" L A N G D O " TRONG PHONG TRAO XO VIET NGHE-TINH V A V I E C L U U GIUT C A C D l T f C H " L A N G D O " Of N G H E - T I N H NG6 DANG TRI* CAC "LANG DO" TRONG PHONG TRAO XO V I E T NGHE-TINH 1.1 Phong trao each mang 19301931 va X6 viet Nghe-TInh Phong trao X6 viet Nghe-TTnh la phong trao each mang cua quan chung cong nong hai tinh Nghe An va Ha Tinh thdi ky 19301931, Dang Cong san lanh dao, pha tan chinh quyen de quoc, phong kien d cd sd, thUc hien quyen tu quan cua nhan dan, thong qua to chac nong hoi (thon bo nong, xa bo nong), quan ly dia phudng theo kieu chinh quyen X6 viet (hoi dong) o nildc Nga Nhung lang co chinh quyen X6 viet nhU vay diicfc goi la "lang do" hay lang X6 viet Nghe-TInh Su xuat hien cua phong trao each mang 1930-1931 va X6 viet Nghe - Tinh co cac nguyen nhan sau xa va nguyen nhan true tiep Trong qua trinh di tim difdng cUii nUdc, cUu dan, thuc chat la di tim mot rao hinh nha nude, mot the che chinh tri-kinh te kha dl thuc hien dUdc nguyen vong ciia nhan dan Viet Nam la doc lap, tu do, hanh phuc, * PGS.TS Khoa Lich sit, r sau nhieu hia chon, cuoi cung Ho Chi Minh da quyet dinh lay mo hinh X6 viet d nUdc Nga, VI.Lenin thiet l&p, lam mau mUc TU sU hia chon do, Ho Chi Minh da gia nh&p Dang Cong san Phap, truyen ba Chii nghia Mac-Lenin vao Viet Nam, lam xua't hien phong trao dan toe dan chu theo khuynh hudng each mang vo san, d&n tdi sii ddi cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam dau nam 1930 Nhu vay, nguyen nhan sau xa ciia cao trao each mang 1930-1931 la stf hia chon dUdng each mang vo san cua Ho Chi Minh va su" chi dao cua Quoc te Cong san Nguyen nhan true tiep la dUdng loi va phUdng phap dau tranh ciia Dang Cong san Viet Nam va sii c&m thu de quoc cuoc khdi nghia Yen Bai (2-1930) bi tan sat da man va tac dong tieu cUc ciia cuoc khung hoang kinh te tu ban chii nghia the gidi cung chinh sach boc lot ciia thiic dan Phap, phong kien, lam cho ddi song nhan dan Viet Nam cue kho, Nguyen cd true tiep la Dang Cong san chu trUdng to chUc cac cuoc mit tinh, bieu tinh ky niem Quoc te Lao dong 1-5-1930 rong khap Udng DHKHXH&NV-DHQGHN de doi quyen dan sinh, dan chu cho nhan dan, nhiing cac cuoc mit tinh bi thUc dan Phap dung vu liic ngan can, khung bo', dan tdi "tdc midc, vd bd" Phong trao mang tinh toan quo'c ro net bat ddu tu: ky niem Quoc te Lao dong 1-5-1930 vdi sU xuat hien cac cupc mit tinh, tuan hanh bieu diidng liic ludng, sii xuat hien cd bua liem, rai truyen ddn, dien thuyet nhieu ndi, ca thi va nong thon, cong nhan va nong dan, khap Bac, Trung, Nam Ky Khau hieu dau tranh khdng chi ddi dan sinh, dan chu cho cong nong Viet Nam nhu ddi tang liidng, bdt gid lam, giam sUu thue, thi hanh luat lao dong, chdng khung bo' chinh tri ma cdn mang tinh qudc te, irng ho Lien bang Xd viet, phan dd'i chien tranh de qudc Rieng thang 5-1930 cd tdi 16 cuoc dau tranh cua cdng nhan, 34 cuoc cua ndng dan, cuoc cua hoc sinh va dan ngheo thi TH thang den thang 8-1930 ca nude cd 121 cuoc dau tranh, dd cd 22 cuoc cua cdng nhan, 95 cuoc cua ndng dan, manh me nhat la vung Nghe - Tinh Sii xuat hien cua cao trao Xd viet NgheTinh, ngoai nhung nguyen nhan chung cdn cd mot sd' yeu to' dia - nhan rieng Dd la Nghe-TTnh cd khu cdng nghiep Vinh - Ben Thuy vdi sd' liidng cong nhan ddng, phong trao cong nhan phat trien manh Cac tinh la que hudng cua Phan Boi Chau, Hd Chi Minh, Tran Phii, Le Hong Phong, Ha Huy Tap, Ho Tung Mau, Pham Hong Thai, Le Hong Sdn cd to' chdc Dang Cong san phat trien rong khap, cd sii chi dao tnic tiep cua cac Uy vien Trung udng Dang nhu Nguyln Phong Sac, Nguyln Dric Canh, Le Mao Vung cung cd truyen tho'ng yeu nude va each mang sdi nd'i, cuoc sdng cua nhan dan rat thap bi ap bifc, bdc lot nang ne va thien tai trien mien Sii tan bao ftghien cuu Lich sU so 2.2011 cua ke dich d vung ciing la mot tac nhan dUa tdi cuoc dau tranh quyet t i i cua quan chiing Hoi du cac nhan td' chung va rieng, cac cudc dau tranh d Nghe-Tinh da phat trien manh va nhanh chdng trd trung tam, dinh cao ciia phong trao ca nUdc Nhin chung, phong trao each mang 1930-1931 cd giai doan: Giai doan md dau (tit dau 1930 den cud'i 4-1930); giai doan cao trao (tu 1-5-1930 den d i u 1931, sdi noi nhat la den cuoi 1930); giai doan thoai trao (giua 1931 den cuoi 1931) 1.2 Cac "lang do* t r o n g phong trao X o v i e t Nghe-Tinh Tai Nghe- Tinh, 1-5-1930, theo chii triidng chung, cong nhan nha may Diem, nha may Ciia Ben Thuy cung hang ngan ndng dan cac vung lan can thi xa Vinh ram ro bieu tinh thi uy, mang theo cd bua liem va cac khau hieu ddi dan sinh dan chu, ung ho each mang Nga Thiic dan Phap da cho binh Hnh xa sung vao doan bieu tinh lam ngUdi chet, 18 ngiidi bi thudng, b i t di 100 ngiidi Cung hdm dd, 3.000 ndng dan huyen Thanh Chiidng bieu tinh pha ddn dien Ky Vien, cam cd bua liem len ndc nha va tich thu ruong da't chia cho ndng dan Quan Phap va Hnh khd' xanh da keo tdi dan ap, ban chet 18 ngUdi, bi thiidng 30 ngUdi, bat nhieu ngiidi khac Hai tran dung dau tien da bao hieu tinh quye't liet cua cac cuoc dau tranh tiep theo Trong thang va 7-1930, Nghe - Tinh cd 11 cupc bieu tinh ldn vdi hang van ngiidi tham gia Ngay 1-8-1930, cdng nhan khu cdng nghiep Vinh- Ben Thuy da cd cuoc td'ng bai cong nhan Quo'c te chdng chien tranh de' quo'c Ngay 30-8-1930, ndng dan Nam Dan keo len huyen diia yeu sach, pha nha lao giai thoat cho nhiing ngUdi bi bat Ngay "Lang E6" rrong phong trao 1-9-1930, nong dan Thanh Chudng bao vay va dot tru sd huyen Ngay 7-9-1930, nong dan Can Loc bieu tinh len huyen cldi giam thue than, giam to, bo thue cho, thue' Den thang 9-1930, cuoc noi day cua cong nong Nghe - Tinh phat trien tdi dinh cao Quan chiing da bieu tinh thi uy vu trang, tien cong vao cd quan chinh quyen dich d dia phUdng De quoc Phap da dung bien phap khung b6' khoe liet de dap tat cuoc noi day cua cong nong Nghe-Tinh Ngay 12-9-1930, hdn van ngudi cl Hung Nguyen (Nghe An), dang tap trung mit tinh hudng dng cuoc dau tranh cua ndng dan cac huyen va cuoc bai cdng cua cong nhan Vinh - Ben Thuy, phan dd'i chinh sach khung bo' cua bon thiic dan va tay sai da bi may bay cua quan doi Phap den nem bom lam 217 ngiidi chet, 125 ngiidi bi thiidng Nhu Ida them dau, sudt thang