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Thuvientailieu.net.vn INTERMEDIATE KOREAN: A GRAMMAR AND WORKBOOK Intermediate Korean: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume This workbook presents twenty-four individual grammar points, covering the core material which students would expect to encounter in their second year of learning Korean Grammar points are followed by examples and exercises which allow students to reinforce and consolidate their learning Intermediate Korean is suitable for both class use as well as independent study Key features include: • • • • • • clear, accessible format many useful language examples all Korean entries presented in Hangul with English translations jargon-free explanations of grammar abundant exercises with full answer key subject index Clearly presented and user-friendly, Intermediate Korean provides readers with the essential tools to express themselves in a wide variety of situations, making it an ideal grammar reference and practice resource for students with some knowledge of the language Andrew Sangpil Byon is Associate Professor at the State University of New York at Albany, where he teaches courses in Korean language and civilization Thuvientailieu.net.vn Other titles available in the Grammar Workbooks series are: Basic Cantonese Intermediate Cantonese Basic Chinese Intermediate Chinese Basic Dutch Intermediate Dutch Basic German Intermediate German Basic Irish Intermediate Irish Basic Italian Basic Korean Intermediate Korean Basic Polish Intermediate Polish Basic Russian Intermediate Russian Basic Spanish Intermediate Spanish Basic Welsh Intermediate Welsh Thuvientailieu.net.vn INTERMEDIATE KOREAN: A GRAMMAR AND WORKBOOK Andrew Sangpil Byon Thuvientailieu.net.vn For my parents, James Ki Yong and Gloria Hye Ja Pyon First published 2010 by Routledge Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009 To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk © 2010 Andrew Sangpil Byon All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Byon, Andrew Sangpil Intermediate Korean : a grammar & workbook / Andrew Sangpil Byon p cm Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada Korean language—Grammar—Problems, exercises, etc Korean language— Textbooks for foreign speakers—English I Title PL913.B965 2009 