States of Matter Earth Science Intro Unit @earthscience I will be able to define and describe matter and the three states of matter What are the states of Matter? • Matter – All matter is made of atoms – Atoms are in constant motion – Particle movement determines the state of matter • States of Matter – Solid – Liquid – Gas I will be able to define and describe matter and the three states of matter What are the states of Matter? • Solids – Shape: • Definite – Volume: • Definite – Atoms: • Very close together • Vibrate in place – Exception: • Water, ice has more space between atoms than liquid water That is why it _ I will be able to define and describe matter and the three states of matter What are the states of Matter? • Liquids – Shape: • Not definite – Volume: • Definite – Atoms: • Further apart • Move, have more kinetic energy Kinetic energy is the energy of motion I will be able to define and describe matter and the three states of matter What are the states of Matter? • Gases – Shape: • Not definite – Volume: • Not Definite – Atoms: • Moving very fast • Most kinetic energy – Move faster when heat is applied – Move slower when heat is taken away I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Changes in States – A change of a substance from one physical state to another – Examples: • Water vapor to liquid water • Liquid water to ice I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Energy Gained or Lost – To change state, energy must be added or removed – Gaining or losing energy changes the temperature of a substance I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What happens to matter when a change of state occurs? • Energy / Motion of Partic les – Energy of the particles change – The speed and the distance between particles change I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What happens to matter when a change of state occurs? • Energy / Motion of Particles • Solids – Vibrate in place, particles close together I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What happens to matter when a change of state occurs? • Energy / Motion of Particles • Liquids – Move around – Particles further apart I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What happens to matter when a change of state occurs? • Energy / Motion of Particles • Gas– Move quickly – Particles very far apart I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Melting – Solid becomes liquid – Energy is added • Particles speed up • Temperature rises – Melting point • Temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Vaporization – Process by which liquids or solids change to a gas I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Sublimation – Change in state from a solid directly into a gas (skips liquid phase) • Add heat • Atoms gain energy • Escape into the air as a gas • Example: Dry Ice I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Evaporation – Add heat to a liquid • Atoms gain energy • Move faster – Evaporation • Particles can escape from the surface of a liquid if enough heat is added I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Boiling – A rapid change from a liquid to a gas (vapor) – Boiling Point • The temperature at which this occurs in a liquid – 100°C – 212°F I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Condensation – The change in state from a gas to a liquid • Cooling a gas • Particles lose energy I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Deposition – Change in state from a gas directly to a solid • Substance cools • Atoms lose energy • No liquid forms in the process • Example: – Water vapor turns into ice crystals I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Freezing – Liquid becomes solid – Loss of energy • Particles slow down • Temperature cools – Freezing point • Temperature at which a substance changes into a solid • Water = 0C or 32F I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What happens to matter when a change of state occurs? • Mass is Conserved – The amount of matter stays the same during a phase change – The mass does not change when its state changes – Each state contains the same amount of matter I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What happens to matter when a change of state occurs? • Mass is Conserved [...]... change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Freezing – Liquid becomes solid – Loss of energy • Particles slow down • Temperature cools – Freezing point • Temperature at which a substance changes into a solid • Water = 0C or 32 F I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What happens to matter when a change of state. ..I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What happens to matter when a change of state occurs? • Energy / Motion of Particles • Gas– Move quickly – Particles very far apart I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Melting – Solid becomes liquid – Energy is added... when a change of state occurs? • Mass is Conserved – The amount of matter stays the same during a phase change – The mass does not change when its state changes – Each state contains the same amount of matter I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What happens to matter when a change of state occurs? • Mass is Conserved ... at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Vaporization – Process by which liquids or solids change to a gas I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Sublimation – Change in state from a solid... I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Condensation – The change in state from a gas to a liquid • Cooling a gas • Particles lose energy I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Deposition – Change in state from a gas directly to a solid • Substance... to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Evaporation – Add heat to a liquid • Atoms gain energy • Move faster – Evaporation • Particles can escape from the surface of a liquid if enough heat is added I will be able to explain what a change in state is and describe how matter changes state What is a change in State? • Boiling – A rapid change