ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP TIẾNG ANH 10 – SÁCH GIÁO KHOA MỚI NĂM HỌC 2015 – 2016 -*********** UNIT 6: GENDER EQUALITY A NỘI DUNG CẦN GHI NHỚ: I II Vocabulary: - opportunity (n) - equal (adj) >< unequal (adj) – equality (n) >< inequality (n) - discrimination (n) – discriminate (v) + against sb/in favour of sb - eliminate (v) – elimination (n) - enrol (v) – enrolment (n) - force (v) - promote (v) – promotion (n) - pursue (v) - prefer (v) – preference (n) - limit(v) – limitation(n) - loneliness (n) – lonely (adj) – alone (adv) - care-giver (n) - decision-maker (n) - bread-winner (n) - trouble-maker (n) - exhausted (adj) - wage (n) - income (n) - address (v) - qualified (adj) - property(n) - negative(adj) – negatively (adv) - domestic (adj) - responsible (adj) – responsibility (n) - knowledgeable (adj) - budget (n) - satisfy (v) – satisfactory (adj) – satisfaction (n) - mature (v)/(adj) - effectively (adv) - domestic violence (n) - experience (n)/(v) - challenge (n) - workforce (n) Phrasal verbs/ structures: - to get rid of - to be partial towards sb/sth: thiên vị ai/cái = to favour sb - to prevent sb from… - to sue sb for sth - to be dependent on - to spend time/money +V-ing/on sth to encourage sb to V sth to set good example for sb to concentrate on sth/V-ing sth to participate in = to take part in to make considerable progress in sth to offer sb equal/unequal access to sth to make effort to V sth to provide sb with sth III Pronunciation: - Many two-syllable nouns and adjectives have stress on the first syllable For example, nouns: artist, driver, brother, sister, women and children; adjectives: friendly, famous, lovely, harmful and useless - Some exceptions: asleep, alone, hotel, guitar, mistake and machine (These adjectives and nouns have stress on the second syllable.) - Many two-syllable verbs have stress on the second syllable For example, remove, dislike, become, escape, forget, relax and enjoy - Some exceptions: cancel, copy, answer, enter, offer, listen, happen and open (These verbs have stress on the first syllable.) IV Grammar: The usage of modal verbs: Modals can, could should, ought to must can, could, may may, might, can, could can't, mustn't, may not Functions Ability advice or duty Duty permission possibility prohibition Examples I can't work as hard as she does Boys should / ought to housework We should / ought to meet more often Students must their homework You can have a day off if you're tired May I go out? We can / could / may / might / go out for dinner tonight She can't go out in such cold weather You mustn't cheat in the exams You may not wear slippers to school Would you mind if I sat here? Will you please take a message? may, will, Request would Passive voice with Modal Verbs: Active: S + Modal Verb + V + O … Passive: S + Modal Verb + be + V(II) + … (by O) Ex: She can speak English to the foreigners  English can be spoken to the foreigners (by her) B BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP: I Phonetic: Choose the word which has difference stress pattern: A prepare A equal A gender B repeat B agree B teacher C purpose C allow C theatre D police D enrol D promote A attend B percent C option D become A impress B favour C arrive D affect II Vocabulary and expressions Exercise Give the correct form of the given words to complete the following sentences: I think this is an way to help people in remote area and mountainous areas to read and write (AFFECT) effective The teacher gave a clear _of the rules of the competition (EXPLAIN) explanation He is very _ about the history of Vietnam (KNOW) knowledgeable It is a good car, but it has its _(LIMIT) limitation Your money will be refunded if the goods are not your complete (SATISFY) satisfaction Both parents should work to support their family and share domestic _ (RESPONSIBLE) responsibility The women in the old society used to face _ and domestic violence (LONELY) loneliness It is likely that there will be no gender _ in education (DISCRIMINATE) discrimination She was aware of gender in favour of men in her company (PREFER) preference 10 UK has made a remarkable progress in gender _.(EQUAL) equality Exercise Rewrite the following sentences using the given words: She always favours the boys in her neighbourhood (PARTIAL) -> She is always partial towards the boys in her neighbourhood She can’t take up her studying abroad because of her mother’s opposition (PREVENTS) -> Her mother’s opposition prevents her taking up her studying abroad Gender discrimination should be eliminated everywhere in the world (RID) -> People should get rid of gender discrimination everywhere in the world Daisy always tries her best to pass the exams at school (EFFORT) -> Daisy always makes a great effort to pass the exams at school They supply enough food and drinks for the children in that house every week (PROVIDE) -> They provide the children in that house with enough food and drinks every week III Grammar: Exercise Change the following sentences into the passive voice: You may forget the rules quickly You should study the lessons repeatedly Benjamin must win the competition They should cancel the game People can find some interesting animals in the zoo They can’t build a new house at this location We can’t drive this old car safely any more You should eat a hamburger with your hands – not a fork You must put this glass vase in a safe place 10 Can just one person move that heavy chair? Exercise Change the following sentences into the passive voice: Someone stole my bag in the store People don’t use this road very often They have changed the date of the meeting Kelly can’t use this office right now My father painted this room since I was small The workers are building a new road to my village You should learn all the grammar rules She has cleaned the floors They will rebuild this rest room next month 10 Karen is going to send the catalogue by air IV Reading: Exercise Fill in each blank with one word in A, B, C or D to complete the passage: Women nowadays have more (1) _ than those in the past For example, our grandmothers were not allowed to go to school or to work to earn their own living (2) , they had to depend on their husbands financially Modern women, on the contrary, can get good education, have their own careers, and (3) their interests They can even take good positions in politics if they are competent (4) it However, women living in our modern society have their (5) , too Today’s women work harder than their great grandmothers so that they can gain the (6) _ between working life and family life Many people predict that by 2032, most (7) _ positions at work will be taken by women Then, it is possible that women will have more (8) life because (9) _ in a very modern society, the women can’t (10) _ their role in the