495.7′82421—dc22 2008053381 ISBN 0-203-87590-7 Master e-book ISBN ISBN10: 0-415-54714-8 (hbk) ISBN10: 0-415-77488-8 (pbk) ISBN10: 0-208-87590-7 (ebk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-54714-7 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-77488-8 (pbk) ISBN13: 978-0-203-87590-2 (ebk) Thuvientailieu.net.vn CONTENTS G 10 11 Preface ix The intimate speech level and the plain speech level ~㠊/㞚, ~⓪/ච┺, ~┞/(㦒)⌦?, ~㞚/㠊⧒, ~㧦 Sentence-final endings ~㰖㣪, ~ῆ㣪, ~⍺㣪 11 Particles ⽊┺, 㻮⩒, ṯ㧊, Ⱒ䋒, Ⱎ┺, Ⱎ㩖, 㫆㹾, 㠦 19 Auxiliary verbs I ~㠊/㞚G㡺┺, ~㠊/㞚GṖ┺, ~㠊/㞚G⽊┺ 27 Auxiliary verbs II ~㠊/㞚G⌊┺, ~㠊/㞚G⻚Ⰲ┺, ~ἶGⰦ┺, ~㠊/㞚G㭒┺, ~㠊/㞚G✲Ⰲ┺ 33 Auxiliary verbs III ~㠊/㞚G⏩┺, ~㠊/㞚G⚦┺, ~㠊/㞚G㧞┺, ~㠊/㞚䞮┺, ~㠊/㞚㰖┺ 42 Clausal conjunctives (purpose or intention) ~(㦒)⩂, ~(㦒)⩺ἶ, ~☚⪳G 51 Clausal conjunctives (reasons and cause) ~㠊/㞚㍲, ~(㦒)┞₢, ~ⓦ⧒ἶ 61 Clausal conjunctives (conditions) ~(㦒)Ⳋ, ~㠊/㞚㟒, ~(㦒)ඥ㑮⪳, ~Ệ✶ 72 Clausal conjunctives (listing and choice) ~ἶ, ~(㦒)Ⳇ, ~Ệ⋮, ~✶㰖 85 Clausal conjunctives (time) ~(㦒)Ⳋ㍲, ~㧦Ⱎ㧦, ~┺ṖG 95 Thuvientailieu.net.vn v 12 Contents Clausal connectives (background) ~⓪◆/(㦒)ච◆ 105 Clausal connectives (although) ~㰖Ⱒ, ~(㦒)⋮, ~㠊/㞚☚ 113 Permission, prohibition, and obligation ~㠊/㞚☚G♮┺, ~(㦒)ⳊG㞞G♮┺, 㞞G~(㦒)ⳊG㞞G♮┺/~㰖G 㞠㦒ⳊG㞞G♮┺, ~㠊/㞚㟒G♮┺/䞮┺ 120 Passives and causatives ~㧊, ~䧞, ~Ⰲ, ~₆, ~㤆, ~ῂ, ~㿪, ~ỢG䞮┺ 129 The noun-modifying endings ~⓪, ~(㦒)ච, ~(㦒)ඥ 137 G Describing the appearance of actions or states of affair ~⓪/(㦒)ච/(㦒)ඥGộGṯ┺, ~⓪/(㦒)ච/(㦒)ඥG⳾㟧㧊┺, ~⓪/(㦒)ච/(㦒)ඥG ❅䞮┺, ~⋮/(㦒)චṖG⽊┺, ~㠊/㞚G⽊㧊┺G 146 18 G Post modifiers I ₎, 㩗, 㧒, ☯㞞, ☚㭧, 㭧, 䘎 157 19 G Post modifiers II ╖⪲, 䤚㠦, 㻯, ⧢㠦, ộ, ㄪ, ➢ 166 20 Ability and possibility ~(㦒)ඥG㑮G㧞┺/㠜┺, ~(㦒)ඥG㭚G㞢┺/⳾⯊┺, ~(㦒)ඥGⰂṖG㠜┺ 178 Indirect question form ~⓪/(㦒)ච/(㦒)ඥ㰖 186 The retrospective suffix ~▪ 195 Nominalizing endings ~₆ and ~(㦒)ත 205 Direct and indirect quotation ~(㧊)⧒ἶG䞮┺, ~(ⓦ)ච┺ἶG䞮┺, ~ⓦ⌦ἶG䞮┺/ⶑ┺, ~(㦒)⧒ἶG䞮┺, ~㧦ἶG䞮┺ 219 Key to exercises 228 Index 279 13 14 15 16 17 21 22 23 24 vi Thuvientailieu.net.vn PREFACE Intermediate Korean: A Grammar and Workbook is a sequel to its sister volume Basic Korean: A Grammar and Workbook, and it likewise focuses on providing an accessible reference grammar explanation and related exercises in a single volume It is designed for independent English-speaking adult Korean-as-a-foreign-language (KFL) learners who intend to maintain