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Unit 3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES PART 1 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ITS) 1. VOCABULARY BUILDING AND SPEAKING Intelligent Transport Systems 2. READING WHAT IS ITS AND WHAT MAKES ITS ? It could be said that Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) began, for example, with the first levelcrossings, where roads meet railways without the benefit of bridges. That was in the 19th century. Today, ITS may be more complex – but it is generally less visible and taken for granted.
Unit PART 1 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ITS) VOCABULARY BUILDING AND SPEAKING Intelligent Transport Systems a In groups, look at the following pictures and guess the following terms b Look at the following chart which describe the benefits of ITS services and give ideas to support these benefits (Use the pictures below to find out the ideas) ITS FUNDAMENTAL SERVICES Vehicular information transmission Fee payment Information provision To identify the vehicle or driver and to provide information to that vehicle or To allow cashless payment of various types of fees that may be To provide various types of road traffic information on roadside facilities Information and warnings Others To provide Pedestrian drivers with support information • Application and warnings for interto support vehicle their driving communicati driver • Probes • Facility entry/exit managemen t charged • Internet while driving connection in a car • Multipurpose payment • ETC • • Driving support informatio n Warning and vehicle control on • Application using wired communicati on There There is is aa persistent persistent misunderstanding misunderstanding of of Intelligent Intelligent Transport Transport Systems Systems ITS ITS is invisible to the public and tends to be taken for granted This can lead to is invisible to the public and tends to be taken for granted This can lead to aa lack READING of lack of appreciation appreciation of of its its importance importance and and contribution contribution to to today’s today’s road road network network performance performance IfIf ITS ITS is is invisible invisible it it is is also also non-controversial non-controversial This This feature is its to feature is really really compliment to its effectiveness; effectiveness; compared to physical physical WHAT IS aa compliment AND to WHAT MAKES compared ? infrastructure infrastructure expansion, expansion, ITS ITS offers offers aa fast fast and and cost cost effective effective means means to to keep keep It could be said that Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) began, for example, with roads roads flowing flowing So So let let us us look look at at what what ITS ITS is is and and the the vital vital role role it it is is playing playing in in the first level-crossings, where roads meet railways without the benefit of bridges major transport policy objectives – such as road safety, the fight against major transport policy objectives – such as road safety, the fight against traffic and emissions, especially gases traffic congestion and reduced reduced emissions, especially of–greenhouse greenhouse gases That was in congestion the 19th century Today, ITS may be more complexof but it is generally ITS ITS less visible and taken for granted The The ITS ITS Chain: Chain: though though ITS, ITS, road road networks networks can can be be operated operated and and utilized utilized more more efficiently efficiently The The term term encompasses encompasses many many systems systems applied applied on on the the road road and and in in road road management management facilities, facilities, ITS ITS applications applications are are now now getting getting closer closer to to road road users users and and their their vehicle vehicle through through mass mass media media and and in-vehicle in-vehicle systems systems ITS: A Multi-Purpose Tool for Better Roads A description A simplified simplifiedVisser description Caroline Caroline Visser of of steps steps involved involved in in the the chain chain for for most most ITS ITS applications is: applications is:Programme IRF, Geneva IRF, Geneva Programme Centre Centre Data Data collection: collection: on, on, for for example, example, road road conditions conditions –– like like the the number number a In pairs, draw a diagram illustrate the steps involved in ITS of passing aa certain and speed, but weather of vehicles vehicles passing certaintopoint point and average average speed, but also also weather conditions Other examples are the positioning of vehicles through conditions Other examples are the positioning of vehicles through chain mobile mobile phone phone tracking tracking or or satellite-based satellite-based systems systems Data Data transfer, transfer, processing processing and and analysis: analysis: the the communication communication of of collected data to central units for aggregation and transformation into collected data to central units for aggregation and transformation into decision-making decision-making information information Use Use of of the the information: information: this this might might be be aa decision decision by by road road operators operators to apply certain measures on the road network; it could be a decision to apply certain measures on the road network; it could be a decision by by a road user to alter his route after receiving traffic information b Read “Safe road and safety driving” passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) 1……… ITS plays an important role in both preventing accidents and minimizing their impacts 2……… The best-known ITS application is speed limit enforcement through radar and speed cameras 3……… ITS systems provide early warning and identification of incidents on road 4……… ITS is increasingly installed within the vehicles 5……… ITS provides up-to-date and accurate information to road users Safe Safe roads roads and and safe safe driving: driving: ITS ITS plays plays an an important important role role in in both both preventing preventing accidents accidents and and mitigating mitigating their their impacts impacts ITS ITS helps helps to to implement implement and and deliver the ambitious policy objectives as set by national governments or deliver the ambitious policy objectives as set by national governments or the the European European Commission Commission Although Although most most road road users users might might not not perceive perceive it it as as such, such, the the most most common common example example of of safety-related safety-related ITS ITS applications applications is is speed speed limit limit enforcement enforcement through through radar and speed cameras But much more has been done in this field radar and speed cameras But much more has been done in this field of of application Road operators have invested a lot of time and money in incident application Road operators have invested a lot of time and money in incident management management and and accident accident detection detection systems systems These These systems systems provide provide early early warning and identification of incidents on the road They enable a quick response