family A advances B advantages C benefits D conveniences A Therefore B However C As a result D Although A pursue B support C promote D stimulate A to B at C with D of A obstacles B disputes C profits D problems A equality B stables C balance D steadiness A senior B junior C worst D best A sheltered B healthy C strenuous D active A though B even C ever D never 10 A perform B adopt C fulfil D neglect Exercise Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answers: It is always thought that women are the second class in citizen, and men are the first There is not real equality of opportunity for men and women Years ago, people were living in a mandominated society Women had to obey their husbands and fathers absolutely Women’s place was in the kitchen and women’s work was housework In many places, women were not even allowed to go to school Women had no rights, even the right to choose a husband for themselves Men usually occupied high positions in society so they thought they were intelligent and important than women Men considered women their property Sometimes, women were mistreated by their husbands and suffered this as a fate Many parents did not even want to have female children Thanks to the women’s liberation movement, women have nowadays proved that they are equal to men on every aspect An average woman has weaker muscles than an average man but she may be as intelligent as him Women can everything that men can, and women can one thing that no man can; they produce children In a man-dominated society, _ A women were the first class B women has no rights C women were respected by men D women got a good education Years ago, women’s place was _ A in the Parliament House B in the Congress C in the Town Hall D in the kitchen In a man-dominated society, men considered women their _ A property B queen C great love D angle In a man-dominated society, A all parents expected to have daughters B most parents liked girl babies C most parents did not want to have daughters D most parents did not like sons Nowadays, women have proved that they are _ men A more intelligent than B more important than C stronger than D equal to Exercise Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers: Women’s rights leaders from around the world met at the office of the United Nations to discuss new ways to prevent violence against women and girls In the conference, they approved a plan of action to improve the lives of women all over the world They discussed some problems such as women’s health, efforts to help poor women, sex education and human rights The delegates also promised some efforts to help women gain economic and political power A recent study by United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) says in Rwanda girls are often mistreated The girls questioned in the study said that no one would help them and punish the people that hurt them Several women face widespread torture and murder and the government does little to help them What did the women’s rights leaders from around the world discuss? A Women health B Efforts to help poor women C Sex education and human rights D All are correct What did the delegates promise? A To help women gain economic and political power B To stop violence against women and girls immediately C To nothing to help women D To consider women the second class In Rwanda _ A boys are often mistreated B girls are often mistreated C parents only expect girl babies D girls are well-bred According to the girls questioned in the study _ A everybody was willing to help them B the people who hurt them were punished C nobody helped them and the people who hurt them were not punished D they were protected by the government The government the women A does little to help B tries to help C protects D punishes V Writing: Write a paragraph (120-140 words) to answer each question below: In your opinion, should women stay at home to take care of their husband and children? Are women in your country treated equally? UNIT CULTURAL DIVERSITY A NỘI DUNG CẦN GHI NHỚ: I II Vocabulary: - culture (n) – cultural (adj) - diversity (n) - proposal ceremony (n) - engagement ceremony (n) - reception (n) - complicated (adj) - expense (n) – expensive (adj) - bride (n) - bridesmaid (n) - groom (n) - groomsman (n) - superstitious (adj) – superstition (n) - favourable (adj) - altar (n) - ritual (n) - funeral (n) - ancestor (n) - originate (v) - prestigious (adj) - fortune (n) - prosperity (n) – prosperous (adj) - table manner (n) - approve (v) – approval (n) >< disapproval (n) - newly-wed (n) - background (n) - characteristic (n) - prestige (n) – prestigious (adj) - individual (adj)/(n) – individuality (n) - practical (adj) - legal (adj) >< illegal (adj) - symbolize(v) – symbol (n) - present (v) – present (n) - self-reliance (n) – rely (v) – reliable (adj) – reliance (n) - embarrass (v) – embarrassed (adj) – embarrassment (n) Phrasal verbs/ structures: - to waste money on sth - III IV no matter what… to play an important part in… to have influence on … to place great value on… to provide sb with sth to object to sb/sth/V-ing sth to involve in… to be / get engaged to sb to be/ get married to sb to propose to sb: to ask sb to marry you to arrange / plan a wedding to make a toast to the bride and groom Pronunciation: - The change of stress pattern of a two-syllable word Ex: pre`sent (v): tặng quà, đưa  `present (n): quà Grammar: Comparison: (Revision) Equality (So sánh bằng) S + V + as + adj/adv + as + N/pronoun S + V + not + so/as + adj/adv + N/Pronoun Ex: - She is as stupid as I/me - This boy is as tall as that one - Population of Ho Chi Minh city isn't as much as that of Bangkok (Không lặp lại từ dùng chủ ngữ, thay đại từ one, that) Comparatives and superlatives a Comparative (So sánh hơn) Short adj/adv: S + V + adj/adv + er + than + N/pronoun Long adj/adv: S + V + more + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun So sánh kém/ hơn: S + V + less + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun.(không phân biệt tính từ/trạng từ ngắn dài) Ex: - She is taller than I/me - This boy is more intelligent than that one - My close friend is less studious than me b Superlative (So sánh nhất) Short adj/adv: S + V + the + adj/adv + est + (N/pronoun) Long adj/adv: S + V + the most + adj/adv + (N/pronoun) So sánh ít/kém nhất: S + V + the least + adj/adv + (N/pronoun).(không phân biệt tính từ/trạng từ ngắn dài) Ex: - She is the tallest girl in the village – She is the tallest in the village - He is the most gallant boy in his class – This boy is the most gallant in his class - Tom is the least active boy in our neighbourhood Chú ý: - Những tính từ ngắn kết thúc phụ âm mà trước nguyên âm nhân đôi phụ âm lên thêm "-er" so sánh "est" so sánh nhất.