and strengthen their knowledge of essential Korean grammar and for classroom-based learners who are looking for supplemental grammar explanations and practices Consequently, this book differs from existing KFL materials whose primary purpose is to help KFL learners acquire four language skills, such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing as well as cultural knowledge The layout of this book also differs from those of existing KFL materials For instance, a typical KFL textbook chapter may include model dialogues, followed by vocabulary lists, grammar explanations, cultural notes, and exercises In contrast, following the pattern of Basic Korean and other Grammar Workbooks of the Routledge series, every unit of Intermediate Korean focuses on presenting jargon-free and concise grammar explanations, followed by relevant grammar exercises This book has 24 units, and it does not take a functional-situational approach in grouping and/or sequencing target grammatical points Rather it sequences and covers grammatical points according to their grammatical categories (e.g., sentence endings, conjunctives, particles, and so on), so that learners can use the book as a reference material as well as a practice material The exercises at the end of each unit are designed primarily to reinforce the target grammatical points All Korean entries are presented in Hangul (the Korean alphabet) with English translations to facilitate understanding Accordingly, it requires that learners familiarize themselves with Hangul, before going on to the book In addition, when translating Korean entries into English, efforts were made to reflect the Korean meaning as closely as possible Consequently, some learners may feel certain English translations not reflect typical English usages However, the direct translation approach was employed for pedagogical purposes Thuvientailieu.net.vn vii In writing this book, I have been fortunate to have the assistance and support of many people I would like to thank my colleagues in the Department of East Asian Studies at the University at Albany, State University of New York, who were supportive of this project I am grateful to anonymous reviewers for their constructive and valuable comments I would like to express sincere gratitude to Sophie Oliver for initially