UNIT 9: NATURE IN DANGER THIÊN NHIÊN ĐANG BỊ ĐE DỌA  VOCABULRY A. READING (pages 126-129) adventure (n) sự phiêu lưu attempt (v) cố gắng backpack (n) cái ba lô đeo trên vai battery (n) pin, bình trữ điện be in danger (exp) lâm vào cảnh nguy hiểm break (v) ngắt, bẻ gãy breathe (v) thở canister (n) bình chứa carve (v) khắc, chạm clean up thu dọn clim up / down leo lên / xuống danger (n) sự nguy hiểm deforestation (n) nạn phá rừng deposit (n) tiền đặt cọc dispose of (v) vứt bỏ ensure (v) bảo đảm environmental (adj) thuộc về môi trường expedition (n) (cuộc) thám hiểm explode (v) bùng nổ flashlight (n) đèn pin fuel (n) nhiên liệu hallucinate (v) gợi ảo giác illegal (adj) phi pháp junkyard (n) nơi chứa phế liệu Mt = Mount (n) núi pick (v) hái porter (n) người khuân vác provide sb with sth (v) cung cấp register (v) đăng ký rock (n) tảng đá route (n) tuyến đường Southeast Ridge phía Đông Nam summit (n) đỉnh (núi) B. LISTENING (pages 129-131 awareness (n) ý thức destroy (v) phá hủy disturb (v) phá vỡ sự yên tónh dolphin (n) cá heo effect (n) tác dụng engine (n) động cơ harm (n) gây thiệt hại path (n) đường mòn protect (v) phá hủy soil (n) đất trồng stress (n) sự căng thẳng vegetation (n) thực vật whale (n) cá voi wildlife (n) đời sống hoang dã C. SPEAKING (pages 131-134) binocular (n) ống nhòm brochure (n) sách hướng dẫn du lòch explanation (n) giải thích feed (v) cho ăn pollute (v) làm ô nhiễm hike (n) cuộc đi bộ đường dài life jacket (n) áo phao litter (n) rác xả (v) xả rác Mount Fuji National Park Công Viên Quốc Gia Núi Phú Só Vocabulary & Grammar for English 11 Lê Ngọc Thạch nest (v) làm tổ note (n) ghi chú shout (n) la hét strong (adj) mạnh sunglasses (n) kính mát sunlight (n) ánh sáng mặt trời D. WRITING (pages 134-135) Acres Burned in the USA Các đồng cỏ bò cháy ở Mỹ cleanup (v) thu gom comparison (n) so sánh contrast (n) đối chiếu cover (n) bảo vệ deforestation (n) sự phá rừng examine (n) khảo sát loss (n) sự bảo vệ Southeast Asia Đông Nam Á E. LANGUAGE FOCUS (pages 135-138) ban (v) cấm compulsory (adj) bắt buộc crane (n) con sếu disappear (v) biến mất discuss (v) thảo luận flock (n) đàn, bầy gamekeeper (n) người được thuê để nuôi và bảo vệ thú poacher (n) xâm phạm tài sản, người săn trộm route (n) tuyến đường Trang 2  WORD STUDY * Suffix - al (Tiếp vò ngữ - al) Thêm Suffix - al vào sau: 1. Danh từ để thành lập tính từ Noun + al  Adjective Ex: education + al  educational (có tính giáo dục) remedy + al  remedial (dành cho học sinh yếu kém) post + al  postal (thuộc bưu điện) option + al  optional (không bắt buộc) 2. Động từ để thành lập danh từ Verb + al  Noun Ex: refuse + al  refusal (lời từ chối) propose + al  proposal (lời đề nghò) rent + al  rental (tiền thuê) dispose + al  disposal (sự tống khứ)  GRAMMAR * Reduced relative clauses (mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn) 1. Relative clauses replaced by to-infinitive (Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế bởi động từ nguyên mẫu có TO) Khi rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ, dùng to-infinitive trong các trường hợp sau: a. Sau số thứ tự (the first, the second…) Ex: I’m usually the first guest to come to a party. (Tôi thường thường là người khách mời đầu tiên đến buổi tiệc) b. Sau so sánh bậc nhất của tính từ. Ex: It’s the most popular route to lead to the summit of Mt.Everest (Đó là tuyến đường phổ biến nhất dẫn đến núi Everest) 2. Relative clauses replaced by participles (Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế bởi phân từ) Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn thành các cụm phân từ: a. Hiện tại phân từ (present participal phrase) nếu động từ chính trong mệnh đề quan hệ mang ý nghóa chủ động. Ex: Climbers bring with them canisters that contain fuel to cook their meals. (Những người leo núi mang theo những cái hộp nhỏ để mà chứa nhiên liệu để nấu những bữa ăn của họ)  Climbers bring with them canisters containing fuel to cook their meals. who/which/that + V(active meaning)  V-ing b. Quá khứ phân từ (past participial phrase) nếu động từ chính trong mệnh đề quan hệ mang ý nghóa bò động. Ex: The Sport Games which were held in India in 1951 were the first Asian Games.  The Sport Games held in India in 1951 were the first Asian Games. which/that + V(passive meaning)  V3/ed UNIT 9: NATURE IN DANGER A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words. 1) A. thick B. thorough C. healthy D. weather 2) A. answer B. sweater C. swim D. switch 3) A. smart B. smile C. criticism D. smog 4) A. slow B. isle C. slap D. slave II. Choose the word that has stress pattern different from that of the other words. 6) A. nature B. danger C. human D. environment 7) A. exist B. species C. effect D. condition 8) A. forest B. water C. destroy D. industry 9) A. environment B. electricity C. population D. ecotourism B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR * Circle the best answer for each sentence. 