(ex:hot > hotter/the hottest) - Những tính từ có hai âm tiết kết thúc chữ "-y" đổi "y" thành "i" thêm "-er" so sánh "-est" so sánh (ex: happy >happier/the happiest) - Những tính từ/trạng từ có hai âm tiết kết thúc "-le","-et","-ow","-er" xem tính từ ngắn (gentle, narrow, clever, quiet  gentler/the gentlest) - Các tính từ so sánh bất quy tắc o good  better/the best o bad  worse/the worst o many(much)  more/the most o little  less/the least o far  farther(further)/the farthest(the furthest) Articles: A/an – The a Cách dùng mạo từ bất định “a/an” Dùng “an” trước danh từ bắt đầu nguyên âm: e, a, i, u, o Dùng a/an trường hợp sau:  Trước vật, việc kể đến lần I live in a house near a shop She has two children: a son and a daughter  Chỉ nghề nghiệp: I’m a student My brother is an architect  Trong cụm từ/ từ lượng: a pair of/ a little/ a few/…  Dùng câu cảm thán: what a + noun What a beautiful flower! What a great party! b Cách dùng mạo từ xác định “the” Dùng “the” trường hợp sau:  Sự vật, việc kể đến lần thứ hai I live in a house The house is very nice       She has two children: a son and a daughter The son is a pupil The daughter is very small Chỉ yếu tố nhất: the sun, the moon, the earth, the sea… Đi với tính từ: The rich: người giầu The poor: người nghèo Trước từ biển, sông, khách sạn, quán bar, tên ban nhạc, tên dãy núi, tên nhạc cụ… Ex: the Nile, the Huong Giang hotel, the Mekong river, the Himalaya, the westlife, the Backstreetboy, the violin, the guitar… Chỉ quốc tịch: the Vietnamese, the Chinese…… Trước tên tập hợp nhiều bang, nhiều nước: the Asian , the United Nations, the United States… Trước danh từ, với điều kiện danh từ xác định cụm từ mệnh đề The girl in uniform (Cô gái mặc đồng phục) The mechanic that I met (Người thợ máy mà gặp) The place where I waited for him (Nơi mà đợi anh ta)  Trước so sánh cao nhất, trước first (thứ nhất), second (thứ nhì), only (duy nhất) từ dùng tính từ hay đại từ  The + họ (ở số nhiều) nghĩa Gia đình Ex:The Smiths = Gia đình Smith (vợ chồng Smith con) c Các trường hợp không dùng “the”  Trước danh từ đếm được, danh từ không đếm nói chung Books are good friends Milk is good for you  Trước tên quốc gia, tên châu lục, tiểu bang, thành phố, quận huyện, tên núi, tên hồ, tên đường Europe , South America , France, Downing Street, Mount Everest  Trước danh từ trừu tượng, danh từ trường hợp cá biệt Ex: Men fear death - Nhưng: The death of the president was unknown  Trước tên gọi bữa ăn: dinner, breakfast, lunch : The wedding breakfast was held in a beautiful garden  Trước tên trường có tên riêngVD: Nguyen Hue high school  Trước danh từ với số đếm: Ex: Chapter one, World War two     Trước tên môn thể thao Football, basketball, tennis Trước tên ngày lễ tết Christmas, Autumn Festival, Tet Trước tên môn học nói chung: mathematics, literature Trước tên loại hình âm nhạc: jazz, classical music B BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP: I Phonetic: Choose the word which has difference stress pattern: A wedding A expense A affect A asleep A knowledge B engage B success B woman B custom B married C happy C ritual C approve C culture C bridesmaid D party D believe D depend D manner D exchange II Vocabulary and expressions: Exercise Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences: There is a wedding _ for all the guests after the wedding ceremony A proposal B reception C anniversary D celebration A is the person who keeps the bride calm, help her ready and looks after her dress A groom B bridegroom C bridesmaid D groomsman As a country with many mysteries and legends, Vietnam has kept various beliefs about daily activities A superstition B superstitious C superstitive D superstitiously I see a lot of _ between Vietnamese and British cultures A similar B similarly C similarity D similarities Jack and Rose need the _ of their parents before holding a wedding ceremony A approve B approving C approval D approvable Exercise Give the correct form of the given words to complete the following sentences: Susan believes in ghosts and the world for the dead She is so _ (SUPERSTITION) superstitious Their of the plan caused the experiment to be abandoned (APPROVE) approval He is so _ that he had an accident (CARE) careless Many women nowadays often seek financial _by going out to work (DEPEND) independence All the guests got dressed in _ costume (NATION) national Boys and girls may behave _ in this situation (DIFFERENCE) differently The 23rd mascot eagle is the _ of elegance, strength and pride (SYMBOLIZE) symbol Claulfied claimed they had _ against him because of his nationality (DISCRIMINATION) discriminated There is no evidence of his direct in the bombing (INVOLVE) involvement 10 The exact origin of the universe remains a (MYSTERIOUS) mystery Exercise Rewrite the following sentences using the given words: Whatever he says, nobody believes him  No matter _what he says, nobody believes him I dislike it when people criticize me unfairly  I object to being criticized unfairly The hotel gives you everything except a toothbrush  The hotel provides you with everything except a toothbrush They were unable to finish their game of tennis because of a heavy shower  A heavy shower prevented them from finishing their game of tennis Women are responsible for taking care of the children  Women are responsible for looking after the children III Grammar: Exercise Complete the sentences with the comparative and superlative of the adjectives in brackets A cut is _ (painful) than an insect bite The weather this summer is even (bad) than last summer + MĐQH xác định (defining relative clauses): nhằm đưa thông tin thiết yếu để giải thích, giải nghĩa, làm rõ cho người hay vật nói đến câu; phần tách rời câu Do đó, chúng không bị tách khỏi phần khác câu E.g.: - An elephant is an animal that lives in hot countries Đại từ quan hệ “that” thay cho “who, whom, which” MĐQH xác định Tuy nhiên, MĐQH không xác định ta dùng that E.g.: - I don’t use the desktop which/that my parents bought me five years ago - My tablet, which (that) is two years old, still works quite well Có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ who, whom, which, that tân ngữ MĐQH xác định E.g.: - The book which you gave me on my birthday is very interesting O S V B BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP I Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences A pilot is a person ………… flies a plane A who B he C which D whom The boy ………… eyes are brown is my friend A which B whose C whom D who The house, ………… he bought in 2000, is being repaired at the moment A where B that C which D what He arrived late, ………… was annoying A it B that C what D which Yesterday I met your brother, ………… had taken us to the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York before A that B who C whose D whom Tears contain an antiseptic ………… helps protect our eyes from infection A