REWRITING ĐỀ 1 The local economy has made great progress for the last five years => Great process 2: Don't invent excuses in order not to them Don’t make Themilkman appears to be runningawayfromyourfiercedog It looks as if _ 4: He was very sorry that he didn't see Andrey on her trip to London He greatly regretted My professor will retire next month after teaching chemistry for twenty years After my professor The local economy has made great progress for the last five years => Great process Great process has been made by the local economy for the last five years Dịch nghĩa: Nền kinh tế địa phương có nhiều tiến đáng kể năm năm trở lại Make progress: tiến 2: Don't invent excuses in order not to them Don’t make Don’t make excuses in order not to them Giải thích: Make excuse = invent excuse: bịa lí để biện hộ cho Dịch nghĩa: Đừng bịa lí dó để làm chúng Themilkman appears to be runningawayfromyourfiercedog It looks as if It looks as if the milkman is running away from your fierce dog Giải thích: as if/ as though (như là) + khứ: diễn tả tưởng tượng có Những ví dụ “nhìn vừa gặp ma” điều k thể xảy ta dùng khứ as if/ as though (như là) + : diễn tả tưởng tượng có Ở câu này, việc người đưa sữa nhìn la chạy khỏi chó điều hoàn toàn xảy nên ta dùng mẫu câu Dịch nghĩa: Người đưa sữa chạy khỏi chó bạn 4: He was very sorry that he didn't see Andrey on her trip to London He greatly regretted He greatly regretted not seeing Andrey on her trip to London Giải thích: Tobe sorry that: lấy làm tiếc Regret V_ing: hối hận làm trước Regret to V: buồn phải làm Ở người nói hối hận k gặp Andrey chuyến đi, chuyện xảy Dịch nghĩa: Anh ta lấy làm hối hận không gặp Andrey chuyến cô tới London ĐỀ 1: The school children sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow If the school children 2: They have just sold the last ticket for the performance to a student The last ticket _ 3: ‘I am sorry for coming late', said Alice to her teacher Alice apologized 4.“I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number” said Paula to Susan Paula apologized 5: “I’m sorry, I didn’t call you this morning,” Tom said to Mary Tom apologised 1: The school children sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow If the school children If the school children hadn’t forgotten to water some seeds, they would have grown 2: They have just sold the last ticket for the performance to a student The last ticket _ The last ticket for the performance has just been sold out to a student 3: ‘I am sorry for coming late', said Alice to her teacher Alice apologized Alice apologized to her teacher for being late Giải thích: apologize to somebody for something: xin lỗi việc Dịch nghĩa: Alice xin lỗi cô giáo đến trễ 4.“I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number” said Paula to Susan Paula apologized => Paula apologized to Susan for giving/ having given her the wrong number Giải thích: apologize to somebody for V_ing: xin lỗi làm Dịch nghĩa: Paula xin lỗi Susan đưa nhầm số cho cô 5: “I’m sorry, I didn’t call you this morning,” Tom said to Mary Tom apologised _ Tom apologised for not calling/having called Mary that morning Giải thích: apologize to somebody for V_ing: xin lỗi việc Dịch nghĩa: Tom xin lỗi không gọi cho Mary sáng hôm ĐỀ There was a lot of noise, and I couldn’t hear her calling There was so 2: He doesn’t have much money, so he can’t buy a luxury car If _ 3.The book is so interesting that it has become the best-seller of this year It is 4: “I don’t know what you are talking about,” George said to me George said to me that _ 5: People say that Jenny lived in Texas, America for years Jenny _ There was a lot of noise, and I couldn’t hear her calling There was so There was so much noise that I couldn’t hear her calling Giải thích: so….that…: quá…đến nỗi mà Dịch nghĩa: Quá nhiều tiếng ồn nghe