10) Our children’s health is being ____ by exhaust fumes from factories. A. dangerous B. endangered C. endangering D. popular 11) Many species of rare animals are in ____ of becoming extinct. A. dangerous B. dangerously C. endanger D. danger 12) Without enough oxygen, you may lose your ability to think clearly and may even ____. A. breath B. explode C. hallucinate D. pollute 13) ____ on Mt. Everest should bring oxygen bottles with them. A. Adventurers B. Adventurer C. Adventure D. Adventurism 14) A fund will be set up for the ____ species. A. dangerous B. endangered C. endangering D. popular 15) Mt. Everest is now known as the world’s highest ____. A. environment B. canal C. flock D. junkyard 16) A special ____ team has been organized to clean up tons of garbage. A. danger B. expedition C. summit D. ridge 17) Not surprisingly, the increase of adventurers has led to an increase in the ____ garbage. A. most B. almost C. amount of D. mostly 18) They need oxygen bottles when they climb to the height of more than 7,000 meters, where there is not enough oxygen to breath ____. A. for B. by C. with D. in 19) They need fuel canisters, oxygen bottles, batteries, food and drinks for ____ on the mountain. A. survival B. existence C. life D. living 20) The Sherpas pick up garbage, put it in their ____, and bring it down to the foot of the mountain. A. bags B. backpacks C. wallets D. buckets 21) Jack was the last guest ___ the party last night. A. leave B. to leave C. left D. leaving 22) (Notice at a cave) ____ bottles and plastic bags should not be left in the cave. A. Used B. Using C. For use D. Having used 23) “Have you ever met the man ____ over there?” “No. Who is he?” A. stands B. is standing C. standing D. who he is standing 24) The boy ____ the piano is my son. A. who is playing B. that is playing C. playing D. All are correct 25) ____ by his parent, this boy was very sad. A. Punished B. Punishing C. To be punished D. Be punished 26) We have apartment ____ the park. A. overlooking B. overlooks C. to overlook D. overlooked 27) He was the last person ____ in this way. A. to kill B. who killed C. being killed D. to be killed 28) Who was the first man that set foot ____ the moon? A. on B. to C. in D. up 29) Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman _____ governor in the United State. A. who elected B. to be elected C. was elected D. her election as 30) Pioneers, ____ in isolated areas of the United States, were almost totally self- sufficient. A. who living B. living C. lived D. that lived 31) ____ in large quantities in the Middle East, oil became known as black gold because of the large profit it brought. A. Discovering B. Which was discovered C. Discovered D. That when discovered 32) The Massachusetts State House, ____ in 1798, was the most distinguished building in the United State at that time. A. completing B. which was completed C. was completed D. to be completed 33) They are making an artificial lake ____ water for an area. A. provided B. that provided C. to provide D. which is provided 34) She is the only in the discussion ____ to using nuclear power. A. objects B. objected C. to object D. whom objects 35) The old man ____ a black suit is a famous energy researcher. A. to wear B. wearing C. whom is wearing D. is wearing 36) Johnny was the last applicant ____ for a position in that energy station. A. to interview B. which is interviewed C. interviewing C. to be interviewed 37) The instructions ____ by Professor Johnson helped us know more about the danger of energy pollution. A. that explained B. explainedC. explaining D. which explained C. READING * Read the passage carefully then choose the correct answers. Since the world became industrialized, the number species that have either or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world’s ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival – and the survival of our planet. Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. Then they charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another response made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself if will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed. 38) What is the main topic of the passage? A. The Bengal tiger B. International boycotts C. Endangered species D. Problems with industrialization 39) The word “poachers” used in line 5 could be best replaced by which of the following. A. Illegal hunters B. Enterprising researches C. Concerned scientists D. Trained hunters 40) What is an act of cruelty according to the passage? A. Having interest in material gain. B. Hunting endangered animals. C. Killing animals for personal satisfaction D. Causing the problem of extinction. 41) Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a way to protect animals from extinction? A. Introduce laws to prohibit the killing of endangered animals. B. Establish wildlife reserves. C. Refuse to buy animal products. D. Raise money to invest in equipment and patrol. 42) Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude? A. Forgiving B. Surprised C. Vindictive D. Concerned D. WRITING * Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting. 43) The man to speak to me is John’s brother. A B C D 44) He is the second person be killed in that way. A B C D 45) They work in a hospital sponsoring by the government. A B C D 46) It an essay writing in 1779, Judith Sargeant Murray promoted the cause of A B C women’s education. D 47) A dam is wall building across river to shop the river’s flow and collect the water. A B C D . governor in the United State. A. who elected B. to be elected C. was elected D. her election as 30) Pioneers, ____ in isolated areas of the United States,. in 1951 were the first Asian Games. which/that + V(passive meaning)  V3/ed UNIT 9: NATURE IN DANGER A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word whose underlined part