that B what C how D where Mr Brown is the landlord ………… we rent the house A who B from whom C whom D whose The United States consists of fifty states, ………… has its own government A they each B hence each C each of which D each of that We are talking about the writer ………… latest book is one of the best-sellers this year A who B whose C which D whom 10 The factory in ………… John works is the biggest in the town A where B which C that D when II Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting After the police had tried unsuccessfully to determine to who the car belonged, they towed it A B C D into the station The woman of whom the red car is parked in front of the bank is a famous pop star A B C D Today the number of people whom enjoy winter sports is almost double that of 20 years ago A B C D The old woman cannot remember the place which she kept her savings A B C D Bacteria lived in the soil play a vital role in recycling the carbon and nitrogen needed by plants A B C D Peter is the boy whom I think scored the winning points for the basketball team A B C D The people about who the novelist wrote were factory workers and their families A B C D Most of the guests turned up two hours early, that took us by surprise A B C D I enjoyed talking to the people whom I had dinner with them last night A B C D 10 The hotel where we stayed in it for a week was very comfortable A B C D 11 The waiter whom served us yesterday was polite and friendly A B C D 12 This class is only for people who’s first language is not Chinese A B C D 13 This is the boy who sister studied with me in high school A B C D 14 He is moving to Lang Son city, that is in the north-east of Viet Nam A B C D 15 The girl is standing over there is from Australia A B C D III Rewrite the sentences, using relative clauses Most of the people speak German They live in Australia → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… The bus isn’t running today It goes to Oxford →………………………………………………………………………………………………… I don’t like the man He is going out with my sister →………………………………………………………………………………………………… Michelangelo is one of Italy’s greatest artists He lived until he was 90 → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mary was staying with her friend He has a big house in Scotland →………………………………………………………………………………………………… The person asked me some very difficult questions He interviewed me → ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Charlie Chaplin became a very rich man He was from a poor family →………………………………………………………………………………………………… The 1992 Olympics were held in Barcelona It is in the north-east of Spain →………………………………………………………………………………………………… The music sounds really interesting You are listening to it → ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I’m waiting for the bus I go to work on it → ……………………………………………………………………………………………… IV Underline any relative pronouns that can be left out in these sentences I think that my boss is the person whom I admire most We are taking the train that leaves at 6.00 Have you seen the book that I left here on the desk? My radio, which isn’t very old, has suddenly stopped working Last week I ran into an old friend whom I hadn’t seen for ages The couple who met me at the station took me out to dinner The bag in which the robbers put the money was found later I really like the tea which you made me this morning He just said anything which came into his head 10 Yesterday was the hottest day that I can remember V Choose the best answer: John Murray is the man He owns the Grand Hotel A John Murray is the man owns the Grand Hotel B John Murray is the man whom owns the Grand Hotel C John Murray is the man, that owns the Grand Hotel D John Murray is the man who owns the Grand Hotel This is the sweater I bought it on Saturday A This is the sweater which I bought it on Saturday B This is the sweater I bought on Saturday C This is the sweater, that I bought it on Saturday D A & B You are playing some music, and it sounded familiar A The music, you were playing, sounded familiar B The music you were playing sounded familiar C The music sounded familiar which you were playing D The music with which you were playing sounded familiar We were looking at some jewelry, but it was expensive A The jewelry which we were looking at was expensive B The jewelry we were looking at was expensive C The jewelry looking at was expensive D A & B He/ not allow/ us/ go out/ boat/ yesterday/ as/ strong wind/ blow// A He didn't allow us to go out in the boat yesterday as strong wind blows B He didn't allow us to go out on the boat yesterday as strong wind blows C He didn't allow us to go out on the boat yesterday as strong wind was blowing D He didn't allow us to go out on the boat yesterday as strong wind had blown I/ regret/ inform/ you/ not approved/ the loan// A I regret informing that you have not been approved for the loan B I regret to inform you that you have not been approved for the loan C I regret to inform that you have not approved for the loan D I regret to inform you that you wasn't approved for the loan VI Write all the pronouns possible to complete each sentence Write Ø if the sentence is correct without adding a pronoun We talk about the party …which/that/ Ø …… Sarah wants to organise for my birthday To get to Frank's house, take the main road …which/that bypasses the village The paintings which/that/ Ø Mr Flowers has in his house are worth around £100,000 Mrs Richmond, ……who……… is 42, has three children, Don is a friend whom/that/ Ø I stayed with in Australia She was probably the hardest working student ……that/ Ø ……… I've ever taught Stevenson is an architect who designs have won international praise The Roman coins, .which a local farmer came across in a field, are now displayed in the National Museum Dorothy said something that./ Ø I couldn't hear clearly 10 There was a little ……that/ Ø ……… we could to help her 11 He received a low mark for his essay, ………which…… was only one page long 12 We need to learn from companies whose trading is more healthy than our own 13 Professor Johnson, whom I have long admired, is visiting the University next week 14 The man .whom/that./ Ø I introduced to you last night may be the next president of the university 15 These walls are all that remain of the city VI Reading: Read the passage and choose correct answer: Education is not an end, but a means to an end In other words, we not educate children only for the purpose of educating them Our purpose is to fit them for life In some modern countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all – whether rich or poor, clever or stupid - one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a larger number of people with university degree; they refuse to what they think "low" work; and, in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor; we