va 10-1930, d hau het cac huyen cua Nghe An - Ha Tinh, nong dan da vu trang khdi nghia, keo den pha huyen ly, nha giam, nha ga xe Ida, cat day dien tin, pha ddn dien cua bon thiic dan Phap Cdng nhan Vinh - Ben Thuy bai cong sud't thang lien de ung ho phong trao ndng dan va phan dd'i chfnh sach khung bd'cua dich Cuoc nd'i day cua nhan dan Nghe - Tinh da lam cho bo may chinh quyen de qudc va phong kien tay sai d nhieu huyen bi te liet, d nhieu xa bi tan Triidc tinh hinh dd, cac td chdc Dang d dia phiidng da lanh dao quan chiing thiic hien quyen lam chu, tii diing quan ly lay ddi sd'ng cua minh, hinh nen cac 'lang do" Cac ban chap hanh ndng hoi xa (xa bo nong), ndng hdi thdn (thdn bo ndng) da ddng quan ly moi mat ddi song chinh t r i va xa hoi d ndng thdn, mac nhien lam nhiem vu cua chinh quyen each mang theo hinh thiic X6 viet Chinh quyen Xd viet da kien quye't tran ap bon phan each mang, bai bd cac thii thue de qudc va phong kien dat ra, ddng thdi thiic hien cac quyen tii dan chu cho nhan dan, chia lai ruong dat cong cho nong dan, bat dia chu giam td, xda nd, khuyen khich dan hoc chut qudc ngu, bai tru! me tin di doan, trdm cUdp, Cac to' chifc quan chung, t i i nhiing hinh thdc thap nhu hoi tudng te, hoi the due, den cac hinh thue cao nhu ndng hoi, cdng hdi, hoi phu nii giai phdng, doan nien phan de, hoi hoc sinh, hoi cdu te dd, tu ve do, nha't la nong hoi, deu phat trien ra't manh Viec tuyen truyen giao due y thiic chinh t r i cho quan chiing bang hoi nghi, mit tinh, sach bao each mang dude dac biet chii va to chiic rong rai Hoang sd trudc sU xuat hien cac lang do, cac Xd viet cdng ndng va anh hudng cua Dang Cong san, de qudc Phap da thiic hien khung bd' trang, siic dan ap nhan dan vdi nhieu thu doan xao quyet va tan bao Hang tram lang xdm bi triet ha, hang ngan nha cda bi dot pha, hang van can bo, dang vien cdng san bi ban giet, bi bat tu day, hau het cac cd quan lanh dao cua Dang bi pha vd, cac td chdc quan chiing bi giai tan, cac X6 viet bi xda bd Ben canh sii khung bd'dQ ddi cua ke dich, sii chi dao dau tranh va chu trUdng xay diing liic lUdng mang tinh "ta" khuynh cua cac cap Dang dia phUdng ciing lam cho phong trao gap them nhieu khd khan Sau mot so' cuoc mit tinh ky niem 1-5-1931, cuoc noi day cua quan chung Nghe - Tinh ndi rieng va ca nUdc Viet Nam ndi chung di vao thdi ky thoai trao Rghien ciru Ljeh sd, sd 2.2011 Tuy mdi lap d mdt sd' lang xa, thdi gian tdn tai chi khoang thang, nhUng X6 viet Nghe - Tinh da td ro ban chat each mang va tinh Uu viet cua no Do la mot chinh quyen cua dan, dan va vi dan, dem lai nhieu ldi ich can ban cho nhan dan Cudc ndi day da giang mot ddn quyet liet vao chinh quyen de quo'c, phong kien, ddng thdi chdng td nhan dan Viet Nam cd kha nang lat nen thong t r i cu de xay diing mot cuoc song mdi tot dep cua minh Cao trao each mang 1930-1931 va X6 viet Nghe - Tinh la cuoc dien tap dau tien cua nhan dan Viet Nam dudi sii lanh dao cua Dang Cong san chuan bi cho thang ldi cua Cach mang thang Tam nam 1945 sau VIEC L U U GILf CAC D I TICH VE PHONG TRAO XO VIET NGHE - T I N H VA CAC "LANG DO" NGHE A N VA HA T I N H 2.1 Viec lvru giuf cac ky ufc ve phong trao X6 vi¥t Nghe - T i n h La mot sii kien ldn cua lich sd Viet Nam, "X6 viet Nghe-Tinh" da va dang dUdc Dang, Nha nUdc Viet Nam quan tam chi dao nghien cuii, hiu giu cac di san vat the va phi v4t the bang nhieu hinh thue phong phu: Thu nhdt: Qua nhiing hinh anh, hien vat Bao tang Cach mang Viet Nam, Bao tang Hd Chi Minh, Bao tang Lich sd Quan sii Viet Nam, Bao tang X6 viet Nghe - Tinh, Khu Di tich Kim Lien, Khu liiu niem Tong Bi thu Tran Phu, Khu liiu niem Tdng Bi thu" Le Hong Phong, Khu liiu niem Tdng Bi thii Ha Huy Tap, Rieng tai Bao tang X6 viet Nghe - Tinh d Thanh phd Vinh (Nghe An) da cd hdn 11.000 t i i lieu, hien v&t, cd hdn 3.000 hien vkt gdc Trong so" 117 bao tang d Viet Nam, day la bao tang chuyen de dat d dia phUdng diidc lap sdm nhat (1960), thudc loai ldn nhat, cd nha triing bay va lam viec kha khang trang Rieng phan triing bay cd phdng, mdi phdng tren 60m : Phdng 1: Md dau; Phdng 2: Nguyen nhan true tiep bung nd cao trao; Phdng 3: Qua trinh van dong lap cac Dang bo Nghe An, Ha Tinh; Phdng 4: Sa ban toan canh cao trao X6 viet Nghe Tinh; Phdng 5: Cao trao dau tranh tu! thang den thang 91930; Phdng 6: Thanh qua cua Xd viet Nghe Tinh; Phdng 7: Dau tranh chdng khung bo' trang; Phdng 8: Y nghia lich sd cua Xd viet Nghe Tinh Thu hai: Qua cac hdi thao khoa hoc va cac de tai nghien cUu Trung Udng va cac tinh Nghe An, Ha Tinh thiic hien Rieng tai Nghe - Tinh da cd cac cudc hdi thao, nhii: Xd viet Nghe Tinh vdi cdch mang thdng MUdi Nga" (1987), "65 nam, 80 nam Xd viet Nghe Tinh", "Cong tdc tuyen truyen cua Ddng phong trao Xd viet Nghe-Tinh", "70 nam Xd viet Nghi - Tinh" (2000); Bdc Ho vdi que huang Nghe Tinh, "Ky niem 100, 105 nam ngdy sinh Cd Tong Bi thu Trdn Phu" (2009), "Ky niem 100 nam ngdy sinh Cd Tong Bi thu Le Hong Phong, cdc cudc toa dam ve Pham Hdng Thdi, ve Le Hong Sctn, ve Ho Tung Mdu, ve Hd Huy Tap, ve Phiing Chi Kien Trong cac cudc hoi thao, toa dam dd, lich sd ve Xd viet Nghe - Tinh, cac lang d Nghe-Tinh deu dUdc nh&c den nhu la nhfJng sii kien ndi bat, quan nhat, dang tii hao nhat Thu ba: Qua cac an pham true tiep hoae cd de cap den Xd viet Nghe - Tinh td chuc bien soan, xuat ban d Trung Udng va dia phUdng Nhii: "Xd viet Nghe An" (1950), "Dii thdo lich sd Xd viet Nghe An" (1956), "Lich sii Nghe- Tinh" (1984), "Lich suDdng bd tinh Nghe Tinh" (1987), "Nhung ngUdi 73 B6h dien Ram Ky thoi Phap thuge dien chii khong can tuyen them nhan cong ngoai tinh Rieng d Cang Long co ngdt 70 ngiidi An Nam t i i cac tinh Trung Ky vao lam cu-li (cay ruong va lam vudn) cho cac dien chu ban xii vung GRESSIER et Cie BEC 500 1.300 LACOUTURE 1.000 COMBOT 530 su dung 900 nhan cdng ngiidi An Nam va ngiidi Cam-bd't + Vinh Long: Viec khai thac canh ndng ciia ngiidi Phap tai tinh Vinh Long chi mang lai loi ich ho xay diing diidc nhiing ddn dien trdng mia hoae trdng diia Bd Ria: (xem bang 7) Ben Tre: Cac ddn dien cua ngiidi Au Bang 7: Don dien chu yeu cua Hiep hpi dien chu Phap cV t i n h Ba Ria su" dung 1.214 cu-li Don dien Dien tich Dien tich canh tac Sdcay Da