cô gọi 2: He doesn’t have much money, so he can’t buy a luxury car If If he had much money, he could buy a luxury car Giải thích: Câu gốc tại, nghĩa nói thật Khi chuyển sang câu điều kiện, ta giả sử hành động thật tại, tức dùng câu điều kiện loại II: If S Vqk, S would/could/ might V Dịch nghĩa: Nếu có nhiều tiền, mua ô tô sang trọng 3.The book is so interesting that it has become the best-seller of this year It is _ => It is such an interesting book that it has become the best-seller of this year Giải thích: Để nói “quá mà” ta có cấu trúc: So adj/adv that… Such (a/an) adj N that… Dịch nghĩa: Cuốn sách hay mà trở thành sách bán chạy năm 4: “I don’t know what you are talking about,” George said to me George said to me that _ George said to me that he didn’t know what I was talking about 5: People say that Jenny lived in Texas, America for years Jenny _ Jenny is said to have lived in Texas, America for years Giải thích: Khi chuyển sang bị động, động từ say bị chuyển sang bị động giữ nguyên is said (do chủ ngữ người nên dùng is) Với động từ thứ hai lived (ở khứ), bị lùi lại thời gian so với từ thứ (say) nên ta dùng cấu trúc said to have Vpp Còn hai động từ tại- khứ - khứ, ta dùng said to V Dịch nghĩa: Người ta nói Jenny sống Texas, Mỹ năm My professor will retire next month after teaching chemistry for twenty years After my professor….……………………………………………………………………………… After my professor… has finished teaching chemistry for twenty years, she/ he will retire next month Dịch nghĩa: Giáo sư nghỉ hưu vào tháng tới sau giảng dạy hóa học vòng 20 năm ĐỀ The teacher had only just come in the room when the fire alarm rang => Hardly 2: Someone almost certainly broke the window on purpose =>The window must _ People sayhewonalotof moneyon the lottery He _ 4: The plane had hardly left the airport when the accident happened =>No sooner _ Having done the test well, Tom hoped to be given a good mark =>Tom hoped………………………………………………………………………………… The teacher had only just come in the room when the fire alarm rang => Hardly Hardly had the teacher come in the room when the fire alarm rang Dịch nghĩa: Giáo viên vừa vào lớp chuông báo cháy kêu Hardly had S Vpp when S Vqk: Việc vừa xảy có việc khác xảy 2: Someone almost certainly broke the window on purpose The window must _ Giải thích: Must V: nghĩa “phải làm gì”, cụm dùng để dự đoán không chắn hành động Must have Vpp: dự đoán không chắn hành động khứ Ở dự đoán cửa sổ bị làm vỡ khứ nên dùng cấu trúc must have Vpp On purpose: có mục đích, dự tính trước, trái nghĩa với by accident: vô tình, không cố ý Dịch nghĩa: Chắc hẳn cửa sổ bị phá có chủ đích People sayhewonalotof moneyon the lottery He _ Heis said to have won a lot of money on the lottery Giải thích: động từ say nên chuyển sang bị động giữ nguyên say won bị lệch thì, won khứ, lùi so với say nên ta dùng is said to have Vpp có câu is said to have won Trong trường hợp hai động từ thì, ta dùng to V mà không dùng to have Vpp Dịch nghĩa: Người ta nói kiếm nhiều tiền từ xổ số 4: The plane had hardly left the airport when the accident happened No sooner _ No sooner had the plane left the airport than the accident happened Giải thích: Hardly (adj) khi, tức khắc, gần không Ở dùng với nghĩa tức khắc, vừa No sooner had S Vpp than S Vqk: Ngay khi…thì… Dịch nghĩa: Ngay máy bay rời khỏi sân bay tai nạn xảy Having done the test well, Tom hoped to be given a good mark Tom hoped _ Tom hoped… to be given a good mark as he had done the test well Giải thích:hope to V: mong chờ, hi vọng Dịch nghĩa: Sau hoàn thành kiểm tra tốt, Tom hi vọng anh điểm cao ĐỀ 1: Most people think Nigel is the best racing driver in the world Nigel is considered Even though someevents werecancelled, thousands of peopleattended the festival =>Despite It is said that the driver was falling asleep at that time The driver………………………………………………………………………………… 