can live without education, but we die if we have no food If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our house, we should get terrible diseases in our towns In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can whatever work suited to our brains and ability and, secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that is very bad to be ashamed of one's work Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society The writer of the passage thinks that A education can settle most of the world's problems B free education for all probably leads to a perfect world C free education won't help to solve social problems D all the social problems can't be solved by education The writer wants to prove that A our society needs all kinds of jobs B our society needs free education for all C a farmer is more important than a professor D people with high education refuse to what they think "low" work According to the passage A work with hands is dirty and shameful B work with hands is low work C work with hands is the most important D we can't regard work with hands as low work The purpose of education is A to choose a system of education B to prepare children mainly for their future work C to let everyone receive education fit for him D to build a perfect world The passage tells us about …………… of education A the means B the system C the value D the type VIII Writing: Write a short text to answer each of the following questions: If you are given a computer, what will you with it? Do you support the idea that students at school age can use cell phones freely? UNIT 9: PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT A KIẾN THỨC CẦN GHI NHỚ I Vocabulary aquatic (adj) article (n) chemical (n) confuse (v) confusion (n) consumption (n) contaminate (v) damage (v) deforestation (n) 10 degraded (adj) 11 deplete (v) 12 depletion (n) 13 destruction (n) 14 ecosystem (n) 15 editor (n) 16 fertilizer (n) 17 fossil fuel (np) 18 global warming (np) 19 greenhouse effect (n) 20 influence (v) 21 inorganic (adj) >< organic (adj) 22 long-term (adj) >< short-term (adj) 23 mass-media 24 polar ice melting 25 pollutant (n) 26 pollute (v) 27 pollution (n) 28 preservation (n) 29 preserve (v) 30 protect (v) 31 protection (n) 32 sewage (n) 33.solution (n) 34 vegetation (n) II Phrasal Verbs / Structures confuse sb/sth: làm cho rối trí, khiến cho gì, việc trở nên khó hiểu E.g.: - You’re confusing him! Tell him slowly confuse sb with sb: nhầm với E.g.: - You’re confusing me with my sister – she’s the singer III Pronunciation: three-syllable nouns - Âm tiết đứng trước –tion –sion thường nhấn E.g.: pollution, solution, protection, confusion, depletion, … IV Grammar: Reported Speech (Câu gián tiếp) - Ta sử dụng câu gián tiếp để thuật lại người khác nói - Các đại từ nhân xưng (I, you, we, they, he, she, it), đại từ phản thân (myself, yourself, v.v ) tính từ/đại từ sở hữu (my, mine, your, yours, v.v ) câu gián tiếp thay đổi so với câu trực tiếp tùy theo văn cảnh E.g.: - Mr Nam said to Hoa, “You take your book out and show it to me.” => Mr Nam said to Hoa that she took her book out and showed it to him - Thời gian, địa điểm từ định thay đổi cho phù hợp Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp now then / at that time an hour ago an hour before / an hour earlier today that day yesterday the day before / the previous day tomorrow the next day / the following day this (week) that (week) these (days) those (days) last year the year before / the previous year next month the month after / the following month here, there There - Khi động từ tường thuật (say, tell, ask, v.v ) khứ, động từ câu gián tiếp phải lùi khứ so với câu trực tiếp Câu trực tiếp Hiện đơn Hiện tiếp diễn Hiện hoàn thành Hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ đơn Tương lai đơn Các động từ tình thái Câu gián tiếp Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành Tương lai khứ Dạng khứ động từ tình thái - Ta lùi động từ câu gián tiếp trường hợp sau: - + Động từ tường thuật + Câu trực tiếp thì: Quá khứ tiếp diễn, Quá khứ hoàn thành QKHTTD + Khi câu trực tiếp động từ tình thái: could, should, would, might, ought to, had to, used to Lưu ý cách trần thuật câu hỏi: + Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi (WH-Questions): ask + O + WH-word + S + V E.g.: - She asked, “What is his job?” => She asked what his job was + Câu hỏi có/không (Yes/No-Questions)” ask + O + if/whether + S + V E.g.: - She asked, “Are you a teacher?” => She asked me if/whether I was a teacher B BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP I Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern: A treasure A belongings B purpose B dedicate C structure C impressive D suggest D construction A discover B victory C tournament D popular A surpass B proposal C wonders D approximate A wonder B believe C prepare D transporting A campground B include C market D common A emotion B average C bricklaying D lyrical A pollution B compose C atmosphere D confusion A waterfall B wilderness C swimming D undertake A improve B leisure C guitar D pursuit II Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences I wondered ………… the right thing A whether I was doing B if I am doing C was I doing D am I doing He ………… that he was leaving that afternoon A told me B told to me C said me D says to me Bill asked Tom ………… in London A does the train arrive B did the train arrive C whether the train arrives D if the train had arrived I asked them when ………… changed A was the timetable B the timetable is C the timetable has been D the timetable had been She warned me ………… late-night horror films A don’t watch B shouldn’t watch C not to watch D not watching They asked me how many children ………… in the school A there are B are there C there were D were there The scientist said the earth ………… the sun A goes around B is going around C had gone around D was going around My parents reminded me ………… the flowers A remember to plant B to plant C of planting D not to forget to plant They said they had come back ………… A yesterday afternoon B the day before C last week D the day before yesterday 10 He asked me ………… a seat A have I reserved B if I have reserved C whether had I reserved D if I had reserved 11 He asked me why ………… to the meeting A didn’t I come B don’t I come C you didn’t come D I hadn’t come 12 She reminded me to come on time for the party ………… A tomorrow evening B the day after tomorrow C in two days’ time D next weekend 13 Peter said that if he ………… rich he ………… a lot A is – will travel B were – would travel C had been – would have travelled D was – will travel 14 I asked him whose car ………… the previous night A he had borrowed B had he borrowed C he borrowed D did he borrow 15 They asked me ………… in London then A is my brother working B if my brother