SIMPLE STRUCTURES have a simple structure They only have one clause which must include, SIMPLE STRUCTURES have a simple structure They only have one clause which must include, at least, one subject and one predicate They may also (and often do) include an object or a at least, one subject and one predicate They may also (and often do) include an object or a complement complement Ex: I love computers Ex: I love computers Rule: subject (I) + predicate (love) + object (computers) Rule: subject (I) + predicate (love) + object (computers) COMPOUND SENTENCES AND COMPLEX SENTENCES have more than one clause COMPOUND SENTENCES AND COMPLEX SENTENCES have more than one clause Compound sentences – in these sentences, the clauses are independent; they may be Compound sentences – in these sentences, the clauses are independent; they may be understood alone Read these sentences: understood alone Read these sentences: Ex: I rarely write letters to my friends and I take a long time to reply Ex: I rarely write letters to my friends and I take a long time to reply I wrote back only last week because John came up with a great suggestion I wrote back only last week because John came up with a great suggestion Note: you may use the two clauses in one sentence or may separate them and use them in two Note: you may use the two clauses in one sentence or may separate them and use them in two independent sentences (Ex: I rarely write letters to my friends I take a long time to reply) independent sentences (Ex: I rarely write letters to my friends I take a long time to reply) Complex sentences – in these sentences, there is one main clause and, at least, one subordinate Complex sentences – in these sentences, there is one main clause and, at least, one subordinate clause The subordinate clause makes no sense without the main clause: “… because John came clause The subordinate clause makes no sense without the main clause: “… because John came up with a great suggestion.” – cannot be understood without the main clause: “I wrote back only up with a great suggestion.” – cannot be understood without the main clause: “I wrote back only last week…” last week…” Note: We use certain words to relate the clauses in complex or compound sentences These words Note: We use certain words to relate the clauses in complex or compound sentences These words are called CONNECTORS are called CONNECTORS Coordinating connectors: Coordinating connectors: AND - Ex: I rarely write letters to my friends and I take a long time to reply AND - Ex: I rarely write letters to my friends and I take a long time to reply BUT – Ex: I like getting letters but I don’t like writing them BUT – Ex: I like getting letters but I don’t like writing them OR - EX: You can write a letter or send an email OR - EX: You can write a letter or send an email SO - EX: I don’t have a computer, so I used a pen and writing paper SO - EX: I don’t have a computer, so I used a pen and writing paper Subordinating connectors: Subordinating connectors: BECAUSE – EX: I wrote back only last week because John came up with a great BECAUSE – EX: I wrote back only last week because John came up with a great suggestion suggestion ALTHOUGH – EX: Although email is quick, I prefer snail mail ALTHOUGH – EX: Although email is quick, I prefer snail mail WHEN – EX: He stopped seeing his friends when he bought the computer WHEN – EX: He stopped seeing his friends when he bought the computer AS LONG AS – EX: You may use my computer as long as you are careful AS LONG AS – EX: You may use my computer as long as you are careful Correlative connectors: Correlative connectors: BOTH … AND … BOTH … AND … - EX: Both email and snail mail are used to communicate - EX: Both email and snail mail are used to communicate NEITHER … NOR …- EX: The envelopes are neither on the desk nor in the NEITHER … NOR …- EX: The envelopes are neither on the desk nor in the drawer drawer Exercises: Exercises: Join the following pairs of sentences, using a suitable coordinating connector: Join the following pairs of sentences, using a suitable coordinating connector: I like writing letters I it every week I like writing letters I it every week She doesn’t have a pen friend She would like to have one She doesn’t have a pen friend She would like to have one I’m not a computer fan I want to learn to use the email I’m not a computer fan I want to learn to use the email You can write me a letter You can phone me, instead You can write me a letter You can phone me, instead Robert’s mother is a computer expert She is going to teach him to use the Robert’s mother is a computer expert She is going to teach him to use the email email Fill the banks in the sentences with an adequate subordinating connector: Fill the banks in the sentences with an adequate subordinating connector: The internet is appealing _you can learn about lots of subject The internet is appealing _you can learn about lots of subject He pressed Enter he finished the letter He pressed Enter he finished the letter Most schools have computers _ they are expensive equipment Most schools have computers _ they are expensive equipment Computers are helpful you don’t get obsessed by them Computers are helpful you don’t get obsessed by them