encouraging this project and to the editorial and production teams of Routledge—Andrea Hartill, and Samantha Vale Noya—for their advice and support throughout the process My thanks also go to Neil Dowden for his careful and thoughtful copy-editing service and to Kathy Auger at Graphicraft for her kind assistance during the final stage of production Finally, as always, my special thanks go to my wife, Isabel, who, with her optimism and encouragement, makes it possible for me to what I really love to Of course, I bear all responsibility for any shortcomings and errors in the text Preface viii Thuvientailieu.net.vn UNIT The intimate speech level and the plain speech level The intimate speech level The intimate speech level is in general used in the following situations: by adults when addressing children, by parents when addressing their kids, by children when addressing their peers, and by adult friends when addressing their childhood friends (or friends whose relationships are close enough to switch to the intimate level from the polite level) The intimate speech level ending is ~㠊/㞚 The choice of ~㠊 or ~㞚 is the same with that of the polite speech level ending ~㠊㣪/㞚㣪 ~㞚 is used after a stem that ends in a bright vowel, 㡺 or 㞚 (e.g., 㺔┺ “find” => 㺔㞚), while ~㠊 is used with the stem that ends in any other vowels (e.g., ⺆㤆┺ “learn” => ⺆㤢) Consider the following examples: Ṗ┺ “go” ⺆㤆┺ “learn” Ṗ⯊䂮┺ “teach” ⲏ┺ “eat” 䞮┺ “do” 㧞┺ “have/exist” 㧊┺ “be” 㞚┞┺ “not be” Polite speech level Ṗ㣪 ⺆㤢㣪 Ṗ⯊㼦㣪 ⲏ㠊㣪 䟊㣪 㧞㠊㣪 㧊㠦㣪 㞚┞㠦㣪 Intimate speecsh level Ṗ ⺆㤢 Ṗ⯊㼦 ⲏ㠊 䟊 㧞㠊 㧊㟒 㞚┞㟒 As seen above, one can generate the intimate speech level from the polite speech level, simply by removing 㣪 One exception is that the copula 㧊┺/㞚┞┺ takes slightly different forms: 㧊㟒 instead of 㧊㠦, and 㞚┞㟒 instead of 㞚┞㠦 Just like the polite speech level ending ~㠊㣪/㞚㣪, the intimate speech level ending ~㠊/㞚 is used for all sentence types: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and propositive For instance, consider the following: Thuvientailieu.net.vn Key to exercises Exercise 19.8 ⓼ỢG㧒㠊⋮⓪G⧢㠦G㑮㠛㠦G㰖ṗ䟞㠊㣪 “(I) was late for the class because (I) got up late.” ṧ㧦₆G゚ṖG㡺⓪G⧢㠦G㢍㧊G㩬㠞㠊㣪 “(My) dress got wet because (it) rained suddenly.” 