is working C was my brother working D if my brother was working 16 He asked the children ………… too much noise A not to make B not making C don’t make D if they don’t make 17 The woman asked ………… get lunch at school or not A can the children B whether the children could C even if the children could D could the children 18 Laura said that when she ………… to school she had seen an accident A was walking B has walked 19 Julia said that she ………… there at noon A is going to be B was going to be C had been walking D has been walking C will be D can be III Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences: Non-renewable energy sources are running A up B on C to D out Solar energy, air and water are _ resources because there is unlimited supply A limited B renewable C available D non-renewable People have used coal and oil to electricity for a long time A generation B generated C generate D generates Coal and oil are non-renewable sources A engineer B energy C engineering D energetic The area is roped off because the water is seriously polluted A contaminated B disappeared C purified D endangered Oil, coal and natural gas are fuels made from decayed material A unleaded B smokeless C solid D fossil All fossil fuels are resources that cannot be replaced after use A unlimited B renewable C available D non-renewable We should develop such sources of energy as solar energy and nuclear energy A tradition B alternative C revolutionary D surprising Increased consumption will lead to faster of our natural resources A exhaust B exhausting C exhaustion D exhaustive 10 Many organizations have been set up and funds have been raised A established B collapsed C delayed D decreased 11 Many national parks have been established to protect animals A endanger B endangered C danger D dangerous 12 Many rare of animals are in danger of extinction A species B classes C being D pairs 13 Dinosaurs became millions of years ago A disappear B extinct C last D endangered 14 The sun releases a large of energy every day A amount B amounts C number D numbers 15 Solar energy is not only plentiful clean and safe A but also B and C but D as well 16 Water energy is used to create electricity A produce B design C operate D heat 17 Alice: “ What shall we this evening?” - Carol: “ ” A Let’s go out for dinner B No problem C Oh, that’s good! D I went out for dinner 18 “How about driving to the countryside this Sunday?” – “ “ A That’s a good idea B That’s my pleasure C Never mind D Yes, I’m driving 19 Discharging chemical pollutants into the environment is a cruel action to the environment as well as the future generation A Releasing B Filling C Making D Adding 20 It’s important for the developed countries to reduce energy as much as possible A exhaustion B destruction C consumption D waste IV Rewrite the following sentences using reported speech: She said, "I went to the cinema yesterday." …………………………………………………………………………………………… He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow." …………………………………………………………………………………………… You said, "I will this for him." …………………………………………………………………………………………… She said, "I am not hungry now." …………………………………………………………………………………………… They said, "We have never been here before." …………………………………………………………………………………………… They said, "We were in London last week." …………………………………………………………………………………………… He said, "I will have finished this paper by tomorrow." …………………………………………………………………………………………… “I will apply for my visa tomorrow,” She said …………………………………………………………………………………………… "I saw María in the supermarket yesterday," said Carlos …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 "We've lived here for three years," he said …………………………………………………………………………………………… V Rewrite the following sentences using reported speech: She said, "Go upstairs." → She told me "Close the door behind you," he told me → He told me "Don’t be late," he advised us → He advised us "Stop staring at me," she said → She told him "Don`t be angry with me," he said → He asked her "Leave me alone," she said → She told me 7."Don’t drink and drive," she warned us → She warned us 8."John, stop making noise,” John’s mother ordered 9."Don`t worry about us," they said → They told her 10."Meet me at the cinema." he said → He asked me VI Reading: Read the passage and choose the best answer: In Southeast Asian, many forests have been cut down to produce timber and to clear land for farms and industries The destruction of forests has reduced the living space of wildlife Much of Asian’s wildlife is also threatened by over-hunting Many people kill animals for food or hunt them to sell to zoo, medical research, and pet trader Because of habitat destruction and over-hunting, many large Asian animals, including elephants, rhinoceroses, and tigers, have become endangered In China, people have cut down most of the forests for wood, which has caused serious soil erosion The soil is deposited in rivers and streams, which lowers the quality of the water The Huang He, or Yellow River, is so named because the light-coloured soil gives the water a yellowish colour The soil has also raised the riverbed As a result, the Huang He often floods, causing great property damage and loss of life along its banks The living space of wildlife in Southeast Asia _ A- is a threat to farmers B- is near farms and industries C- has been reduced when forests are cut down D- is rebuilt when people destroy forests The word over-hunting has the closest meaning to A- hunting too much B- hunting in the highlands C- hunting overseas D- hunting for wildlife Rhinoceroses and elephants are mentioned as an example of _ A- endangered animals in Asia B- large animals kept in zoos C- animals attracted to medical research D- animals traders want to have The Huang He A- is a deep river in China B- receives soil which betters the quality of water C- has its name from the colour of its water D- runs between forests The Huang He often floods because A- of the low quality of the quality B- wood is deposited in rivers C- water from many streams flows into it D- the river is shallow due to the raised riverbed VII Reading: Read the passage and choose the best answer: We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of waste land all over the world As a result, farmers in parts of Africa can’t grow enough to eat In certain countries in Asia there is too little rice Moreover, we not take enough care of the countryside Wild animals are quickly disappearing For instance, tigers are rare in India now because we have killed too many for them to survive However, it isn’t simply enough to talk about the problem We must act now before it is too late to anything about it Join us now to save the earth This is too important to ignore Since so many trees are cut down,……………………… A there is too little rice in Asia B tigers are rare C there are