la'y mu Quan ly Don dien Ba Ria Don dien Veillet & Bonnefoy D/d Courtenay Don dien Xa Hang Don dien Michel Don dien NgHuuHao Don dien Potteaux Don dien Blaquiere Don dien Brisere De ITsle Cong ty Domaine Locan Don dien Hdi Truyen Giao Don dien Hdi Phap - Nhat Don dien Danvy Don dien Xuyen Mdc 1.733ha 491 296 397 60.000 95.000 4.000 50.000 Galibert Bourdon 732 992 363 287 24 10 439 258 29 150 22 ha 109.200 52.300 2.000 47.000 10.000 3:000 60.000 36.000 Polain Payre ha 3.500 3.5000 750 742 60 290 diia lua 490 69 mia 20 ' 20 lua 71 20 phuc vu cac nganh ky nghe Cdn nhu dien chu Phap cho ngiidi ban xii thue de canh tac rudng liia thi chang dem lai nhan to gi mdi me, xdt ve gdc khai thac tiem nang cua thudc dja Nam Ky Hdn hai nam sau (1924), ddn dien d Nam Ky lai diidc cac Chu tinh bao cao cu the nhu sau: Bac Lieu: Ddn dien ciia ngiidi Au chiem tdng dien tich la 26.624 rudng da't, gom: 2.000 7.000 Boy &Cie J.B.Tong bong vai chiem khoang 6.000 ha, dd cd 5.300 rudng liia, 250 trdng dQa va 450 thudc cac canh tac khac Bien Hoa: - Ddn dien dng BLANC: 289 - Ddn dien dng LEFEVBRE: 240 - Ddn dien dng JACQUES DE BON: 381 - Ddn dien dng PEYSSON: 315 - Don dien dng NAVARO & BEZARD: 600 Rahien ciru Lich sir, so' 2.2011 74 Mot so' ngiidi Au khac dang nop ddn xin cap da't leip don dien vdi tdng dien tich la 13.957 Cac ddn dang diidc xem xet, phan ldn xin lap ddn dien cao su - Cdng ty liia gao Xa-No (ong QUERY): 2.617 Sau day la cac ddn dien quan d Bien Hda: Chdu Bdc: Ddn dien trdng liia ciia ngiidi Phap: - Cdng ty Agle de Suzanna: 1.293 (cao su, ca phe, long nao, cacao, cay cd-la va ddng cd chan nudi), 457 cu-li, mua tii 1910 - Cdng ty ddn dien An Ldc: 2.367 (cao su, diia, ca phe, tra, chud'i va ddng cd chan nudi), mua qua cac nam 1916, 1917, 1919 - Cdng ty Canh ndng Tan Tuy Ha: 709 (cao su va diia), mua tii 1909 - Ong LABASTE: 2.500 - Ba gda WAMBOLD: 670 Tan Chau: - Cdng ty Canh ndng Tan Chau: 1.261 - Cdng ty Canh ndng Tan Thanh: 1.710 - Cua mot sd'giao si: 1.111 Tinh Bien: • - Ddn dien cua ba De la Souchere: 700 (cao su, ca phe va diia), mua tii cac nam 190 va 1919 - Ddn dien cua dng BARAMIAU d Vinh Qudi: 200 - Cdng ty ddn dien Nam Ky: 690 (cao su), mua tQ 1912 - Cac dng HO HUNG NHUONG va PHAM VAN SAM (qudc tich Phap) cd 541 d Hiep Xiidng va 91 d Vinh Ldc - Cdng ty ddn dien Xuan Loc: 525 (cao su, ca phe va diia), mua t i i 1911 va 1913 Chau Phii: - Ong BELLARGENT d Vinh Thanh Trung cd 244ha dang khai k h i n - Cdng ty ddn dien Dong Nai: 149 (cao su), mua til 1910 - Ong VERLET cd 443 d Xuan To, 10 d Tu Te - Cdng ty Canh ndng Binh Triidc: 170 (cao su), mua t i i 1910, 1911 - Mdt so' giao si cd 1.300 rudng liia - Ddn dien Caruette: 90 (cao su), mua tii 1903 - Ddn dien Lignon: 42 (cao su), mua tii 1913 Cdn The: Sau day la cac ddn dien chinh: - Cdng ty Canh ndng cua Thi Ddi (dng MEZIN): 1.000 - Ngiidi thiia ke Dejean de la Batie (dng DUBUISSON): 1.287 - Lortat-Jacob: 3000 - VO-VAN-THOM : 400 Che/ Ldn: Cd 53 dien chu sd hOu 5.822 ha, nhiing chiia hoan toan diia vao canh tac Go Cdng: Sau day la cac ddn dien cua ngiidi Phap (tinh den thang cud'i nam 1924): - Hdi Truyen giao: Cha ABONNEL (thiia sai d Go Cdng) dai dien, vdi 6ha 04.40 d Binh Long Ddng, 52ha 00.90 d Tan Thdi, 2ha 39.40 d Thanh Pho va lha 52.56 d Tan Phiidc - DAO T H I KHUYEN (da chet, trai la Le Cdng Phiidc hien sdng d phd' My Tho) cd 49ha 42.75 d Thanh N M t , hau 75 Boh dien Ram Ky thoi Phap Hiufic het lua, co 2ha 41.00 la dat viidn cua dng PINAIRE d Phii Qudc va cac dng MAYER, VLALAR d Hdn Chdng - LEPERVANCHE (Doi triidng Nha doan Chd Ldn), co 175ha64 d Phu Thanh Dong; da co 30ha lua, dien tich lai de hoang - TRUONG VAN TU (Tham ta luc sQ Vinh Long), co hai khu dat (8ha 36 va 8ha 46.40) deu da lua Long Xuyen: Cac dng DARLES va TRAN VAN DON da trung thau 928 dang khai khan d Thanh Quoi Cung vung cdn cd cac dien chu LOYE, BARBIER va LAGARDE O Dinh My cd ddn dien cua cac dng NOBLET va MERDRIGNAC; d Vinh Kang cd ddn dien cua hoi truyen giao - HO VAN LOC (nguyen la Pho quan, da chet, ba vd gda trii tai Tay Ninh), co 6ha 41.33 Tan Th6i, lua My Tho: Cd 15 dien chu sd hQu nhQng ddn dien quan trong, bao gdm mdt tdng dien tich 9.307 rudng lua va vridn dQa - Emile LY CONG KIEU (Triidng toa Go Cong), co 33ha 02.75 d Phu Thanh Dong, liia Rqch Gid: Co 101 dien chu ngiidi Au sd hQu 49.000 - COUGONDE (nhan vien gac hai dang, da nghi viec), co 4ha00.80 d Tan Thanh, trdng liia - NGUYEN T H I NAM, tuc CUC (dien chu, phd' Paris, so' 153, Chd Ldn), cd 29ha 65.60 d Binh Thanh, da cd 25ha 45.60 trdng liia, cdn lai la diia midc • Hd Tien: "Cong ty vd danh" khai thac d Phii Qudc la ddn dien quan nhat tinh Cac ddn dien khac thudc sd hQu Sa Dec: Trong tinh cd them dien chii mdi (cac dng TOMASINI, PERON va HUYNH TAN QUAN), bo sung so 51 dien cu cu cua tinh Tdng dien tich ho sd hQu la 6.895 ha, da cd 3.098 da canh tac Sdc Trdng: (xem bang 8) Tdn An: Chi cd mdt ddn dien mdi, dien tich 11 ha, cap cho dng NOGUERRES dien chu d Binh Thanh - de md rdng ddn dien trdng dQa Bang 8: Cac ddn dien chinh of Sdc Trang Ten dien chu Td'ng dientich Dien tich canh tac Ong Labaste Ong Gressier Remy Ong Jourdan Ong Berthelot de 11a Gletais Truong The Le Van An Ong Le Van Truoc Ly-Penne Ong Ha Minh Ldc Hoi truyen giao P.Quimbrot (Brun thiia ke) P.Herrgott P.Kelier P.Chabalier 3.366 3.992 751 254 1.014 1.231 1.994 514 515 3.030 1.087 461 290 197 2.800 3.750 700 250 900 1.150 1.200 500 378 2.500 750 400 250 160 Nhan cong 514 87 60 153 133 50 45 44 391 76 76 Rghien cuu Lich sir, so" 2.2011 Tay Ninh: Nam da co ddn xin cap 2.300 de cao su, mia, dQa va lua Thu Ddu Mot: Cac cong ty canh nong tinh deu ra't phat dat: - Vung Hdn Quan, Loc Ninh co "Cong ty cao su Dong DitOng" cua Phap cl Loc Ninh va "Don dien ddt do" (nhom Hallet) 6" Quan Loi, Xa Trach, Xa Cam, An Loc va Xa Cat - Cao nguyen Chanh Lim - Vung Ben Siic: Don dien Phii Hiing (nhom Hallet), Don dien Barbier Brison Don dien Mathieu) Kerhuella (Guillemet Cong ty dan sii Giuntolli-Prunetti, Don dien Canque va Lacour Don dien Barthe Don dien Giovanselli Don dien Delost Trd Vinh: Co 15 dien chii sd hQu 7.037 Vinh Long: Co 31 dien chu sd hQu 4.592 * Suot hdn 70 nam (tQ nhQng t M p nien cudi the