Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP GIẢM MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE (V - ing / PII / to V / noun phrase) I Tóm tắt giảng 1) Dùng cụm Ving: Dùng cho mệnh đề chủ động - The man who is standing there is my brother  The man standing there is my brother - The girl who bought this cat is beautiful  The girl buying this cat is beautiful - The students who don't their homework will be punished  The students not doing their homework will be punished * Lưu ý: Khi có giới từ không giảm mệnh đề quan hệ được, lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ Ví dụ: The man whom I am talking about is handsome  không giảm mệnh đề quan hệ được, lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ “whom”: The man I am talking about is handsome 2) Dùng cụm P.P: Dùng cho mệnh đề bị động I like books which were written by NguyenDu I like books written by NguyenDu 3) Dùng cụm to inf Dùng danh từ đứng trước có chữ sau bổ nghĩa : - ONLY,LAST, số thứ tự như: FIRST,SECOND This is the only student who can the problem This is the only student to the problem - Động từ HAVE/HAD I have many homework that I must I have many homework to - Đầu câu có HERE (BE),THERE (BE) There are six letters which have to be written today There are six letters to be written today GHI NHỚ : Trong phần to inf cần nhớ điều sau: * Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ phải đem xuống cuối câu ( lỗi dễ sai nhất) - We have a rack which we hang our coat on ( Chúng có giá để treo quần áo lên.)  We have a rack to hang our coat on - We have a peg on which we can hang our coat  We have a peg to hang our coat on * Nếu chủ từ mệnh đề khác thêm cụm for sb trước to inf - We have some picture books that children can read - We have some picture books for children to read Tuy nhiên chủ từ đại từ có nghĩa chung chung we, you, everyone không cần ghi Ví dụ: Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP - Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about - Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us) to think about 4) Dùng cụm danh từ - noun phrase ( đồng chủ ngữ ) Dùng mệnh đề tính từ có dạng: Who / which + BE + DANH TỪ / TÍNH TỪ / CỤM DANH TỪ / CỤM TRẠNG NGỮ Cách làm: bỏ who ,which be - Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health  Football, a popular sport, is very good for health - Do you like the book which is on the table?  Do you like the book on the table? - Hanoi, which is the capital of Vietnam, is beautiful  Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is beautiful  Bài tập vận dụng Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng Ving, V Vto Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country The children who attend that school receive a good education The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress They live in a house that was built in We have an apartment which overlooks the park Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flied into space We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country 10 The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals 11 Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ? 12 The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet 13 I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country 14 They live in a house that was built in 15 He was the first man who left the burning building Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP 16 The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors 17 The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet 18 The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher 19 Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ? 20 Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning 21 The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries 22 He was the only man who reached the top 23 He is always the first who comes and the last who goes 24 People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss 25 He was the second man who was saved in the fire 26 I haven’t got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with 27 The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island 28 The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable 29 This is the third who is late for the meeting today 30 Am I the next person who joins the interview ? Câu nhấn mạnh (Emphatic form) It is / was + … + that / who / whom / which + verb + clause Ví dụ: Alex won the prize in 2005  It was Alex who / that won the prize in 2005  It was the prize that / which Alex won in 2005  It was in 2005 that Alex won the prize (Không dùng: It was in 2005 when Alex won the prize ) II Bài nhà Bài Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ câu sau 1) We had a river in which we could swim 2) Here are some accounts that you must check Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP 3) The last student that was interviewed was Tom 4) We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN 5) My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad 6) I was the only one who realized him 7) I have some homework which I must tonight 8) Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way 9) I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel 10) There are six reports which have to be typed today Bài Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ câu sau 1) Dalat, which is best known for foreign travellers, has pleasant weather 2) Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the wild 3) Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America 4) She is the only woman who was appointed to the board 5) The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush with which I can sweep it 6) A person who serves in a shop is called a shop assistant 7) John, who is my friend, has studied English for ten years 8) There are many exercises that we have to finish before school 9) The mistakes which you have to correct are very important 10) We have a few exercises that we have to Bài Rewrite the following sentences: Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page The queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island Arizona, which was once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapidly gowing industrial and agricultural The country now has 300 power stations All of them are part of a national network The picture is beautiful Tom is looking at it Where can I catch the bus? - It goes downtown I have a class It begins at a.m Mr Marks, whose farm the stream flows across, is unhappy about the plans for the new dam The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary 10 He was the first man who left the burning building Bài Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sau cách sử dụng tính từ ghép 1) I've just bought a house which has five storeys 2) Have you ever seen a cow which has six legs ? 3) The girl who is ten years old is my sister 4) Give me the note which costs ten dollars 5) Vietnamese students have a summer holiday which lasts months 6) We have two breaks which last 30 minutes 7) That is a car which has three wheels 8) The man who has one leg looks at me angrily 9) The snake which has two heads is not found Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP 10) Mikoon is a monster which has heads KEY Bài 1) We had a river to swim in 2) Here are some accounts for you to check 3) Tom was the last student to be interviewed 4) We visited Hanoi, the capital of VN 5) My father, a pilot, often goes abroad 6) I was the only one to realize him 7) I have some homework to tonight 8) Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way 9) I was awakened by the sound of a laughter coming from the room next to mine at the motel 10) There are six reports to be typed today Bài 1) Dalat, best known for foreign travellers, has pleasant weather 2) Animals born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those captured in the wild 3) Few tourists ever see a jaguar, a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America 4) She is the only woman to be appointed to the board 5) The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush to sweep it with 6) The person serving in a shop is called a shop assistant 7) John, my friend, has studied English for ten years 8) There are many exercises for us to finish before school 9) The mistakes for you to correct are very important 10) We have a few exercises to Những vấn đề cần lưu ý : - Nhớ đem giới từ (nếu có ) trước which/whom phía sau (câu ) - Chỉ bỏ for sb có ý chung chung thấy you we bỏ (câu 8,9) Bài Be sure to follow the instructions given at the top of the page The queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the island Arizona, once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapidly growing industrial and agricultural The country now has 300 power stations, all of which are part of a national network The picture at which Tom is lookịng is beautiful Where can I catch the bus going downtown? I have a class beginning at a.m Mr Marks, across whose farm the stream flows, is unhappy about the plans for the new dam The photographs published in the newspaper were extraordinary 10 He was the first man to leave the burning building Bài 1) I've just bought a five- storey house 2) Have you ever seen a six-leg cow? 3) The ten- yea-old girl is my sister Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98 Moon.vn Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP 4) Give me the ten- dollar note 5) Vietnamese students have a three- month summer holiday 6) We have two thirty- minute breaks 7) That is a three- wheel car 8) The one-leg man looks at me angrily 9) The two- head snake is not found 10) Mikoon is a six-head monster Moon.vn Hotline: 04.32.99.98.98