vast parts of wasteland D wild animals are quickly disappearing Farmers in parts of Africa……………………… A kill so many tigers B talk much about the problem C save the earth D can’t plant enough to eat Tigers in India are rare because………………………… A they don’t eat enough B we ignore them C many of them are killed D we act According to the reading, we must………………………… A survive now B act now to save the earth C cut down trees D talk about the problem Tigers are classified as……………………………… A rice B farmers C wild animals D trees VIII Writing: Write a short text to answer each of the following questions: Our environment is being threatened seriously What can you now to save it? The number of people catching serious diseases is increasing continuously In your opinion, what are its reasons? UNIT 10: ECOTOURISM A NỘI DUNG CẦN GHI NHỚ: I Vocabulary: - Adapt (v) - Adaptation (n) - Culture (n)- Cultural (a) - Conserve (v)- conservation (n) - Destination (n) - Discharge (v) - Ecology (n)- ecological (a) Ecotourism (n) Eco- friendly (a) - Environment (n)- Environmental (a) – environmentalist (n) - Extinct (a) Become extinct Extinction (n) In danger of extinction / Be threatened with extinction On the verge of extinction/ Be driven to the verge of extinction - Fauna (n) - Flora (n) - Impact (n) - Nature (n)- Natural (a) - Potential for st - Preserve (v)- Preservation (n) - Relax (v)- Relaxation (n) - Scuba- diving (n) - Sustain (v)- Sustainable (a)- sustainability (n) - Safari (n) - Wildlife (n) II Phrasal verbs/ structures: - Think about sb/st - That sounds good/ interesting - Thank for st - Be (un)aware of st - … III Pronunciation: Stress on words of more than three- syllables IV Grammar: Conditional sentence type - Use: câu điều kiện loại gọi câu điều kiện có thực Điều kiện xảy tương lai - Form: If + S + V (hiện đơn ) , S + Will(can,may) + V (nguyên mẫu) - Ex: If it is sunny ,I will go fishing Note: Unless = If not ( Trừ khi) If he doesn’t come, I will bring this package to him  Unless he comes, I will bring this package to him Conditional sentence type - Use : câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả hành động thật - Form : If + S + V(quá khứ đơn ) , S +Would (could , might ) + V( nguyên mẫu) - Ex: If I knew his telephone number, I would give it to you Note : Động từ mệnh đề điều kiện động từ tobe ta dùng were cho tất chủ ngữ Ex If I were you , I would go abroard Inversion of the conditional sentence type 1,2 * Inversion of Type SHOULD + S + VINFINITIVE, S + WILL + VINFINITIVE EX: If you should run into Peter, tell him to call me  Should you run into Peter, tell him to call me * Inversion of type WERE + S + (TO + VINFINITIVE), S + WOULD + VINFINITIVE If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book Ex: If I were rich, I would help you  Were I rich, I would help you If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book  Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book B BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP: I Phonetic: Choose the word which has difference stress pattern: A adaptation B destination C relaxation D television A ecology B sustainable C environment D ecotourism A preservation B potential C safari D extinction A contribution B appropriate C opportunity D anniversary A mathematics B biology C experiment D philosophy II Vocabulary: Exercise Give the correct form of the given words to complete the following sentences: Many species of plants and animals are in danger of/threatened with _ (EXTINCT) extinction The destruction of the rain forests is an ecological_ disaster (ECOLOGY) The nationalists are very keen to _ their customs and language (CONSERVATION) conserve A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting _ development in all countries (SUSTAIN) sustainable Each country has its own _ identity, which is very different from that of other countries (CULTURE) cultural _environmentalists are making great efforts to help save the giant panda from becoming extinction (ENVIRONMENT) People say that breast-feeding is better than bottle-feeding because it's more _ (NATURE) natural Yoga is one of his favourite relaxation _ (RELAX) Evolution occurs as a result of adaptation to new environments (ADAPT) 10 _ecotourism is the business of organizing holidays to places that people not usually visit in a way which does not damage the environment (TOURISM) III Grammar: Exercise Put the verbs in the correct tense If you drove more carefully, you (not, have) …………………so may accidents He would get to work on time if he (get) …………………up early If we (have) ……………… more time, I could tell you more about it We wouldn’t mind having children if we (live) ………………………in the country If I (be) ………………………you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university If they gave me a job I (take) …………………… it The weather isn’t nice I (take) ………………a walk if the weather (be) ………………nice I am very tired tonight If I (not, be) …………………tired, I (go) ………………to the movie with you I don’t have enough time If I (have) ……………… enough time, I (go) ………………… to the park 10 It isn’t Saturday If it (be) ……………………Saturday, I (go) ……………………to the beach 11 If he (eat) …………………… all he will be ill 12 If I find your passport I (telephone) ………………………you at once 13 The police (arrest) ………………………him if they catch him 14 If he (read) ……………………….in bad light he will ruin his eyes 15 Someone (steal) ……………………… your car if you leave it unlocked Exercise Rewrite the following sentences using conditional sentence type 1 Drive carefully or you will cause accident If Be quiet or you’ll wake the baby up If I don’t have free time, that’s why I can’t go to see him If Exercise Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that they don’t change the meaning He doesn’t have the money and he cannot afford a new car If The match can be cancelled because it rains heavily If I am poor; I can’t travel around the world If I am not a millionaire, I can’t help all people If I am not old enough; I can’t decide my own life If I am very tired so I can’t finish my work If I cannot go to the beach with you this weekend because I have a date with my old classmate If Exercise Use “if” in place of “unless” 1/ We won’t go out unless it stops raining - 2/ I will call the police unless you give back my bike - 3/ You wouldn’t be able to this exercise unless your English were good - 4/ Unless we had enough rain, we couldn’t grow rice - 5/ I wouldn’t buy it unless I could afford it - 6/ I would refuse to go unless they paid my expenses - _ 7/ You don’t get there in time if you don’t hurry - _ 8/ We can’t the job if we don’t get help - _ 9/ You are allowed into the club only if you are member - _ IV Reading: Exercise 1: Fill in each blank with a suitable word in A, B, C or D: As an ecotourism site, it can (1)………….tourists with beautiful landscape