㹾Ṗ ἶ㧻㧊 ⋮⓪ ⧢㠦 䣢㌂㠦 ⴑ Ṫ㠊㣪 “(I) could not go to the company because (my) car broke down.” Ṧ₆㠦 ỎⰂ⓪ ⧢㠦 Ὃ⯒ ⴑ 䟞㠊㣪 “(I) could not study because (I) caught a cold.” ⧢㧊 ⓪ ⧢㠦 ⳾㧦⯒ 㧙㠊 ⻚⪎㠊㣪 “(I) lost (my) hat because the wind blew.” ㏢⁞㦚G Ⱔ㧊G ⍹⓪G ⧢㠦G 㦢㔳㧊G ⍞ⶊG 㱆㠊㣪 “The food was too salty because (I) put too much salt (into it).” 䆪⯒ ἶ⓪ ⧢㠦 㧶㦚 ⴑ 㧺㠊㣪 “(I) could not sleep because (he) snored.” ₎㠦㍲ ⹎⊚⩂㰖⓪ ⧢㠦 䠞Ⰲ⯒ ┺㼺㠊㣪 “(I) hurt (my) waist because (I) slid on the road.” 㹾 ㌂ἶṖ ⋮⓪ ⧢㠦 㩚䢪⯒ ⴑ 䟞㠊㣪 “(I) could not make a phone call because there was a car accident.” 10 ㌞⼓㠦G 㧒䞮⓪G ⧢㠦G Ṧ₆㠦G Ỏ⪎㠊㣪 “(I) caught a cold because (I) worked at dawn.” Exercise 19.9 㤪 㦚 㦚 ➢ ₆㧊 㫡㔋┞┺ “When (I) receive (my) salary, (I) feel good.” 㡗䢪Ṗ 㔲㧧䞶 ➢ 䕳䆮㦚 ⲏ㦣㔲┺ “When the movie begins, (let us) eat popcorn.” 㑯㩲⯒ 䞶 ➢ 㦢㞛㦚 ✹㔋┞₢? “Do (you) listen to music when (you) (your) homework?” ⰻ㭒⯒ Ⱎ㔺 ➢ ⏎⧮⯒ ⯊㕃㔲㡺 “Sing a song, when (you) drink beer.” 㓺䎢㧊䋂⯒ ⲏ㦚 ➢ 㢖㧎㦚 Ⱎ㕃┞┺ “When (I) eat steak, (I) drink wine.” 㓺䔎⩞㓺Ṗ Ⱔ㦚 ➢ 㤊☯㦚 䞮㕃㔲㡺 “When there is a lot of stress, exercise.” ☚㤖㧊 䞚㣪䞶 ➢ 䂲ῂ✺䞲䎢 㡆⧓䞶 ỗ┞┺ “When (I) need help, (I) will contact (my) friends.” ἆ䢒㔳㠦 Ṟ ➢ 㟧⽋㦚 㧛㠞㔋┞┺ “When (I) went to the wedding ceremony, (I) wore a suit.” ゚Ṗ 㢂 ➢ 㤆㌆㧊 䞚㣪䞿┞┺ “When (it) rains, (you) need an umbrella.” 266 Thuvientailieu.net.vn 10 㔲Ṛ㧊 㧞㦚 ➢ 䆪⹎❪ 㡗䢪⯒ ⽊㕃㔲㡺 “When (you) have (some) time, see a comedy movie.” 11 ⋶㝾ṖG 䦦ⰊG ➢G ₆㧊G ⋮㊿┞┺ “When the weather is cloudy, (I) feel bad.” 12 㡂㧦䂲ῂ ㌳㧒㧒 ➢Gⶊ㓾 ㌳㧒 ㍶ⶒ㦚 㭖゚䞿┞₢? “When it is (your) girl friend’s birthday, what kind of birthday gift (you) prepare?” 13 㕂㕂䞶 ➢ ㍲㩦㠦 ṧ┞┺ “When (I) feel bored, (I) go to a bookstore.” 14 㠊⪎㦚 ➢ 㦮㌂Ṗ ♮ἶ 㕌㠞㔋┞₢? “When (you) were young, did (you) want to become a doctor?” 15 ⋶㝾Ṗ ▪㤎 ➢ 㰽㦖 㰖⯒ 㧛㦣㔲┺ “When the weather is hot, (let us) wear short pants.” Key to exercises Exercise 19.10 10 䂲ῂ䞮ἶG㕎㤎Gㄪ䟞㠊㣪 “(I) almost quarrelled with (my) friend.” ⶒ㠦Gザ㰞Gㄪ䟞㠊㣪 “(I) almost fell into the water.” 㟓㏣㦚G㧠㦚Gㄪ䟞㠊㣪 “(I) almost forgot about the appointment.” ⶎ㦚G㧶⁖Gㄪ䟞㠊㣪 “(I) almost locked the door.” Ợ㧚㦚G㰞Gㄪ䟞㠊㣪 “(I) almost lost the game.” 㤆ⰂG䕖㧊Gἓ₆⯒G㧊₎ ㄪ䟞㠊㣪 “Our team almost won the game.” ₎㠦㍲G⹎⊚⩂㰞Gㄪ䟞㠊㣪 “(I) almost slid on the road.” 㞚㧊✺䞲䎢G䢪⌒Gㄪ䟞㠊㣪 “(I) almost got angry at (my) children.” 㢖㧎㦚GⰞ㔺Gㄪ䟞㠊㣪 “(I) almost drank wine.” ₎㦚GỊ⍦Gㄪ䟞㠊㣪 “(I) almost crossed the road.” Unit 20 Exercise 20.1 䢒㧦GṖỢ⯒G㡊G㑮G㧞㠊㣪 ⁎✺㠦ỢG䧂ⰳ㦚G㭚G㑮G㧞㠊㣪 ⶊ╖ 㥚㠦㍲ 㿺㦚 㿲 㑮 㧞㠊㣪 㰧㦚 䕪 㑮 㠜㠊㣪 㧊 㑮䞯 ⶎ㩲⯒ 䛖 㑮 㠜㠊㣪 Exercise 20.2 䔎⩃㦚G㤊㩚䞶G㑮G㧞㠊㣪 “(I) can drive a truck.” ▪㥚⯒Gⓦ⋚G㑮G㧞㠊㣪 “(I) can feel the heat.” 