INVERSION Inversion is used to give emphasis or to be rhetorical in more formal situations, in political speeches, on the news, and also in literature Some native speakers may also use them occasionally in day-to-day conversation Inversion involves putting an auxiliary verb before the subject of a clause ADV + AUXILIARY VERB + S + V Khi đứng đầu câu Here, There :  Nếu S N : Eg :  Nếu S Pronoun  không đảo ngữ Eg : Here he comes Here / There + V + N The bus comes here  Here comes the bus Đảo ngữ với “No” “Not” : No +N Eg : No money will I give you from now on Eg : Not any money will I give you from now on + Inversion Not any + N Đảo ngữ dùng với trạng từ tần suất : Never, Rarely, Seldom, … Dùng chủ yếu với HTHT : Eg : ADV + HAS/HAVE + S + PII She has rarely been asked that question  Rarely has she been asked that question They have seldom left their town  Seldom have they left their town Phép đảo ngữ đề cập kiện liền sau kiện khác : 1 Hardly Barely + had + S + PII + when + Clause (Simple past) Scarcely Vừa … No sooner + had + S + PII + than + Clause (Simple past) Eg : As soon as the train had left when there was an explosion  No sooner had the train left than there was an explosion No sooner had she graduated from the university than she got married Phép đảo ngữ thực với trạng từ thời gian có “ONLY” đứng đầu câu : 2 ONLY AFTER + N/Ving/clause + Vaux + S + V : Chỉ sau Only after lunch can you play (You can play only after lunch.) Only after finishing your homework can you play (You can play only after finishing your homework.) Only after you have finished your homework can you play (You can play only after you have finished your homework.) ONLY BY + N/Ving + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ cách Only by guessing can you solve this puzzle (You can solve this puzzle only by guessing.) ONLY IF clause + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ khi, Only if everybody agreed would I accept this position (I would accept this position only if everybody agreed.) ONLY IN THIS/THAT WAY + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ cách này/đó Only in this way does this machine work (This machine works only in this way.) ONLY THEN + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ đến lúc Only then did they discover his secret (They discovered his secret only then.) ONLY WHEN + clause + Vaux + S + V: Chỉ đến Only when he needed some help did he call me (He called me only when he needed help.) Only when I filled my glass did I notice that it was broken (I noticed that my glass was broken only when I filled it.) ONLY WHEN thay NOT UNTIL Not until I filled my glass did I notice that it was broken (I didn’t notice that my glass was broken until I filled it.) Nếu đằng sau ONLY chủ ngữ nằm đầu câu đảo ngữ Ví dụ Only you can understand (no one else can understand)6 Phép đảo ngữ với trạng từ phủ định : In / Under no circumstances : Dù hoàn cảnh không In no way : Không For no reason at all On no account At no time No where By no means : Dù lý không : Hoàn toàn không ADV + AUXILIARY VERB (Khẳng định ) + S + V Eg : You shouldn’t phone the police under any circumstances  Under no circumstances should you phone the police You must touch this button at any time  At not time must you touch this button You won’t see such a beautiful girl any where  No where will you see such a beautiful girl For no reason at all did the murderer kill Mr John In no way could I agree with you By no means does he intend to criticize your idea Phép đảo ngữ với trạng từ NOT UNTIL : Không …  Bản thân trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định nên thực phép đảo, trợ ĐT dạng khẳng định  Luôn thực phép đảo vế câu Eg : I didn’t realize that I had lost my wallet until I got home  Not until I got home did I realize that I had lost my wallet I didn’t know him until I met him  Not until I met him did I know him Phép đảo ngữ với trạng từ : LITTLE Phép đảo ngữ mang nghĩa phủ định, thường thực với động từ nhận biết, suy nghĩ (know, realize, suppose, think, consider…) Eg : I don’t know about this meeting  Little I know about this meeting She doesn’t realize how much important this means  Little does she realize how much important this means Phép đảo ngữ với “SO” : S + BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE  SO + ADJ + BE + S + THAT + CLAUSE Eg : The boy were so handsome that all the girls fell in love with him  So handsome were the boy that all the girls fell in love with him 10 Phép đảo ngữ với "SUCH" : S + V + SUCH + A/AN + ADJ + N + THAT + CLAUSE  SUCH + A/AN + ADJ + N + V + S + THAT + CLAUSE Eg : Tom is such a handsome boy that all the girls in our class can’t help glancing at him  Such a handsome boy is Tom that all the girls in our class can’t help glancing at him Shelly has such beautiful eyes that she got a job as a make-up model  Such beautiful eyes has Shelly that she got a job as a make-up model 11 No longer + Inversion : Không No more Eg : I don’t love him any longer  No longer I love him 12 Phép đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện : Đảo ngữ xảy mệnh đề Điều kiện : a TYPE I : If + do, will  Should + S + do, S + will + Eg : If I meet him this afternoon, I will inform him  Should I meet him this afternoon, I will inform him b TYPE II : If + S + did, S + would  Were + S + to V, S +would Eg : If I were you, I would love him  Were I (to be) you, I would love him If people drove so slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents  Were people to drive so slowly, there wouldn’t be so many accidents c TYPE III : If + S + had + done, S + would have done  Had + S + done, S + would have done Eg : If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam  Had I studied hard, I would have passed the exam 13 NOT ONLY … BUT ALSO Eg : Not only is he ugly, but he is also lazy Not only does he speak English well but he also sings beautifully 14 So, nor, neither, Neither…nor Eg : I’m from Hanoi So am I I don’t like her Nor / Neither I Neither the dress nor the jeans does she like 15 Đảo ngữ với số trạng từ phương hướng, nơi chốn ta chia động từ, không cần đảo trợ động từ / does / did… Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary) Eg : Under the banana tree sat they learning English Up the hill were running a group of kids On the grass are lying the boys Into the room ran the lady First comes love, then comes marriage Along the road came a strange procession 16 ADJ + AS = ALTHOUGH Eg : Although science has accomplished much in this century, there’s still more to be done  Much as science has accomplished in this century, there’s still more to be done Although advertisements are different, they share the same purpose  Different as advertisements are, they share the same purpose