ky XLX deh triidc phat xit Nhat vao Dong Diidng), chinh quyen thQc dan Phap d Nam Ky da hoan tat viec chiem doat rudng dat diidi nhieu hinh thQc, bien phap diidc quy dinh qua hang loat thong tri, nghi dinh hen tiep dQdc ban hanh Dung nhu" nhiin xet cua tac gia Nguyen Khac Vien ("Vietnam, une longue histoire" Hanoi 1987): chinh quyen thQc dan tao moi dieu kien thu&n ldi, thkm chi khuyen khich cac ca nhan va cdng ty thiic dan chiem doat nhQng vung dat phi nhieu Noi rieng tren dia ban Nam Ky, viec dao dap he thdng tQdi tieu cho ddng bang sdng CQu Long tao them dieu kien cho bon thQc dan va quan chQc ngiidi Viet ciidp chiem nhQng dien tich cdng san rdng menh mdng (4) CHU THICH (4) Trung tdm luu trQ qudc gia 2, ky hieu: IA.3/228; IA.3/252; IA.6/223; G.divers I 3606; N.34I6; SL.4B08 VE M O I O U A N HE G I U A " H O A N G V I E T L U A T LE • • • • V A " D A I T H A N H L U A T LE" • • • NGUYEN THI THU THUY* T Toeing Viet luqt le la bo luat -L -L van cua trieu Nguyen - trieu dai quan chu cuoi cung cl Viet Nam Moi quan he giiia "Hoeing Viet luqt le" vdi cac bd luat khac lich sii che quan chu d Viet Nam cung nhu" v6i cac bo luat d Trung Hoa (nhat la luat nha Thanh), da dUdc nhieu hoc gia va ngoai mfdc tim hieu tren nhiing goc khac Trong pham vi bai viet nay, chiing toi muon tim hieu them mdi quan he giiia "Hodng Viet luqt le" cua nha Nguyen vdi "Dai Thanh luqt le" cua nha Thanh, tren cd sd khao ciiu mot each cu the van ban cua hai bo (tif cau true bo luat den so' liidng, ten goi dieu luat, noi dung cac dieu luat, dieu le) de hy vong co dUdc cai nhin khach quan hdn ddi vdi "Hodng Viet luqt le" Ket cau va ten goi cua bo luat Xet ve ket cau, cac dieu khoan "Hodng Viet ludt le" chia lam luat va le Ket cau la md phdng bd luat cua nha Thanh d Trung Quo'c, khdng gid'ng vdi ket cau cua bd "Qudc trieu hinh luqt' nha Le trudc dd Theo quan niem cua ngiidi Trung Hoa, luat la "thudng phdp muon doi,", tiic la cac dieu khoan chep t i i cac bd lu&t cd, diidc coi nhu la khudn vang thudc ngoc khdng the bd dUdc, du cd the cac dieu luat ay da trd nen ldi thdi, khdng cdn phu hdp vdi thue tien xa hdi nUa Le khdng phai la tuc le ma nguyen la nhiing ban xd an thUc te, dUdc xet la quan nen dUa them vao bo luat Cac dieu le bd sung kem vdi cac dieu luat lam bdt di tinh ly thuyet cua bd luat, phu hdp hdn vdi thUc t i l n xa hoi dUdng thdi Vi the, cac dieu le thudng cd tinh thiic tien hdn so vdi dieu luat Cach ket cau dieu khoan hai phan lullt va le vita bao dam dUdc tinh dn dinh cua luat phap, viia the hien sU linh hoat qua trinh thiic hien cac quy dinh phap luat, thuan tien cho ngudi thi hanh va ngudi chap hanh luat Day dUdc danh gia la budc tien mdi lich sd lap phap cua nha Minh - Thanh d Trung Quo'c Do vay, viec nha Nguyen tiep thu ket cau cua bd luat nha Thanh cung phan nao cd the ly giai dUdc Cung gid'ng nhu each nha Thanh da bao luu ket cau cua bo "Dai Minh luqt tap gidi phu le" cud'i thdi Minh bd luat cua trieu dai minh (1) Vi ket cau bo luat la md phdng cua nha Thanh nen ten goi cua bo luat nha Nguyln khdng phai la Hinh thu nhu nha Ly, nha Tran hoae Qudc trieu hinh luqt cua nha Le ma la "Hodng Viet luqt le" cung nhu lu&t nha Thanh la "Dai Thanh luqt le" ' ThS Khoa Lich sd - Trudng Dai hoc Stf pham Ha Ndi 20 Rghien cuu Lich sir, so 2.2011 Gid'ng nhu "Dai Thanh luqt le", "Hodng Viet luqt le" ngoai quyen dau la muc luc cac dieu luat, bang (hay do), the le ve phuc tang, dien giai thuat ngQ, cac quyen lai diidc chia the loai, tiidng ling vdi viec cua bo: Lai, Bo, Le, Binh, Hinh, Cong Chi tiet nhu" sau: Quyen thii 1: Muc luc dieu luat, bang (hay do), the le ve trang phuc tang, dien giai thuat ngQ Quyen thu! va 3: Danh luat le, 45 dieu Quyen thii va 5: Lai luat, 27 dieu Quyen thii 6, va 8: Ho luat, 66 dieu Quyen thii 9: Le luat, 26 dieu Quyen thd 10 va 11: Binh luat, 58 dieu Quyen thd 12 den 20: Hinh luat, 166 dieu Quyen thii 21: Cong luat, 10 dieu Quyen thii 22: dan dieu luat Trong tifng phan Lai luat, Cong luat, Ho luat, Le luat, Binh luat, Hinh luat thi cac de muc cung giohg hoan toan vdi bd luat nha Thanh Ngoai ra, each trinh bay in an cua "Hodng Viet luqt le" cung gidng vdi bo luat nha Thanh Ngoai cac dieu luat, dieu le cdn co may diem dang liiu y sau day: - O tren dau trang giay co nhiing dieu chii thich in bang chii nhd de cho biet nguon gdc cua cac dieu luat, hoae cho biet nhiing ban an co lien quan den dieu luat ay - Trong moi dieu luat, dieu le in chii ldn thudng cd in xen chii nhd de chii thich cac ldi le hoae danh t i i dieu luat - Sau cac dieu luat cdn cd nhiing dieu chii giai chinh van, theo dd, cac cau van luat diicic trinh bay lai diidi mot hinh thdc khac cho de hieu Sii gid'ng ve mat hinh thiic nhu vay le tii nhien se diia nhiing anh hudng ve mat ndi dung cua bd "Dai Thanh ludt le" den bd "Hodng Viet ludt le" Tuy nhien, xet chi tiet cac dieu luat thi "Hodng Viet luqt le" van cd mot so' dieu luat khac vdi "Dai Thanh luqt le" So liidng, ten goi va noi dung cac dieu luat Ve so liCctng dieu luqt, "Hodng Viet ludt le" it hdn "Dai Thanh luqt li" 38 dieu 38 dieu luat diidc chia cac phan nhii sau (xem bang 1) Bang 1: So sanh so'liidng dieu luat giGa Hoang Viet ludt le va Dai Thanh ludt le (2) Noi dung so sanh Muc luc ve ten goi luat le Lai luat Che' quan chuc Dan Dien trach (ruong, nha) Ho luat Hon nhan Thuong kho Han thue Cam buon ban, hop_chd Quan chinh Binh luat Don canh xet tren dat tren song Chan nuoi, chuong trai Buu dich Kien thua Hinh luat Nhan ciia dut lot Pham gian Hodng Viet ludt le 45 13 11 10 16 22 2 20 5 12 11 9 Dai Thanh ludt le 46 14 15 11 17 23 21 11 16 12 11 10 Vi mdi quan he giura ""Roang Vip lual le" 21 Ve ten ggi cua cdc dieu luat, dai bo phan cac dieu luat luat nha Nguyen deu co ten goi gidng vdi cac dieu luat luat Thanh Co the tham khao bang noi dung co thay ddn vi hanh chinh tinh bang doanh trdn, ltfdc bo mot cau cuoi va ten cac dia phUdng liiu giQ ngiidi pham toi ltfu, toi do, dai the noi dung Bang 2: So sanh ten gpi giiia cac dieu luat cua Hodng Viet luat le va Dai Thanh lugt li (3) S6' liidng dieu luat So' liidng dilu Tong so dieuViet luat co ten goi giong luat luat co ten goi cua Hodng luat le Thanh khacluat Thanh Muc luc ve ten