is certain/ sure/ likely/ bound to be = chắn có There is sure to be trouble when she gets his letter (Chắc chắn có rắc rối cô nhận thư anh ta) Do you think there is likely to be snow (Anh cho chắn có tuyết chứ) Trong dạng tiếng Anh quy chuẩn văn chương số động từ khác to be sử dụng với there: Động từ trạng thái: stand/ lie/ remain/ exist/ live Động từ đến: enter/ go/ come/ follow/ develop In a small town in Germany there once lived a poor shoemaker (Tại thị trấn nhỏ Đức có ông thợ giày nghèo sống đó) There remains nothing more to be done (Chả có mà làm) Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black (Bỗng có hình bóng kì lạ mặc toàn đồ đen vào) There followed an uncomfortable silence (Sau im lặng đến khó chịu) There + subject pronoun + go/ come/ be: kìa/ là/ There he comes (Anh ta đến kìa) There you are, I have been waiting for you for over an hour (Anh rồi, chờ anh đến tiếng đấy) EXERCISE I : Choose the correct form of the verbs in parentheses in the following sentences A John along with twenty friends, (is / are) planning a party The picture of the soldiers (bring / brings) back many memories The quality of these recordings (is / are) not very good If the duties of these officers (isn’t / aren’t) reduced, there will not be enough time to finish the project Neither Bill nor Mary (is / are) going to the play tonight Anything (is / are) better than going to another movie tonight A number of reporters (was / were) at the conference yesterday There (was / were) some people at the meeting last night Each student (has / have) answered the first three questions 10 Either John or his wife (make / makes) breakfast each morning 11 The army (has / have) eliminated this section of the training test 12 The number of students who have withdrawn from class this quarter (is / are) appalling 13 Every elementary school teacher (has / have) to take this examination 14 The police (come / comes) to the site of the accident 15 These pictures, as well as photograph (brighten / brightens) the room 16 What he told you (seem / seems) to be of on importance 17 Tow years (is / are) a long time to wait 18 Bread and butter (is / are) what she asks for 19 Measles (is / are) cured without much difficulty nowadays 20 After a long day’s work (is / are) not the right time to dancing B Either the physicians in this hospital or the chief administrator (is/are) going to have to make a decision (is/are) my boss or my sisters in the union going to win this grievance? Some of the votes (seem/seems) to have been miscounted The tornadoes that tear through this county every spring (is/are) more than just a nuisance Everyone selected to serve on this jury (have/has) to be willing to give up a lot of time Kara Wolters, together with her teammates, (present/presents) a formidable opponent on the basketball court He seems to forget that there (is/are) things to be done before he can graduate There (have/has) _ to be some people left in that town after yesterday's flood Some of the grain (appear/appears) to be contaminated 10 Three-quarters of the students (is/are) against the tuition hike 11 Three-quarters of the student body (is/are) against the tuition hike 12 A high percentage of the population (is/are) _ voting for the new school 13 A high percentage of the people (was/were) _ voting for the new school C Dr Ferndon is one of those professors who (seem/seems) _ distracted most of the time (have/has) _ either Luis or his parents written to Angela? Neither Luis nor his parents (is/are) _ the least bit interested in keeping in touch with her Everybody on this team (try/tries) really hard to please the new coach Because there (is/are) _ so many students in that class, I can sometimes sleep in the back row Neither traffic light neither the one on Asylum Avenue nor the one on Farmington Avenue-(was/were)- _ working after the storm Mr Bradley, along with his two sisters, have/has _ lived in this town for thirty years There (is/are) _ no reasons for this horrible development that I can see Some of the water (have/has) _ already gone bad 10 One of these students(have/has) _ obviously cheated on the exam 11 Either the UConn Women's Team or the UConn Men's Team (is/are) _ going to be national champion this year 12 Carlos and his brother Raoul (is/are) _ traveling across the country next summer 13 Several of the students (have/has) _ decided to withdraw from the course D There _(is/are) _ several reasons why you should reconsider your decision Howard and Vincent, who ( run/runs) a copy center in town, have decided to expand their business Both of the statues on the shelf (is/are) broken The fishing boat that has been tied up at the pier for three days _(was/were) _ finally on its way this morning Remember that a subject and its verb are not always together The chairman, along with his two assistants,(plans/plan) to attend the annual convention The issues of inflation and tax reform (continue/continues) to be on everyone's mind Juan or Julian (prepare/prepares) the conference room each week Not one of the performers (was/were) at the party after the concert The results of the election (was/were) not available for two days 10 When there _(is/are) _ thunderstorms approaching, we are always reminded of the threat of tornadoes Neither of us (was/were) able to predict the outcome of today's game Macaroni and cheese_(is/are) my favorite dish At the foot of the mountain (was/were) two enormous vineyards, both owned by the same woman A small percentage of the grain (was/were) _ ruined by the prolonged rain Most parents mistakenly think that mumps (have/has) _ been eliminated as a childhood disease Our college should change (its/their) _ policy about withdrawals Coaches Espinoza and Calhoun coach different sports Neither Espinoza nor Calhoun scheduled (her/their) team for the gym this afternoon No one has offered to let us use (her/their/his or her) _ home for the department meeting If I ever find my glasses, I think I'll have (it/them) replaced 10 General Motors will probably