㢖㧎㦚GⰞ㔺G㑮G㧞㠊㣪 “(I) can drink wine.” 䞲ῃG⏎⧮⯒G⯒G㑮G㧞㠊㣪 “(I) can sing Korea songs.” ⹎ῃG䂲ῂ⯒G㌂„G㑮G㧞㠊㣪 “(I) can make American friends.” Thuvientailieu.net.vn 267 Key to exercises Exercise 20.3 㧒⽎G⏎⧮⯒G⯒G㭚G㞢㞚㣪 㭧ῃG㦢㔳㦚GⰢ✺G㭚G㞢㞚㣪 㓺䃒Ⱅ㧊G㡊㐶⯒GṖ㰖ἶG㧞㦚 㭚 㞢㞮㠊㣪 㧒㣪㧒㠦☚GṖỢ⯒G㡊G㭚G㞢㞮㞚㣪 㡺⓮Gᾦ䣢㠦G㧞㦚G㭚G㞢㞮㠊㣪 Exercise 20.4 ₖ䂮⯒ Ⱒ✺ 㭚 㞢㞚㣪 “(I) know how to make kimchi.” Ἶ䝚⯒ 䂶 㭚 㞢㞚㣪 “(I) know how to play golf.” 㧦㩚Ệ⯒ 䌞 㭚 㞢㞚㣪 “(I) know how to ride a bicycle.” 㡂₆㍲ 䣢㌂₢㰖 Ṟ 㭚 㞢㞚㣪 “(I) know how to get to the company from here.” 㑮㡗䞶 㭚 㞢㞚㣪 “(I) know how to swim.” Exercise 20.5 㩲ⰂṖ 㥶ⳛ䞶 㭚 ⴆ⧦㠊㣪 㧻 ᾦ㑮┮㧊 䞲ῃ ㌂⧢㧒 㭚 ⴆ⧦㠊㣪 䅖㧊䔎Ṗ Ὃ⯒ 㧮 䞶 㭚 ⴆ⧦㠊㣪 ⋾㧦 䂲ῂṖ 㧞㦚 㭚 ⴆ⧦㠊㣪 㫆㰖Ṗ ἓ㺆ὖ㧒 㭚 ⴆ⧦㠊㣪 Exercise 20.6 䡫㧊 㤪㣪㧒㠦 㧒⽎㦒⪲ Ṟ 㭚 ⴆ⧦㠊㣪 “(I) did not think that (my) older brother would go to Japan on Monday.” ⰺ䓲Ṗ 䏶㣪㧒㠦 ṖỢ⯒ 㧒㹣 ╁㦚 㭚 ⴆ⧦㠊㣪 “(I) did not think that Matthew would close the store early on Saturday.” 㑮㧪㧊 䞲ῃ㠦 Ṟ 㭚 ⴆ⧦㠊㣪 “(I) did not think that Susan would go to Korea.” ㌂㧊Ⲓ㧊 㤊☯㦚 㧮 䞶 㭚 ⴆ⧦㠊㣪 “(I) did not think that Simon would be good at sports.” 㺆㓺Ṗ 㡺⓮ ⩆▮㦒⪲ ⟶⋶ 㭚 ⴆ⧦㠊㣪 “(I) did not think that Charles would leave for London today.” Exercise 20.7 268 㢍 ㌂㧊㯞Ṗ ⰴ㦚 ⰂṖ 㠜㠊㣪 ⋶㝾Ṗ 㫡㦚 ⰂṖ 㠜㠊㣪 ⁎ 㡗䢪Ṗ 㨂⹎㧞㦚 ⰂṖ 㠜㠊㣪 㞺✲⮮Ṗ Ợ㦒⯒ ⰂṖ 㠜㠊㣪 㥢Ⰲ㠚㧊 䞲ῃ 㡃㌂⯒ 㩚Ὃ䞶 ⰂṖ 㠜㠊㣪 Thuvientailieu.net.vn Exercise 20.8 Key to exercises ╖䞯G㌳䢲㧊G㨂⹎㧞㦚GⰂṖ 㠜㠊㣪 “There is no possibility that college life is fun.” 㰖䞮㻶㧊G 䘎䞶G ⰂṖG 㠜㠊㣪 “There is no possibility that a subway is convenient.” 䎢┞㓺ṖG 㓂㤎G ⰂṖG 㠜㠊㣪 “There is no possibility that (playing) tennis is easy.” 䌳㔲G 㣪⁞㧊G 㕖G ⰂṖG 㠜㠊㣪 “There is no possibility that taxi fee is cheap.” ❪㧦㧎㧊G 㡞㊶G ⰂṖG 㠜㠊㣪 “There is no possibility that the design is pretty.” Unit 21 Exercise 21.1 㩲ⰂṖGⳝG㌊㧎㰖G㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know how old Jerry is?” 㡗䢪ṖG ⳝG 㔲㠦G 㔲㧧䞮⓪㰖 㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know what time the movie starts?” 㠊❪㠦㍲G㧒䞮⓪㰖G㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know where (he) works?” 㠊❪㠦㍲G ⻚㓺⯒G 䌖⓪㰖 㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know where (he) rides the bus?” 㩲㧚㓺㦮G㧊GⳝG䂋㠦G㧞⓪㰖 㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know on what floor James’ room is?” 㭚ⰂṖG㢲G䕢Ⰲ⪲G⟶⋮⓪㰖 㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know why Julie leaves for Paris?” 㰧㧊G㢲G㔲⊚⩂㤊㰖G㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know why the house is noisy?” 