4: Although he was ill, he visited other ruins =>In spite No other student in his school is as successful as Pat => Pat is 1: Most people think Nigel is the best racing driver in the world Nigel is considered Nigel is considered to be the the best racing driver in the world Giải thích: Khi chuyển sang bị động, động từ thứ (think, say, believe, consider,…) ta giữ nguyên Ở từ gốc đơn nên chuyển sang bị động ta có đơn is considered Động từ thứ hai, chia giống với động từ thứ ta dùng to V; lùi (từ thứ hai khứ, từ thứ tại) ta dùng to have Vpp Ở think – is chia nên ta dùng to V cụm to be the best… Dịch nghĩa:Nigel coi dòng sông đua tuyệt vời giới Even though someevents werecancelled, thousands of peopleattended the festival Despite the cancellation of some events, thousands of people attended the festival Hoặc Despite cancelling some events, thousands of peopleattended the festival Giải thích: Despite + N/V_ing = In spite of + N/V_ing = Although/Even though + mệnh đề: Dịch nghĩa: Mặc dù vài kiện bị hủy, hàng nghìn người đến tham dự lễ hội It is said that the driver was falling asleep at that time The driver………………………………………………………………………………… The driver…is said to have been falling asleep at that time Giải thích: Câu bị động đặc biệt: động từ thứ (say, think, believe, claim, …) động từ câu nên chuyển sang bị động giữ nguyên Nếu động từ thứ hai với động từ thứ dùng to V, lệch thì dùng to have Vpp Ở động từ thứ is said chia tại, động từ thứ hai was falling chia khứ - lệch nên ta dùng to have Vpp, ta to have been falling Dịch nghĩa: Người lái xe bị nói ngủ thời điểm 4: Although he was ill, he visited other ruins =>In spite =>In spite of his illness, he visited other ruins =>Hoặc In spite of being ill, he visited other ruins Giải thích: Although + mệnh đề = In spite of/ Despite + N/V_ing: Dịch nghĩa: Mặc dù bị ốm, anh đến kiểm tra mức độ hư hại No other student in his school is as successful as Pat => Pat is Pat is the most successful student in his school Dịch nghĩa: Không học sinh trường thành công Pat ĐỀ Hoa exclaimed that my dress was beautiful Hoa said: 2: “Unless I receive her letter tomorrow, I’ll phone her,” said Nam Nam said that if _ Yoursillys distracted me You drove 4: “If you cause problem, I’ll arrest you,” the policeman told me =>The policeman warned _ To everyone’s surprise, the experiment failed => The experiment completely Hoa exclaimed that my dress was beautiful Hoa said: Hoa said: “……… How beautiful your dress is!/ What a beautiful dress you have” Giải thích: Cấu trúc cảm thán: How adj/adv S V! What (a/an) adj N! Vì chuyển sang gián tiếp ta lùi thì, nên câu này, câu gián tiếp khứ câu trực tiếp động từ phải chia Dịch nghĩa: Hoa khen váy đẹp 2: “Unless I receive her letter tomorrow, I’ll phone her,” said Nam Nam said that if _ Nam said that if he didn’t receive her letter the next day/ the following day/ the day after, he would phone her Giải thích: Khi chuyển sang gián tiếp ta lùi thì: đơn khứ đơn (receive => recerived, unless = if not nên dùng if ta phải dùng trợ động từ thêm not không chia động từ receive nữa), will => would Ngoài cần thay đổi trạng ngữ thời gian: tomorrow =>the next day/ the following day/ the day after Dịch nghĩa: Nam nói không nhận thư cô vào ngày tới, anh gọi cho cô Yoursillys distracted me Youdrove me to distraction with your silly s Giải thích: drive somebody to distraction with something: khiến tập trung Dịch nghĩa: Những câu hỏi ngớ ngẩn bạn làm tập trung 4: “If you cause problem, I’ll arrest you,” the policeman told me =>The policeman warned _ =>The policeman warned me that if I caused problem, he would arrest me Giải thích: warn (somebody) that: cảnh cáo warn somebody against/ about something: cảnh cáo không làm Ở kiểm tra câu gián tiếp, chuyển sang gián tiếp, ta lùi bậc: khứ, will => would Dịch nghĩa: Cảnh sát cảnh cáo