warning and identification of incidents on the road They enable a quick response by by emergency emergency services services to to help help victims victims and and other other people people involved involved in in the the incident incident Furthermore Furthermore they they reduce reduce the the impact impact of of the the incident incident on on the the flow flow of of traffic traffic by by guiding traffic around the incident (through road signaling and information guiding traffic around the incident (through road signaling and information provision) provision) and and informing informing travelers travelers of of what’s what’s ahead ahead ITS ITS is is everywhere everywhere and, and, increasingly, increasingly, within within the the vehicle vehicle itself itself In-car In-car safety safety systems systems increase increase survival survival chances chances in in aa severe severe accident accident and and other other systems systems support support the the driver driver on on the the task task of of accident accident prevention prevention A A third third field field which which is is important important to to road road safety safety is is the the provision provision of of up-to-date up-to-date and and accurate accurate information information to to road road users users Within Within today’s today’s mass mass media, media, people people have have aa large display of options available for planning their trip and being kept up-to-date large display of options available for planning their trip and being kept up-to-date on on road road conditions conditions This This contributes contributes to to their their comfort comfort level level which which in in turn turn has has aa positive positive impact impact on on road road safety safety An An informed informed and and comfortable comfortable driver driver is is aa safe safe driver driver c Read “Delivering road sustainability” passage and answer the following questions In what ways does ITS contribute to the improved sustainability of roads? What are ITS measures managed from traffic control centres? Why does electronic tolling help decrease the amount of exhaust fumes? What ITS application limits the negative impacts of surcharged urban road networks and increases the quality of life in surrounding areas? What are the uses of ITS in business? Delivering Delivering road road sustainability: sustainability: as as with with road road safety, safety, there there is is no no one one single single way way ITS ITS contributes contributes to to the the improved improved sustainability sustainability of of roads roads There There are are many many ITS ITS applications applications either either aimed aimed at at optimizing optimizing the the available available supply supply of of road road infrastructure, or reducing demand for it; thereby helping to make road transport infrastructure, or reducing demand for it; thereby helping to make road transport more more efficient efficient and and stabilizing stabilizing and and even even reducing reducing its its share share in in causing causing climate climate change change From From aa road road operator’s operator’s point point of of view, view, life life without without ITS ITS is is unthinkable unthinkable It It is is the the most most important tool to fight congestion and optimize use of the road network important tool to fight congestion and optimize use of the road network Controlled Controlled use use of of the the hard hard shoulder shoulder during during peak peak hours, hours, dynamic dynamic speed speed limits, limits, overtaking overtaking prohibitions, prohibitions, the the display display of of travel travel times times on on variable variable message message signs signs –– all all are are ITS ITS measures, measures, managed managed from from traffic traffic control control centres centres equipped equipped with with the the latest technology latest technology Developments Developments in in electronic electronic tolling tolling allow allow people people to to use use toll toll roads roads without without having having to to stop stop at at toll toll stations, stations, thereby thereby decreasing decreasing the the amount amount of of exhaust exhaust fumes fumes and and obviating obviating the the need need for for ever ever larger larger toll toll plazas plazas Congestion Congestion charging charging schemes schemes allow allow authorities in dense urban areas to limit the negative impacts of surcharged authorities in dense urban areas to limit the negative impacts of surcharged urban urban road road networks networks and and increase increase the the quality quality of of life life in in surrounding surrounding areas areas Well Well known known example example of of congestion congestion charging charging schemes schemes have have been been successfully successfully implemented in London, Stockholm and Singapore implemented in London, Stockholm and Singapore But But ITS ITS is is not not only only aa tool tool for for infrastructure infrastructure suppliers suppliers Fleet Fleet management management systems, systems, allowing companies to track and follow their vehicles and manage the allowing companies to track and follow their vehicles and manage the logistics logistics chain chain more more efficiently, efficiently, have have their their impact impact on on the the demand-side demand-side 3 LISTENING Watch and listen to a video and fill in the blanks with suitable word(s) identify direction maps parking search congestion driver safer real time intelligent traffic system Your future vehicle will be equipped with an intel-atom processor to perform many tasks simultaneously such as improving navigation, communication, and passenger entertainment, or while enabling (1) and more efficient travel Your car will be available to connect to a variety of wireless standard, to the to internet, to (2) and even to other vehicles Imagine downloading music, movie and TV show from a cloud Want direction? Just ask, you’ll get rounding information complete with rich visible (3) and satellite images When the fuel level or the battery power start to get low, your vehicle will automatically (4) for fuel or recharging station providing (5) to those with the lowest prices Inside, camera could recognize (6) and passengers and adapt seating, navigation and entertainment preferences to match Outside, sensor will detect link departure, sense and response to potential danger such as not slowing down for an upcoming stop zone and continually (7) objects in front of, beside or behind you to avoid collision, assistant (8) , or allow your cruise control to adapt speed to maintain safe distance from the car in front of you For example, safety camera will identify (9) or accident, or automatically alert an emergency personnel Intelligent traffic light will become more provident and smarter than today, detecting (10) traffic flow from each direction and other automatically changes circle to improve the traffic flow 4 WRITING Write a paragraph (200 words) to describe benefits of ITS Useful expressions: In my opinion, I believe/agree that Although/ Though Similarly First/ Second/…/ Finally For example/ In fact Since/ Because/ Therefore For the reason above In conclusion Obviously