recall most of (its/their) _ four-wheel-drive vehicles E Neither of us (was/were) able to predict the outcome of today's game Macaroni and cheese (is/are) my favorite dish At the foot of the mountain (was/were) two enormous vineyards, both owned by the same woman A small percentage of the grain (was/were) _ ruined by the prolonged rain Most parents mistakenly think that mumps (has/have) _ been eliminated as a childhood disease Our college should change(its/their) _ policy about withdrawals Coaches Espinoza and Calhoun coach different sports Neither Espinoza nor Calhoun scheduled (her/their) team for the gym this afternoon No one has offered to let us use (her/their/his or her) _ home for the department meeting If I ever find my glasses, I think I'll have (it/them) replaced 10 General Motors will probably recall most of (its/their) _ four-wheel-drive vehicles EXERCISE II : Either or Neither nor Insert “is, am, are, was, were, has, have, or does” That clown shows that either snow or rain about to fall Neither the cock nor the hens in the ward By what time either you or your father decided to go ? Either one or tow apples been picked up ripe Neither the moon nor stars visible in this dark night To what place either the man or his son wish to go ? Neither the master nor his pupils idle Neither he nor you heard of this before No girl or boy allowed to play in the school 10 Neither the man nor his wife much work EXERCISE III : As well as Insert “is, am, are, was, were, has, have, or does” This house as well as that for sale, which will you have ? The horse as well as the rider hurt by the fall James as well as Mary won a prize this term Beauty as well as health fallen to her lot in life I myself as well as James gone to the party The cock as well as the hens calling for food A garden as well as stables attached to the house A garden as well as a stable attached to the house The hens as well as the cock calling for food 10 Stables as well as a garden attached to the house A black cat (bring, brings) bad luck, according to an old superstition Young children often (protest, protests) when bedtime (roll, rolls) around My thoughts often (become, becomes) confused when I sit down to write an essay When it is hot and humid, my clothes (stick, sticks) to me A person (need, needs) to set goals if he or she wants to succeed The damages (were, was) not serious, but the cost of repairs was over a thousand dollars My head (feel, feels) as if it is about to burst Joseph (have, has) two sisters, one brother, and several pets When a tree (fall, falls) in a forest and no one is present, does it make a sound? 10 The food containers (is, are) stacked in the lower cabinet 11 Mothers (like, likes) to see their children grow into independent adults 12 My brother (work, works) at the Baptist Hospital as a physical therapist 13 The little girl (have, has) a beautiful smile, even though her two front teeth (are, is) missing 14 A kitten (open, opens) its eyes when it is about ten days old 15 Some boys (pitch, pitches) with one hand and (bat, bats) with another Marvin’s excuses for not having completed his research paper (bore, bores) me Speeding in restricted zones, especially those near schools, (endanger, endangers) lives One computer for two or three students (seem, seems) inadequate The popularity of violent movies (reflect, reflects) the values of our society Honeydews, one of the favorite melons of consumers, (taste, tastes) clean and sweet Coaches who are disciplined and who demand discipline from their players usually (have, has) winning teams The annual sales of video games in the United States probably (exceed, exceeds) a billion dollars Small amounts of tar and nicotine (damage, damages) the health of smokers Fiberglass, often used as an insulating material in homes, (cause, causes) allergic reactions in some people 10 The women riding in the back seat of the car (was, were) not injured in the accident 11 Animals which sleep in the day and are active at night (have, has) good night vision 12 The students waiting in line for tickets to the concert (expect, expects) to get good seats 13 A teenager who tries to conform to the expectations of adults (is, are) often ridiculed by his or her peers 14 The bark of some trees (have, has) been used for years by herbalists to treat certain diseases Ben and Pete (want, wants) to buy a new computer The color and style (is, are) important to most teenagers The price or warranty (is, are) not as important as other factors Neither a new television nor stereo (interest, interests) Ben and Pete A large monitor and quality sound (impress, impresses) them The manager and sales clerk (try, tries) to convince them to buy an expensive model Neither Ben nor Pete (want, wants) to make a rush decision about the computer Video editing and computer graphics (provide, provides) new possibilities for the user Most people know when a computer system or program (work, works) properly, and they can usually minor repairs themselves 10 A computer course and a reference guide (is, are) necessary for serious users 11 A new keyboard or mouse (attract, attracts) those interested in upgrading their systems 12 The sales clerk or the parents (select, selects) age-appropriate computer games for children 13 Neither the directions on the package nor the brochure (explain, explains) how to play the game 14 Both the hard drive and the software installed on our old computer (is, are) damaged (Does, Do) every boy and girl in kindergarten visit the museum? Clowns and fools, as well as heroes, (appear, appears) in many of Shakespeare's plays Either the plaintiff or the defendant (has, have) changed his mind about the suit Neither the President nor his family members (was, were) safe Fish and chips (is, are) a specialty of local restaurants Every dog and cat (is, are) required to wear a tag certifying that it has been vaccinated 7 The cook and housekeeper (is, are) paid a larger salary than the gardener because of the extra requirements of her job