tôi gây rắc rối, bắt lại To everyone’s surprise, the experiment failed => The experiment completely The experiment completely failed, which surprised everyone Or The experiment completely failed, and everyone was surprised Or The experiment completely failed, which made everyone surprised Dịch nghĩa: Tất người ngạc nhiên nghiệm thất bại ĐỀ My mother started cooking for the party two hours ago My mother has _ 2:“You had better go to the doctor if you have a pain in your neck, Mary”, Peter said Peter suggested 3: Collecting stamps from foreign countries is one of Jane’s interests Jane is 4: What the politician was saying fell on deaf ears last night No one 5: Mr Smith knew little about the Internet, so he didn’t invest in any computer companies If Mr Smith My mother started cooking for the party two hours ago My mother has _ => My mother has been cooking for the party for two hours Giải thích: start V_ing/ to V: bắt đầu làm Để nhấn mạnh trình, thời gian làm, ta dùng hoàn thành tiếp diễn have been V_ing Dịch nghĩa: Mẹ nấu nướng cho bữa tiệc 2h 2:“You had better go to the doctor if you have a pain in your neck, Mary”, Peter said Peter suggested _ Peter suggested (that) Mary (should) go to the doctor if she had a pain in her neck Giải thích: Suggest somebody (should) something: gợi ý làm gì, should bỏ phải giữ nguyên động từ dạng nguyên thể Khi chuyển sang gián tiếp, ta lùi từ sang khứ (have => had) thay đổi tân ngữ, sở hữu cách cho phù hợp (you => she, your => her) Dịch nghĩa: Peter gợi ý Mary nên đến khám bác sĩ cô bị đau cổ 3: Collecting stamps from foreign countries is one of Jane’s interests Jane is Jane is interested in collecting stamps from foreign countries 4.In spite of the bad weather, they had a wonderful holiday Although => Although the weather was bad, they had a wonderful holiday Giải thích: In spite of + N/V_ing = Although + mệnh đề: Dịch nghĩa: Mặc dù thời tiết xấu, có kì nghỉ tuyệt vời 4: What the politician was saying fell on deaf ears last night No one _No one listened to the politician last night Giải thích: fall on deaf ears: không nghe Dịch nghĩa: Không lắng nghe nhà trị gia tối qua 5: Mr Smith knew little about the Internet, so he didn’t invest in any computer companies If Mr Smith _ If Mr Smith had known something /more /a little more /some moreabout the Internet, he would have invested into some computer companies Giải thích: Dùng câu điều kiện loại III để giả sử tình trái với thực tế khứ If S had Vpp, S would have Vpp Dịch nghĩa: Nếu ông Smith biết nhiều Internet, ông đầu từ vào công ty máy tính ĐỀ 1:I haven’t seen him for twenty years It is _ We have tested the new system several times before The new system 3: ‘I am sorry for coming late', said Alice to her teacher Alice apologized _ 4: The Roman coins are now on display in the national Museum A local farmer came across them in a field The Roman coins which _ 5: The tea was too hot for Peter to drink The tea was so _ 1:I haven’t seen him for twenty years It is _ It is twenty years since I (last) saw him Giải thích: It is + khoảng thời gian + since + mệnh đề khứ: kể từ Dịch nghĩa: Đã hai mươi năm kể từ gặp lần cuối We have tested the new system several times before The new system The new system has been test several times before Giải thích: Chuyển sang bị động Dịch nghĩa: Hệ thống kiểm tra vài lần trước 3: ‘I am sorry for coming late', said Alice to her teacher Alice apologized Alice apologized to her teacher for being late Giải thích: apologize to somebody for something: xin lỗi việc Dịch nghĩa: Alice xin lỗi cô giáo đến trễ 4: The Roman coins are now on display in the national Museum A local farmer came across them in a field The Roman coins which _ The Roman coins which a local farmer came across in a field are now on display in the national Museum 5: The tea was too hot for Peter to drink