㧊G㢲G▪㤊㰖G㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know why the room is hot?” 㧊Gῃ㧊G㢲G㰶㰖G㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know why this soup is salty?” 10 㧊 䅊䜾䎆Ṗ 㢲 㕒㰖 㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know why this computer is inexpensive?” Exercise 21.2 Ⱎ㧊䋊㧊Gⶊ㓾G㧒㦚G䞶㰖G㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know what kind of work Michael will do?” 㠊❪㍲ 㩖⎗㦚 ⲏ㦚㰖 㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know where (they) will have dinner?” 㣪㯞㦢 ⪲Ⱎ㦮 ⋶㝾Ṗ 㠊⟾㰖 㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know how Rome’s weather will be like nowadays?” ゚䟟₆Ṗ Ὃ䟃㠦 ⳝ 㔲㠦 ☚㹿䞶㰖 㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know what time the airplane will arrive at the airport?” ⌊㧒 ⳝ 㔲㠦 ṖỢ⯒ ╁㦚㰖 㞚㎎㣪? “Do (you) know what time (they) will close the store tomorrow?” Thuvientailieu.net.vn 269 Key to exercises Exercise 21.3 10 䙊㧊 㔲䠮㠦 䞿ỿ䟞⓪㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 㠊❪㍲ ἆ䢒㔳㦚 䞮⓪㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 ⶮ ㌂㟒 䞶㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 㧊⯚㧊 ⶊ㠝㧎㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 㠎㩲 ἆ䢒㦚 䟊㟒 䞶㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 㠎㩲 ㏢䙂Ṗ ☚㹿䞶㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 䙊㧊 㹾Ṗ 㧞⓪㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 㔲䠮㧊 㓂㤶⓪㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 Ṗỿ㧊 ゚㕒㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 Ṗ㧊 㠒Ⱎ⋮ ⶊỆ㤎㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 Exercise 21.4 “How noisy the house is, (I) cannot study.” “How congested the road was, (I) was late for the party as long as one hour.” “How difficulty the test was, (I) could not solve even one problem.” “How interestingly (they) see a movie, (they) not even go to a toilet.” “How heavily (it) snows, (it) seems that (we) may not be able to go to school.” Exercise 21.5 ⳝ 㔲₢㰖 ₆┺⩺㟒 䞶㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 “(I) not know what time (we) should wait until.” 㠊ⓦ 㹾⯒ ㌂㟒 䞶㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 “(I) not know which car (I) should buy.” 㠒Ⱎ㠦 㰧㦚 䕪㞚㟒 䞶㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 “(I) not know at what price (I) should sell the house.” 