goi luat le 45 44 (dieu 44) 13 13 Lai luat Che quan chute Cong chuc thong dung 14 14 Dan 11 10 (dieu 74) Dien trach 10 (dieu 90) Hon nhan 16 16 Ho luat Thuong kho 22 22 Han thue' 2 Cho vay tien 3 Cam buon ban, hop chd 2 6 Ll luat Te tu Nghi che 20 19 l(dieu 164) Ve cam 16 16 Quan chinh 20 20 Binh Don canh xet tren dat 5 luat tren song Chan nuoi, chuong trai 5 Buu dich 12 12 Giac trom 28 28 Nhan mang 20 20 Danh Ion 22 21 (dieu 274) Mang nhiec 8 Kien thua 11 11 Hinh Nhan cua dut lot 9 luat Tra nguy 11 11 Pham gian 9 Tap pham 11 11 Bat cau luu 8 Phan quye't 29 29 6 Cong luat Xay cat De dieu 4 Ten cac muc Trong so' nhiing dieu luat khac ten ke tren thi co hai dieu (dieu luat thii 74 "dn lau dan dinh" va dieu luat thii 164 "Trd nhdn gia su") la cua rieng nha Nguyln, khong tham khao, chep luat nha Thanh Dieu luat thii 44 "Do Idu dia phUdng" cua "Hodng Viet luqt le" bo di hai chii "thien do" so vdi dieu lu&t thii 45 "Dd liiu thien dia phUdng" cua luat Thanh cua dieu luat "Do liiu thien dia phUdng" "Dai Thanh ludt le" van diidc bao liiu (4) Dieu luat thd 90 "Dao canh gid (0) quan ddn dien" cua luat Nguyen, so vdi dieu luat thd 96 "Dao canh chung (fll) quan ddn dien" luat Thanh khac mot chii nhiing noi dung hau nhu" khong cai bien chut nao so vdi luat Thanh (5) 22 flghien curu Lich sU so 2.2011 Dieu luat thd 274 "Ton that than bi du" (Ton that, than thuoc bi danh) "Hoang Viet luqt le" va dieu lu&t thii 305 "Ton that gidc la di thuqng thdn bi au" "Dai Thanh luqt le" ten goi bo bdt di bon chii "gidc la di thuqng" nhiing noi dung dieu luat chi bd bdt ddi tudng "gidc la di thUctng" cdn hinh phat la giohg dieu luat cua nha Thanh (6) xet xii" (8) Ve noi dung cua cdc dieu ludt, neu lam mot phep so sanh t i mi giiia "Hodng Viet ludt le" va "Dai Thanh luqt le" thi thay, ngoai trd nhiing dieu ke tren, cdn khoang Nhiing dieu luat thay ddi mot chii viet nhiing am doc va nghia van gidng (xem bang 3) Cac dieu luat cdn lai "Hodng Viet luqt le" khac "Dai Thanh ludt le" cd the phan may loai nhii sau: Thd nhdt, mot sd dieu luat cua "Hodng Viet ludt le" chi thay ddi mdt cho viet, cac noi dung khac van ghi nguyen Nhiing dieu luat thuoc loai chia hai loai nhd Tuy vay, cung can liiu y rang, khdng Bang 3: Stf thay doi chG viet tit Dai Thanh ludt le den Hodng Viet ludt le (9) Dai Thanh ludt le Hodng Viet ludt le ® (ge) (tao) ^ (huf) f@ (ge) i& (tao) m (hui) Y nghia Cai, con, qua Tron chay, thao chay Trd ve, quay lai vai chuc dieu luat Nguyen khong chep nguyen xi ma md phdng lai tren tinh than giu lai ten goi va nhiing ndi dung cd ban cua cac dieu luat nha Thanh cd cai bien chut it Cu the nhu sau: Phan "Danh ludt le", dieu luat thd 33 "Hda ngoai nhdn hiiu pham" (Giao hda ngudi nUdc ngoai pham tdi) cua "Hodng Viet luqt le" ten goi gid'ng dieu luat thd 34 cua "Dai Thanh luqt le" nhUng ndi dung thi hoan toan khac Luat Nguyln quy dinh: "Pham ngUdi nUdc ngoai (da hang phuc) ma pham tdi thi deu can cit theo luqt de xet NgUdi nUdc ngodi da den quy phu thi Id ddn cua nhd vua, neu mac tdi cd chieu theo luqt xet xit de chitng to khdng phai la ngoai" (7) Trong do, dieu luat cua nha Thanh ndi ve dd'i tUdng nhiing vung cdn lac hau pham toi: "Nhiing ngUdi vung lac hau (dd hang phuc) neu pham tdi van chieu theo luqt md xet xii Bdt duqc nhiing ngUdi d nhung viing le thudc vdn chieu theo li da dinh vdi ngUdi Mdng Co de Dieu luat cua Hodng Viet ludt le 1, 24, 26, 168, 191, 198, 364 65, 372 phai moi trUdng hdp chtf US deu viet chii {@, chii i& viet chu iit, chU [H] viet chii [E] "Hodng Viet luqt li" Nhieu dieu luat chu fU, M deu dUdc giU nguyen gid'ng nhu luat Thanh Hoae cd luc chinh luat Thanh cung dung chU IS, chu $k va chU [E] Nhiing chU tren dUdc viet khac van ban cua hai bo luat nhUng am doc va nghia deu gid'ng Do dd, sU thay ddi khdng lam bien ddi ndi dung cua dieu luat nen cd the coi ve cd ban nhiing dieu luat thuoc loai van gid'ng dieu luat cua nha Thanh Cung mot chU "Dai Thanh ludt li" nhUng dUdc viet nhieu chU khac "Hodng Viet luqt li" (xem bang 4) Su khac ddi chd am doc khac nhau, nghia cd khac biet chut it nhung cung khdng lam thay ddi nhUng ndi dung cd ban cua dieu luat, them niia chi cd mot Ve mdi quan hg giura "r?oang Viet luat le" 23 Bang 4: Sut thay doi chut viet tu! Dai Thanh ludt le den Hodng Viet ludt le (10) Dai Thanh ludt le Hoang Viet ludt le IE] (huf) El (huf) HI (huf) i f (gm) IS (fu) iS (hai) - con, vln r &w (dai) ?F- (zhuan) S (na) J*E (xuan) iff (chang) (reng) f j (he) f t (shu) % (wan) nguyen ven, ket thiic, hoan tfc (qi) m m ( u) i f (bei) (gu) P ^ (xiao) • sang fl (dan) s6m Dieu luat cua Hodng Viet luqt le 14, 16, 75, 76, 77, 84, 94, 95, 98, Trd ve, quay lai, quanh co, 103, 114, 115, 116, 117, 124, vong vo, tra loi, bao dap 134, 157, 162, 198, 209, 305, 317 Trd ve, quay lai 106, 108, 143 Trd ve, quay lai 80, 91, 220 Trd ve, quay ve 12, 13, 23 Trung lap, ch6p, tro di, trd 10, 24 lai Lua bip, lua gat 109, 207 Chuyen 123 Nap, tiep can, hudng thu 126, 137, 134, 194, 207 Xoay chuyen, tr6 ve, trd lai 198 Den, den bu, boi thudng 207, 392, 394 Dua vao, van 231 Hdp lai, tat ca, phu hdp 334 Van chuyen, quyen tSng, 391, 393 thua Hoan tat, xong xuoi, ket thiic 64 Ket qua 67 VUdn 77, 97, 98, 103, 108 Chuan bi, hoan bi 213 Kien co, vung chac 394 Y nghia Sang sdm chn khac biet nen nhiing dieu luat thuoc loai cung co the coi la nhiing dieu luat giohg luat Thanh Thii hai, mot so' dieu luat "Hodng Viet ludt le" hfoe bdt mot so' cau chQ lu&t nha Thanh Chang han, dieu luat thii 45 "Sung qudn dia phUdng" luat Nguyln ben canh viec thay the ddn vi hanh chinh tinh bang doanh, trdn va mot so' chii noi dung chinh da lutdc bo mot phan ra't ddi noi ve cac dia phuidng liiu giQ ngudi bi sung quan den luat Thanh Dieu luat ve "Che thu hdu vi" (Lam sai che thii (11) cda "Dai Thanh ludt le" co noi 200 dung la: "Phdm phung che thii dethi hdnh md (cd' tinh) vi pham (khdng thi hdnh) ddnh 100 tritang, vi pham menh lenh cua Hodng thdi td cung cung tdi Lam sai y chi deu diiOc gidm mdc tdi Thi hanh cham tri che thii va menh lenh cua Hodng thdi td ngdy ddnh 50 roi Cd chdm them mdt ngdy tang them mot mdc tdi Tdi ddnh den 100 roi thi thdi" (12) Ve noi dung nay, dieu lu^it 60 "Hodng Viet luqt