in the biosphere reserve Tourists can trace (2)………….animals and watch them hunting their (3)………… at night Also, they can go (4)…………along Dong Nai River to Bau Sau to view peacocks’ graceful dances At present more and more visitors come to Nam Cat Tien National Park on their ecotour Thanks to this, the economy in the local area is flourishing This (5)…………local authorities more interested in developing this kind of tourism A give B provide C bring D take A mad B wild C dangerous D small A preys B victims C birds D insects A fishing B shopping C boating D skiing A helps B makes C is D wants Exercise 2: Read the passage and choose the best answer for each question: More than two hundred years ago, the term “environmental pollution” was quite strange to people They lived healthily, drank pure water, and breathed fresh air In those days, industry was not well-developed Nowadays, the situation is quite different The world today is faced with many major threats The most dangerous threat of all is war, and after the threat of war is pollution People all over the world are worried about things that are happening to the environment Actually it is man that is destroying the surroundings with many kinds of wastes from the devices that make human lives more comfortable and convenient Everybody knows that cars emit dangerous gases that cause poisonous air and cancer, but no one wants to travel on foot or by bicycles Manufactures know that wastes from factories make water and soil polluted, but they not want to spend a lot of their money on treating the wastes safely Scattering rubbish is bad for our health, but no one wants to spend time burying it Is it worth talking a lot about pollution? More than two hundred years ago A the environment was polluted as much as it is today B people knew nothing about environmental pollution C air was polluted badly D people were faced with pollution In former days, people _ A breathed fresh air, drank pure water and lived healthily B breathed polluted air, drank pure water and lived healthily C lived in the polluted environment D were worried about pollution The most dangerous threat that the world is faced with is _ A pollution B water C war D air Everybody knows that cars emit dangerous gases _ A so they not travel by car any longer B so they prefer travelling by bicycle C but they still prefer travelling by car D they no longer use cars Factory owners _ A know nothing about pollution B have no awareness of pollution C treat wastes from their factories safely D not want to spend money on treating the wastes safely V Writing: Write a paragraph (120-140 words) to answer each question below: Write about the advantages and disadvantages of tourism? Write about the advantages of an eco-tour? [...]... 8 damage (v) 9 deforestation (n) 10 degraded (adj) 11 deplete (v) 12 depletion (n) 13 destruction (n) 14 ecosystem (n) 15 editor (n) 16 fertilizer (n) 17 fossil fuel (np) 18 global warming (np) 19 greenhouse effect (n) 20 influence (v) 21 inorganic (adj) >< organic (adj) 22 long-term (adj) >< short-term (adj) 23 mass-media 24 polar ice melting 25 pollutant (n) 26 pollute (v) 27 pollution (n) 28 preservation... conservation (n) - Destination (n) - Discharge (v) - Ecology (n)- ecological (a) Ecotourism (n) Eco- friendly (a) - Environment (n)- Environmental (a) – environmentalist (n) - Extinct (a) Become extinct Extinction (n) In danger of extinction / Be threatened with extinction On the verge of extinction/ Be driven to the verge of extinction - Fauna (n) - Flora (n) - Impact (n) - Nature (n)- Natural (a) - Potential... Impact (n) - Nature (n)- Natural (a) - Potential for st - Preserve (v)- Preservation (n) - Relax (v)- Relaxation (n) - Scuba- diving (n) - Sustain (v)- Sustainable (a)- sustainability (n) - Safari (n) - Wildlife (n) II Phrasal verbs/ structures: - Think about sb/st - That sounds good/ interesting - Thank for st - Be (un)aware of st - … III Pronunciation: Stress on words of more than three- syllables IV... paragraph (1 20-140 words) to answer each question below: 1 What should you do during Tet holiday in Vietnam? 2 What shouldn’t you do during Tet holiday in Vietnam? UNIT 8: NEW WAYS TO LEARN A KIẾN THỨC CẦN GHI NHỚ I Vocabulary 1 access (v) 2 application / app (n) 3 concentrate (v) 4 device (n) 5 digital (adj) 6 disadvantage (n) >< advantage (n) 7 educate (v) 8 educational (adj) 9 fingertip (n) 10 identify (v)... quan hệ (who, whom, which, that, whose) hoặc trạng từ quan hệ (where, when, why) 3 Có 2 dạng MĐQH: + MĐQH không xác định (non-defining relative clauses): chỉ có mục đích nhằm bổ sung thông tin cho câu, được tách khỏi các phần khác của câu bằng dấu phẩy MDQH không xác định thường đi sau các danh từ riêng (Nam, Lan, Ho Chi Minh city, Hoi An ), danh từ sau tính từ sở hữu (my house, her parents ), danh từ... fingertip (n) 10 identify (v) 11 improve (v) 12 instruction (n) 13 native (adj) 14 portable (adj) 15 software (n) 16 syllable (n) 17 technology (n) 18 touch screen (np) 19 voice recognition (np) II Phrasal Verbs / Structures 1 access sth: với đến, truy cập hay sử dụng cái gì E.g.: - You have to enter a password to access the file 2 concentrate on sth/doing sth: tập trung vào cái gì, việc gì E.g.: - She... (n) 28 preservation (n) 29 preserve (v) 30 protect (v) 31 protection (n) 32 sewage (n) 33.solution (n) 34 vegetation (n) II Phrasal Verbs / Structures 1 confuse sb/sth: làm cho ai đó rối trí, khiến cho cái gì, việc gì trở nên khó hiểu E.g.: - You’re confusing him! Tell him slowly 2 confuse sb with sb: nhầm ai với ai E.g.: - You’re confusing me with my sister – she’s the singer III Pronunciation: three-syllable... be) …………………tired, I (go) ………………to the movie with you 9 I don’t have enough time If I (have) ……………… enough time, I (go) ………………… to the park 10 It isn’t Saturday If it (be) ……………………Saturday, I (go) ……………………to the beach 11 If he (eat) …………………… all he will be ill 12 If I find your passport I (telephone) ………………………you at once 13 The police (arrest) ………………………him if they catch him 14 If he (read) ……………………….in... type VIII Writing: Write a short text to answer each of the following questions: 1 If you are given a computer, what will you do with it? 2 Do you support the idea that students at school age can use cell phones freely? UNIT 9: PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT A KIẾN THỨC CẦN GHI NHỚ I Vocabulary 1 aquatic (adj) 2 article (n) 3 chemical (n) 4 confuse (v) 5 confusion (n) 6 consumption (n) 7 contaminate (v)... (cheap) than separate houses 4 A tumour is _ (bad) of all diseases 5 He was the (clever) _ thief of all 6 A man is normally _ (strong) than a woman 7 This flower is (beautiful) _ than that one 8 This is the (interesting) _ book I have ever read 9 Fruit and vegetables are (healthy) than fast food 10 Fish is one of _ (nutritious)