The tea was so The tea was so hot that Peter couldn’t drink it Giải thích: Tobe too adj to V: …không thể… So…that….: …đến nỗi mà Dịch nghĩa: Trà nóng mà Peter uống ĐỀ Don’t leave the lights on all night, you will waste electricity > If The furniture was too old to keep > It was Gary is the best guitarist in her class > No one else Since the invention of computer, people have saved a lot of time > Since the computer was It’s necessary for everybody to clean up their neighborhood once a week > Everybody Don’t leave the lights on all night, you will waste electricity If you leave the lights on all night, you will waste electricity The furniture was too old to keep It was such old furniture that we couldn’t keep it Gary is the best guitarist in her class No one else in Gary’s class plays the guitar as well as her Since the invention of computer, people have saved a lot of time Since the computer was invented, people have saved a lot of time It’s necessary for everybody to clean up their neighborhood once a week Everybody needs to clean up their neighborhood once a week ĐỀ 10 “You had better keep your room tidy, Tim”, said Omega Omega People think that he is an excellent football player He 3:People say that he works as a professional football player in America He is 4:“Please don’t leave me!” Jenny begged her boyfriend Jenny pleaded _ 5: I last had my hair cut when I left her I haven’t “You had better keep your room tidy, Tim”, said Omega Omega Omega advised Tim to keep his room tidy Giải thích: advise somebody to V: khuyên làm Had better V: nên làm Dịch nghĩa: Omega khuyên Tim nên giữ phòng anh gọn gàng People think that he is an excellent football player He => He is thought to be an excellent football player Giải thích: Khi chuyển sang bị động, ta giữ nguyên động từ thứ (think/say/ believe/ …) Với động từ thứ hai, lùi so với động từ thứ ta dùng to have Vpp, với động từ thứ ta dùng to V Ở đây, think is đơn nên ta dùng to V: to be an excellent football player Dịch nghĩa: Người ta cho anh cầu thủ bóng đá xuất sắc 3: People say that he works as a professional football player in America He is _ He is said to work as a professional football player in America Giải thích: Chuyển sang bị động giữ nguyên (say => is said) Vì động từ (say) động từ (works) thời gian (hiện tại) nên ta dùng cấu trúc: is said/believed/thought to V Còn hai động từ lệch (động từ khứ, động từ tại) ta thay to V thành to have Vpp, tobe giữ nguyên so với động từ Dịch nghĩa: Người ta nói cầu thủ bóng đá chuyên nghiệp Mỹ 4: “Please don’t leave me!” Jenny begged her boyfriend Jenny pleaded _ Jenny pleaded with her boyfriend not to leave her Giải thích: Plead with somebody to V: van xin làm Beg: cầu xin Dịch nghĩa: Jenny van xin bạn trai đừng bỏ cô 5: I last had my hair cut when I left her I haven’t I haven’t had my hair cut since I left her Giải thích: Have somethong done: nhờ làm Với câu có last – lần cuối ta thường chuyển sang hoàn thành với since/ for Dịch nghĩa: Lần cuối cắt tóc bỏ cô ĐỀ 11 1: It was such a boring documentary film that she fell asleep The documentary film _ 2: You are wearing a beautiful dress today!", Susan said to Mary Susan paid No one plays this piece of music as beautifully as he does He plays _ 4.It’s not worth asking the manager for a day off There is _ 5: Immediately after his arrival, things went wrong No sooner 1: It was such a boring documentary film that she fell asleep The documentary film Susan paid Mary a compliment on her dress that day Giải thích: Pay somebody a compliment on: dành cho lời khen Chuyển sang gián tiếp, chuyển today thành that day Dịch nghĩa: Susan dành lời khen cho Mary váy cô hôm 2: You are wearing a beautiful dress today!", Susan said to Mary Susan paid Susan paid Mary a compliment on her dress that day Giải thích: Pay somebody a compliment on: dành cho