le" quy dinh: "Phdm phung che thii de thi hdnh md (cd' tinh) vi pham Qihdng thi hanh) ddnh 100 trUOng Lam sai y chi deu diiqc gidm mdc tdi Thi hdnh chdm tre che thu ngdy ddnh 50 roi Cd chdm them mdt ngdy tdng them mdt mdc toi Tdi ddnh den 100 roi thi thdi" 24 (13) So vdi luat nha Thanh, luat Nguyln liidc bd menh lenh cua Hoang thdi tit Cau hide bd khong lam cho noi dung cua dieu lu$t thay ddi vi cac miic an phat deu giong nhiing cung cho thay thdi Thanh d Trung Quo'c quyen hanh cua hoang thai tri tiidng ddi ldn Nhiing menh lenh cua hoang thai td nhiing dieu kien nha't dinh ciing cd gia t r i nhu" menh lenh cua vua Dieu luat "Xudt sd bdt phung menh" (Di sii ve khdng tau trinh) "Bai Thanh ludt le" quy dinh: "Phdm phung che sac di sd (viec di sd dd xong) khong ve tdu trinh md tham dii vdo viec khdc (khong lien quan den viec di sd) thi bi ddnh 100 truqng Cdc nha mon di sd (de dat nhiing viec tinh vi de phe chudn vd nhiing viec duqc giao viec di sd da xong) khdng ve tdu trinh lqi tham du vdo viec khdc (tham dii vdo) viec binh thudng bi ddnh 70 truqng Neu Id viec quan quan thi bi ddnh 100 trUqng Neu (viec di sd chUa xong) vUqt ve li (ve li khdng Idm duqc), xdm pham ve phdn (phdn sU khdng duqc Idm), xdm pham vdo chiic nang lam viec cua ngUdi khdc, bi ddnh 50 roi Neu trd ve sau ngdy khdng giao nop thdnh chi (che sdc) phat 60 truqng, ngdy tdng them mdt bdc tdi, tdi ddnh den 100 roi thi thdi, neu khdng giao nop dn tin ddnh 40 roi, ngdy tang them mdt bdc tdi, tdi ddnh den 80 truqng thi thdi Neu (hodc viec di su! khdng binh thudng hodc thdnh chi, dn tin bi hong) md trdn tranh (khdng tdu trinh khdng giao nop) ludn theo tdi nang" (14) "Hodng Viet ludt le" ve ndi dung quy dinh: "Phdm phung che sac di sd (viec di sd dd xong) khdng ve tau trinh md tham du vdo viec khdc (khdng lien quan den viec di sd) thi bi ddnh 100 trUdng Cdc nha mdn di sii (de dat nhiing viec tinh vi de phe chudn vd nhiing viec dUdc giao phd viec di sd dd Rghien ciru Lich sir, so 2.2011 xong) khdng ve tdu trinh lqi tham dii vdo viec khdc (tham du vdo) viec binh thudng bi ddnh 70 trUdng Neu Id viec quan quan thi bi ddnh 100 trUdng Neu (viec di sd chUa xong) vUdt ve li (ve li khdng lam dUdc), xdm pham ve phdn (phdn sii khdng dUdc lam), xdm pham vdo chdc nang lam viec cua ngUdi khdc, bi ddnh 50 roi" (15) So vdi dieu luat cua "Bai Thanh ludt le" dieu luat cua nha Nguyen liidc bd mdt doan dai phia sau Viec liidc bd khdng lam thay ddi noi dung dieu luat ma chi lam cho dieu luat cua "Hodng Viet luqt le" khdng dai ddng nhiing kem tinh chi tiet, cu the so vdi dieu luat cua nha Thanh Cac dieu luat 78, 89, 132, 138, 139, 234, 355, 356, 391 cua "Hodng Viet luqt le" cung tiidng t i i nhii vay Nhiing dieu luat chi them vao hoae bdt di mot vai tii, mdt vai cau cdn ndi dung cd ban cua dieu luat luat Thanh hau nhii v&n diidc gidi lai nguyen ven va ban cha't cua dieu luat la khdng thay ddi Thii ba, mot so' dieu luat "Hodng Viet ludt le" da liidc bd, thay ddi mdt so'tieu tiet cua luat nha Thanh cho phu hdp vdi Viet Nam hdn Chang han, dieu luat "Ngu hinh" luat Thanh gay trUdng lam bang "true" diidc thay bang "song" luat Nguyln Mot sd' dieu luat thay ddi ddn vi hanh chinh tinh cua Trung Quo'c doanh, trdn cda Viet Nam, chiic danh ly trudng cua Trung Quo'c bang xd trudng cua Viet Nam Dieu hdp ly vdi thiet che xa hdi Viet Nam dau the" ky XIX "Hodng Viet luqt le" diidc ban hanh Nhiing dieu luat thudc loai ndy nhii dieu 32 "Xii quyet phan qudn", dieu 44 "Do lUu dia phUdng", dieu 45 "Sung qudn dia phUdng", dieu 80 "Bdo ti sai dich", dieu 141 "Tri te tu dien thdn ky" Vi moi quan he gitra "r}oang Vizi luat le" Luat Nguyln, dieu luat thd 222 "ThiCa quan sue sdn xa thuyen phu tU vdf (Cudi ngiia, ngdi tren thuyen cong mang kem theo rieng), chi bo bdt nhiing loai sue vat (la, Ida, lac da ) va coi xay (16) lai noi dung va miic hinh phat giohg hoan toan vdi dieu luat 252 cua luat Thanh Dieu luat thii 207 "Te sat md ngUu" (Danh giet ngiia trau) va dieu 210 "Tu td quan sue sdn" (Len miidn sue san cua nha quan) cua "Hodng Viet ludt le" chi loai bo mot so' vat nhu : la, Ida, lac da ve dai the noi dung cac miic hinh phat lan hidt giong vdi dieu luat thii 233 (17) va 236 (18) cua "Dai Thanh ludt le" Cac dieu luat 23, 209, 239, 317 cua "Hodng Viet luqt le" cung tiidng tii nhii vay Thu tU, hinh phat mot so'dieu luat cua "Hodng Viet luqt le" co thay doi chut it so vdi luat Thanh Dieu 140 "di dai tU khUu ddn" (Pha huy dan te ldn) cua luat Nguyen da thay doi hinh phat theo hiidng tang len so vdi luat Thanh Luat Thanh quy dinh: "Phdm phd huy, Idm hu hqi ddn te Dai tu khong ke Id vd tinh hay cd y deu xd phat 100 trUdng, bat di day xa 2000 dam Neu Id hang Di mdn (coi dap ddn te) thi gidm hai bdc (phat 100 truqng, hai nam rUdi)" (19) Trong do, luat Nguyen chi giam mot bac cho hang Di mon: "Phdm phd huy, lam hU hai ddn te Dai tU khdng ke Id vd tinh hay cdy deu xii phat 100 trUdng, bdt di day xa 2000 dam Neu Id hang Di mdn (coi ddp dan te) thi gidm mot bac (phat 100 trUdng, hai nam rUdi)" (20) Dieu 237 "Bach tru sang doat" (Ciidp giat giiia ban ngay) luat Thanh quy dinh: " Nguyen cung ngUdi khdc du dd hodc di bat tdi pham, nhan lay trdm ciia cdi, dd vdt thi tinh sd' tang vat, chudn theo ludt trdm cap ludn tdi Nhdn dd cudp gidt xd 25 ndng them mdc, tdi phat miic cao nhdt 100 trUdng, day di 2000 dam, miin thich chii " (21) Miic hinh phat luat Nguyen tang len so vdi luat Thanh td "ddy di 2000 dam" len "day di 3000 dam" (22) Thd nam, sii khac biet ldn nhat ve mat ndi dung cac dieu luat cua "Hodng Viet ludt le" va "Dai Thanh luqt le" chinh la d phan tieu chu Cac dieu luat cua nha Nguyen ve cd ban deu ke thifa tieu chu cua luat Thanh, nhiing nhiing triidng hdp nhat dinh cd them, bdt cho phu hdp hdn Muc dich cua viec la lam sang ro them ndi dung cua cac dieu luat chd khdng nham thay ddi ndi dung cua dieu luat Sd' liidng chQ cac tieu chii tang len khdng nhieu nen khdng lam ndi dung dieu luat bi riidm Lay dieu luat "ThUdng thu trdn ngdn" (Dang thii bay td y kien) lam vi du Luat Thanh quy dinh: "Pham cdc viec nhu chinh lenh dung sai cua qudc gia, hay dd cua qudn ddn, het thdy cdc viec hUng ldi trie hqi deu cdc quan sdu bp vdo yet kien tdu bay khu xie Cdc quan khoa dao, Ddc phu ndy phdi trinh bay y kien mdt cdch thdng than, khdng dUdc che giau " (23) Luat Nguyen quy dinh: "Phdm cdc viec nhu chinh lenh dung sai cua qudc gia, hay dd cua qudn ddn, hit thdy cdc viec hUng ldi trie hqi deu cdc quan sdu bd vdo yet kien tau bay khu xd Cdc quan khoa dao, Ddc phu (Ddc phu tdc quan doanh trdn) ndy phdi trinh bay y kien mdt cdch thang than, khdng dUdc che giau " (24) Cau giai thich "Ddc phu tdc quan doanh trdn" khdng cd luat Thanh nhiing diidc bd sung la tieu chu luat Nguyen de lam rd hdn chiic vu Ddc phu Cac dieu luat 67, 128, 145, 183, 185, 188, 196, 201, 206, 212 cung tiidng tii nhii vay Dac biet, gia tri cua nhiing tieu chu 26 cac dieu luat cua nha Nguyen la, doi khi, nhung trUdng hdp nhat dinh, luat Nguyen khdng chi tiep tuc sd dung cac tieu chu luat Thanh ma cdn bien cac tieu chu luat Thanh ndi dung chfnh cac dieu luat cua minh hoae ngUdc lai nhUng phan khdng phai la tieu chu luat Thanh lai trd tieu chu luat Nguyen Chang han, dieu luat "Phu dich bdt qudn" (Thue khoa, tap dich khdng deu), luat Thanh quy dinh: "Phdm cdc quan ti phdn thu thue lUdng vd bat phu phen tap dich deu phdi can cd vdo hien sdnhdn dinh so md dinh lap cdc hang sai dich cho diing Neu tha ngiidi giau, bat ngiidi ngheo ddi thd hang thi gdy te hqi, nen cho phep ddn ngheo bi bdc hai dd din cda quan td' cdo cdc cap tii dudi len trin Cdc quan ti ndy diu bi xii ddnh 100 trUdng (bdt phdi sda lqi cho dung) " (25) Luat Nguyen quy dinh: "Phdm cdc quan ti phdn thu thue lUOng vd bat phu phen tap dich deu phdi can cd vdo hien so' nhdn dinh sd' md dinh lap cdc hang sai dich cho diing Ni'u tha ngUdi giau, bat ngUdi ngheo ddi thd hang thi gdy ti hqi, nin cho phep ddn ngheo bi bdc hqi din cda quan td cdo cdc cap tii dudi lin trin Cdc quan ti deu bi xit ddnh 100 trUdng, bat phdi sua lai cho dung " (26) Cau cudi cung "bat phai sita lai cho dung" luat Thanh la tieu chu, luat Nguyen trd ndi dung chfnh cua dieu luat Cac dieu luat 108, 139, 140, 172, 173, 352, 397 cua luat Nguyln ciing thuoc loai Dieu luat "Cdng sU dng hanh ki trinh" (Viec cdng can kfp nhUng lai tram tre), luat Thanh quy dinh: "Pham cdng viec cdng co gidi theo vdt cdng, tu nhdn, siic vdt md nhiing ngUdi sai nhdn qudn ly dUa di md ddy dUa chdm chap vd tdt cd nhiing viec Rghien cum Lich sir, so 2.2011 cdng deu cd ky han md chdm tre, vi pham thdi han, chdm tri ngdy thi xii phat 20 roi " (27) Luat Nguyln quy dinh: "Phdm cdng viec cdng cd gidi theo dd vdt cdng, tu nhdn, sue vdt md nhiing ngUdi sai nhdn qudn ly dUa di md ddy dUa chdm chap vd nhiing viec (tdt cd Id cdng) deu cd ky han md chdm tri, vi pham thdi han, chdm tri thi xii phat 20 roi " (28) Cau "tdt cd la cdng" luat Thanh khdng la tieu chu thi trd tieu chu luat Nguyln Cac dieu luat thudc loai cdn cd dieu 271, 305, 364, 383 Trong mot sd' trUdng hdp, cac tieu chu dai, rUdm luat Thanh cung dUdc nha Nguyln lUdc bdt mdt phan hoae thay ddi cho phu hdp hdn vdi thUc tien xa hoi Viet Nam chang han nhu cac dieu luat 156, 197, 222, 321 Nhu vay, tdng sd' 398 dieu luat cua "Hoang Viet ludt le", ngoai trd dieu luat la cua rieng nha Nguyen, vai chuc dieu luat khac biet chut f t so vdi cac dieu luat cua nha Thanh, cac dieu luat cdn lai deu chep lai nguyen xi ten gpi lan ndi dung ke ca cac tieu chu cua cac dieu luat "Bai Thanh ludt li" Nhiing dieu luat dtfdc xem la khac biet cua "Hodng Viet luqt li" se vdi cac dieu luat cda "Bai Thanh ludt li" thi hoae la thay ddi mot vai chU, hoae la bd bdt mdt phan npi dung (mdt sd' cau dieu luat), mdt so' chi tiet khdng phu hdp vdi thtfc te xa hpi Viet Nam, hoae la thay ddi hinh phat theo hudng tang len so vdi luat Thanh, hoae la cai bien cac tieu chu Su khac biet theo chung tdi, chUa du de tao nen da'u an cda nen lap phap Viet cac dieu luat cua "Hodng Viet ludt li" nhUng nd the hien sU cd' gang, nd ldc cua cac nha lam luat thdi Nguyen qua trinh chep mdt bp luat cua mdt vUdng trieu khac d mdt quo'c gia khac, de bdt di sU khap khieng ap dung vao xa Ve md'i quan he giua 'T;oang Viet luat le" hoi Viet Nam thdi Nguyln Sd lifting va noi dung cac dieu le "Dqi Thanh luqt le", ngoai tru" viec chep gan nhu" nguyen xi cac dieu luat cua luat Minh thi nhiing dieu le di kem cac dieu luat diidc coi la mot nhiing net dac sac mang tinh thdi dai cua bd luat nha Thanh Vi, ngoai viec gui lai gan 300 dieu le cua luat Minh thi qua trinh phat trien trieu dai, "Dai Thanh luqt le" cung da them vao rat nhieu dieu le cho phu hdp vdi ddi hdi cua hien thiic xa hdi thdi Thanh Nhiing dieu le la sii bd sung va hoan thien hdn cac dieu luat, du sue dieu chinh nhiing quan he xa hdi mdi phat sinh qua trinh phat trien cua trieu dai, giup cho ngudi thi hanh luat va ngiidi thiic hien luat deu thuan tien So vdi "Dai Thanh luqt le" thi sd' liidng dieu le cua "Hoang Viet luat le" it hdn rat nhieu "Hoang Viet ludt le" chi cd 593 dieu le, "Dqi Thanh ludt le" cd den 1765 dieu le (29) Trong sd gan 600 dieu le nay, chi cd khoang tren dudi 50 dieu le la cua rieng nha Nguyen, mdt sd' dieu le cd thay ddi chut it ve mat ndi dung hay miic hinh phat Cdn lai, khoang hdn 300 dieu le la chep nguyen xi t i i "Dqi Thanh ludt le" Sii giam bdt cua sd' liidng cac dieu le "Hodng Viet ludt le" so vdi "Dqi Thanh ludt le" cho thay rd rang nhiing nha lam luat trieu Nguyen da cd nhiing khao sat, can nhac ky liidng de bdt di nhiing dieu le khdng phu hdp cua luat Thanh, giii lai nhiing dieu le phu hdp vdi xa hdi Viet Nam Sii it di rat nhieu so' liidng dieu le cua luat Nguyln so vdi luat Thanh cung cho thay tinh bao quat cua luat phap tren cac mat cua ddi sd'ng xa hdi luat Nguyln it nhieu se kem hdn so vdi luat Thanh va tat nhien mdc nghiem khac cua cac hinh 27 phat luat Thanh (md rdng dd'i tiidng pham tdi, dd'i tiidng bi lien ddi, miic hinh phat ) chSc chan cung giam di it nhieu luat Nguyen Lay dieu luat lien quan den tdi Mtfu phan lam vi du "Hoang Viet ludt le" va "Dqi Thanh ludt le" deu cd cac dieu luat: "Mitu phan dai nghich", "Miiu phdn", "Tqo yeu thU yeu ngdn" Luat Thanh cd 13 dieu le di kem dieu luat nay, thi luat Nguyln chi cd dieu Theo dd, dd'i tiidng pham tdi miiu phan, dd'i tiidng lien ddi khdng md rdng nhieu nhu" luat Thanh, miic hinh phat ciing