lời khen Chuyển sang gián tiếp, chuyển today thành that day Dịch nghĩa: Susan dành lời khen cho Mary váy cô hôm No one plays this piece of music as beautifully as he does He plays _ He plays this piece of music the most beautifully Hoặc He plays this piece of music more beautifully than anyone does Dịch nghĩa: Anh chơi nhạc hay 4.It’s not worth asking the manager for a day off There is _ There is no point in asking the manager for a day off Giải thích: It’s worth V_ing: đáng làm There is no point (in) V_ing: ích làm Dịch nghĩa: Không có ích xin giám đốc ngày nghỉ 5: Immediately after his arrival, things went wrong No sooner _ No sooner had he arrived than things went wrong Giải thích: No sooner had S Vpp than S Vqk: Ngay khi…thì… Dịch nghĩa: Ngay đến nơi thứ rối beng lên ĐỀ 12 You should take the train instead of the bus > If I’m sure that someone forgot to lock the door > Someone must They bought this house ten years ago > They have The course finished with a big party > At the end We invited a pop star onto the chat show, but he didn’t turn up > The pop star 1.If I were you, I’d take the train instead of the bus 2.Someone must have forgotten to lock the door 3.They have bought this house for ten years 4.At the end of the course, there was a big party 5.The pop star that/ who/ whom we invited onto the chatshow didn’t turn up ĐỀ 13 Although she said that she would come, I don’t think she ever will > Despite The plane had hardly left the airport when the accident happened > No sooner You feel tired now because you didn’t sleep very well last night > Had When did you start the project? > How long Their wedding will be held in a lovely church > The church Although she said that she would come, I don’t think she ever will Despite her saying that she would come, I don’t think she ever will The plane had hardly left the airport when the accident happened No sooner had the plane left the airport than the accident happened You feel tired now because you didn’t sleep very well last night Had you slept well last night, you wouldn’t feel tired now When did you start the project? How long is it since you started the project ? Their wedding will be held in a lovely church The church where their wedding will be held is lovely ĐỀ 14 “Why don’t we go out for a walk?” > My father suggested In spite of his age, Mr Benson runs miles before breakfast > Though I was very interested in our conversation > It was interesting Why did you that ? > Whatever ? These bookshelves are my own work > I made “Why don’t we go out for a walk?” My father suggested we should go out for a while./ going out for a while In spite of his age, Mr Benson runs miles before breakfast Though Mr.Benson is old, He runs miles before breakfast I was very interested in our conversation It was interesting to talk to you Why did you that ? Whatever did you that for ? These bookshelves are my own work I made these bookshelves myself ĐỀ 15 He said he was not guilty of stealing the car > He denied Is this the only way to reach the city centre? > Isn’t there ? He never suspected that the money had been stolen > At no time It’s my opinion that you should take more exersise > If I I was going to leave, but because of what he said, I didn’t > She persuaded He said he was not guilty of stealing the car He denied for stealing (having stolen) the car/ that he had stolen the car Is this the only way to reach the city centre? Isn’t there (another way/ some other way/ any other way)(to/ to reach/ reaching) the city centre He never suspected that the money had been stolen At no time did he suspect (that) the money had been stolen/ someone had stolen the money It’s my opinion that you should take more exersise If I were you, I’d take more exercise I was going to leave, but because of what he said, I didn’t She persuaded me not to leave