nhe hdn so vdi luat Thanh (30) Trong nhiing dieu luat ve kinh te, "Hodng Viet ludt le" liidc bd hoan toan nhiing dieu luat lien quan den chinh sach ddc quyen dd'i vdi mudi, phen, che Do dd, hdn 30 dieu le cua cac dieu luat luat Thanh cung bi liidc bd luat Nguyln (31) Ve chinh sach "hdi cdm", luat Nguyen chi chep lai dieu luat thii 225 "Tii xudt ngoai cdnh cap vi cdm hq hdi" (Len xuat ngoai va pham ca'm xuo'ng bien) cua luat Thanh, liidc bd toan bd 36 dieu le kem theo dieu luat Dieu luat ciia nha Nguyen chi cd dieu le kem theo va khdng phai chep t i i luat Thanh (32) Vi the, chinh sach "hdi cdm" luat Nguyen khdng cd nhiing quy dinh cu the lien quan den viec di bien, ddng thuyen, budn ban, giao liiu vdi ngiidi midc ngoai nhii luat Thanh Va diidng nhien, dieu cung chiing to, cap cua chinh sach "hai cdm" cda nha Nguyen cung khdng manh me va nghiem ngat nhii nha Thanh, it nha't la d phifdng dien luat phap Tuy nhien, cung can phai thay rang nha Nguyen va nha Thanh deu tdn tai bd'i canh lich sd cd nhieu net tiidng ddng: cung la trieu dai cda mdt qudc gia theo hinh thai 28 Rghien euru Lich sd so 2.2011 che dd quan chu phUdng Ddng d giai doan cudi, cung phai dd'i mat vdi nhiing thach thiic lich sd trudc cd hoi phat trien cua quo'c gia Dieu dd quy dinh nhiing diem tiidng ddng nhat dinh chinh sach quan ly xa hdi va nhiing che dinh phap luat cua nha Nguyen va nha Thanh "Hodng Viet ludt le" thUc te da bao hiu rat nhieu nhiing dieu le (hdn 300 dieu) cua "Dqi Thanh ludt le", sd' dd, nhiing dieu le bao ve hat nhan cua che quan chu la hoang quyen va che gia triidng phu quyen gan nhu diipc gidi lai nguyen ven Chang han, ve tdi Mtfu phan, luat Nguyen cd dieu le di kem cac dieu luat, dd 3/6 dieu le la cua "Dai Thanh ludt le" Hoae nhii dieu luat "Biet tich di tdi" (Chia gia tai gia dinh khac danh hd), luat Nguyen cung giu" lai nguyen ven nhiing dieu le bao ve che gia triidng phu quyen cua dieu luat Ve luat Hon nhdn, "Hoang Viet luqt le" giuf lai 12/23 dieu le cua luat Thanh (nhiing dieu le cdn lai cua luat Thanh la nhQng quy dinh ve hdn nhan cua cac dan tdc thieu sd': Mdng Co, Hdi ) Trong so nhung dieu le cd nhiing dieu da tiidc bd hoan toan quyen t i i hdn nhan nam nti Viec hdn nhan deu bat budc phai tuan theo sii sap xep cua dng ba, cha me hoae nhiing ngiidi than * Tren day la nhiing khao cdu biidc dau ve md'i quan he giiia hai bo luat cua nha Nguyln va nha Thanh (chu yeu diidi gdc van ban) Ket qua hi vong se la ngudn tham khao de cac nha luat hoc, nha sd hoc them mdt gdc nhin ve bd luat "Hodng Viet ludt le" nhiing bai viet sau, chiing tdi se dd'i chieu ky liidng hdn bd luat "Hodng Viet luqt le", nhat la phan Le va dat nd md'i ttfdng quan vdi cac bo luat khac cua Trung Hoa phong kien (nhii luat nha Minh) de cd the lam rd them mot sd' diem ve dac diem va tinh chat cua bd luat "Hoang Viet luqt le" CHU THICH (1) Chung toi da trinh bay van de cl mot (5) Xin xem them: fi M i f ¥\ • # A F cong trinh nghien cuu khac co ten goi la: "Dai fti ffl ? (Hoang Viet ludt le, Quyen 6, Ho luat, Thanh ludt le" da ke thila vd phdt trien ludt nhd Dien trach, sdd); ± ?f? W ¥\ > # %, F W • ffl Minh nhii the ndo 3£ (Dai Thanh ludt le, Quyen 9, Ho luat, Dien (2), (3), (9), (10) So lieu tdng hop tii: 1 trach, sdd) M (Hodng Viet ludt le - Ban chii Han luu tai Vien (6) Xin xem them: fi M W ®i • # + TT M Su hoc, ky hieu: HV497); iz ffi" i t W (Dai Thanh I t 13 IS (Hodng Viet ludt le, Quyen 15, Hinh ludt le - Ban chu Han dien tii) luat, Dau au, sdd); ± f% \f\, # r + Ti., JfiJ 4 M & (Dai Thanh ludt le, Quyen 27, Hinh (4) Xin xem them: S & W iH - # — - 45 # \¥\ ± (Hoang Viet luat le, Quyen 3, Danh luat luat, Da'u au, sdd) le ha, sdd); * ?f & 0j , # £ , 45 W W ± (7) ± m W W « Ti 4? it M T (Dai Thanh (Dai Thanh ludt le, Quyen 5, Danh luat le ha, sdd) ludt le, Quyen 5, Danh luat le ha, sdd) Ve moi quan he giOra 'Tjoang Viet luat le" (8) a m w m • % = 45 # #J T cffoang- vie* lugt le, Quyen 3, Danh luat le ha, sdd) 29 (22) ft m W « m + ~ , JW {* K £ + {Hodng Viet ludt le, Quyln 12, Hinh luat, Dao tac trung, sdd) (11) Che thu la chep lai ldi cua vua, nhu cac loai chieu xa, du, sac (23) ± m w m • % - + - m w • m m (Dai (12) ± m w m > # -t - i w i> A (©?; Thanh ludt le, Quyen 21, L i luat, Nghi che, sdd) Thanh lugt le, Quyen 7, Lai luat, Cong thuc, sdd) (24) ft jffi W W # 7L *t # {« $ij (Hodng Viet ludt le, Quyen 9, L l luat, Nghi che, d3) ± m w 9\> # E se & ^ sdd) {Hodng Viet ludt le, Quyen 5, Lai luat, Cong thuc, sdd) (25) k H WW' # A F # J TS (Bai (14) % m W ®1 • # t J f l , £ i t (Bai Thanh ludt le, Quyen 8, Ho luat, Ho dich, sdd) Thanh ludt le, Quyen 7, Lai luat, Cong thuc, sdd) (26) s m w m < # A , p #: ^ f£ (Hodng Viet ludt le, Quyen 6, Ho luat, Hp dich, as) ± m w # s * & s sdd) {Hodng Viet ludt le, Quyen 5, Lai luat, Cong thiic, sdd) (27) * ?t & $ j , # + mm (Dai Thanh ludt le, Quyen 22, Binh luat, Buu dich, (16) # + - , ft # , » m {Hodng Viet luat le, Quyen 11, Binh luat, Buu dich, sdd); sdd) ± f t W ®\< % " + ft » f? {Dai (28) ft m W M - # + - ^ # »W (Hodn Thanh ludt le, Quyen 22, Binh luat, Buu dich, Fie< /ug^ le, Quyen 11, Binh luat, Buu dich, sdd) sdd) (29) So lieu tdng hop tit: ft jffi W W (Hodng (17) ft & # M > # + - ft W m ft Cfifod/ig- Viet ludt IS), sdd; ± ffi #: f^i (Bai TAareA iuai le), Vie* /ug/I ie, Quyen 11, Binh luat, Cuu muc, sdd); sdd kin WW # r +• - , ft W • M ft (Bai TTian/i oo).in#j, # T — > m w< is i /uat le, Quye'n 21, Binh luat, Cuu muc, sdd) (Hodng Viet ludt le, Quyen 12, Hinh luat, Dao tac (is), s m w m # + - ft t t JSEft(Fodftg thudng, sdd); ff'J Viei /izgf ie, Quyen 11, Binh luat, Ctiu muc, sdd); W> M S - h (Bai TTianA iuai ?e, Quyen 23, Hinh it # m • # ' + - , ft #:, )ca ft (Bai TAareA luat, Dao tac thupng, sdd) /ugi le, Quyen 21, Binh luat, Cuu muc, sdd) (31) * m HD.St= ^.SS (Bai (19) * « m 0J , # + -fc , $ , %fr;(Bai Thanh ludt le, Quyen 13, Ho luat, Khoa trinh, Thanh luat le, Quyen 17, L i luat, Tetu, sdd) sdd) ff (20) ft M # #J # % • W W S ffi (flodn^ Viei /ugf ie, Quyen 9, L i luat, Tetu, sdd) 02) ft m w m % + - ft # m w (Hodng Viet ludt le, Quyen 11, Binh luat, Quan tan, Sdd); k W W ¥1 • # - T - ft «t H ?• (21) ± ^ w w • « • + ra, * j w • m •&