㢲G 㡂㧦G 䂲ῂ㢖G 䠺㠊㪎㟒G 䞶㰖G ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 “(I) not know why (I) should break up with (my) girlfriend.” ⶊ㠝㦚 Ⱎ㎪㟒 䞶㰖 ⳾⯊Ỷ㠊㣪 “(I) not know what (I) should drink.” Exercise 21.6 270 㧊 㡺₆ 㔲㧧䞲㰖 [ 㧒㧊 ♦㠊㣪 䃦⋮┺⪲ 㧊㌂㡾㰖 X ⎚㧊 ♦㠊㣪 䞲ῃ㠊⯒ ⺆㤊㰖 Z 㭒Ṗ ♦㠊㣪 ╊⺆⯒ ⊠㦖㰖 ] Ṳ㤪㧊 ♦㠊㣪 㣪Ⰲ⯒ 㔲㧧䞲㰖 XW 㧊 ♦㠊㣪 㹾⯒ ㌆㰖 㧊䔖㧊 ♦㠊㣪 Thuvientailieu.net.vn 10 㩲┞䗒Ṗ ⩆▮㦒⪲ ⟶⋲㰖 㧒 㭒㧒㧊 ♦㠊㣪 ⲎⰂ⯒ 㧦⯎㰖 㠒Ⱎ⋮ ♦㠊㣪? 㰧㠦 ☢㞚㡾㰖 㠒Ⱎ⋮ ♦㠊㣪? ⁎⯒ Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ㦒⪲ ⽎㰖 㠒Ⱎ⋮ ♦㠊㣪? Key to exercises Exercise 21.7 㩦㕂㦚 ⲏ㦖㰖 Y 㔲Ṛ㧊 ♦㠊㣪 “(It) has been two hours since (I) ate (my) lunch.” Ṧ₆ ỎⰆ㰖 㧊䔖㧊 ♦㠊㣪 “(It) has been two days since (I) caught a cold.” 䘎㰖⯒ 㦖㰖 X 㭒㧒㧊 ♦㠊㣪 “(It) has been one week since (I) received the letter.” 㤊☯㦚 㔲㧧䞲㰖 [ 㧒㧊 ♦㠊㣪 “(It) has been four days since (I) started exercising.” 䀾㰗䞲㰖 X ⎚㧊 ♦㠊㣪 “(It) has been one year since (I) got employed.” Unit 22 Exercise 22.1 ㏦┮㧊GⰤ▪⧒ῂ㣪 ㍲゚㓺ṖG㫡▪⧒ῂ㣪 㞚䕢䔎㎎ṖG゚㕎▪⧒ῂ㣪 ┺㎅G㔲ṚGỎⰂ▪⧒ῂ㣪 㰧㧊G䋂▪⧒ῂ㣪 Exercise 22.2 㥢Ⰲ㠚㧊 㰖⩆䞮▪⧒ῂ㣪 “William was diligent (you know).” 㑮㧪㦮 㡺ザṖ 䣢㌂ ㌂㧻㧊▪⧒ῂ㣪 “Susan’s older brother was the company president (you know).” 䐆㧊 䌳㔲⯒ ₆┺Ⰲ▪⧒ῂ㣪 “Tom waited for a taxi (you know).” 㩲㧎㦮 ㌳㧒㧊 㠊㩲㧊▪⧒ῂ㣪 “Jane’s birthday was yesterday (you know).” 䃦㍲Ⰶ㧊 㰖⯒ ㌂ἶ 㧞▪⧒ῂ㣪 “Catherine was buying a ring (you know).” Exercise 22.3 ✹▮G⏎⧮ 䌖▮G㧦㩚Ệ 㧒䞮▮G䣢㌂ 271 Thuvientailieu.net.vn Key to exercises 10 㫡㞚䞮▮G㦢㔳 㝆▮G䃁㏪ 㝿㝿䞮▮G⋾㧦 ✲⩓▮G䞒 㠊⚷▮G ➆⦑䞮▮G⋶㝾 ㏦┮㦒⪲G゚▮GṖỢ Exercise 22.4 ╖䞯ᾦ ➢ 㧓▮ ㏢㍺㺛㧊㠦㣪 “(It) is the novel that (I) used read during (my) college days.” ㌂‖▮ 㡂㧦 䂲ῂ㡞㣪 “(she) is (my ex) girlfriend that (I) used to go out with.” 䞲ῃ㠦㍲ 㯦Ỿ ⽊▮ TV ✲⧒Ⱎ㡞㣪 “(It) is the TV drama that (I) used to enjoy watching in Korea.” XW ⎚㩚㠦 ㌊▮ 㞚䕢䔎㡞㣪 “(It) is the apartment where (I) used to live ten years ago.” 㭧䞯ᾦ ➢ 㧛▮ ᾦ⽋㧊㠦㣪 “(It) is the school uniform that (I) used to wear during (my) intermediate school days.” ṯ㧊 㧒䞮▮ ☯⬢㡞㣪 “(He) is (my) colleague whom (I) used to work with.” Exercise 22.5 㞚䂾㠦⓪ 㰧㧊 㫆㣿䞮▪┞ 㡺䤚㠦⓪ 㔲⊚⩂㤢㣪 “In the morning, the house was quiet, but in the afternoon, (it) is noisy.” 㰖⋲ 㭒₢㰖 㧒⽎ ✲⧒Ⱎ⯒ ⽊▪┞ 㧊⻞ 㭒⓪ 䞲ῃ ✲⧒Ⱎ⯒ ⽦㣪 “(She) watched Japanese dramas until last week, but (she) watches Korean dramas this week.” 䞲ῃ㠊⯒ ⺆㤆▪┞ 䞲ῃ 㡗䢪Ⱒ ⽦㣪 “(He) has learned Korean, and as a result (he) only sees Korean movies.” 㕃 ₆┺⪎▪┞ 㦢㔳㧊 ⋮㢪㠊㣪 “As (I) waited for ten minutes, the food was served.” 㠊㩲 ⰻ㭒⯒ Ⱔ㧊 Ⱎ㎾▪┞ ⲎⰂṖ 㞚䕢㣪 “Since (I) drank beer a lot yesterday, (my) head aches.” Exercise 22.6 272 㔲Ṛ㧊 㧞㠞▪⧒Ⳋ Ⱒ⌂㦚 Ệ㡞㣪 ㊮㰖 㞠㞮▪⧒Ⳋ 㰧㠦 ✺⩖㦚 Ệ㡞㣪 䟟⽋䟞▪⧒Ⳋ 㧊䢒䞮㰖 㞠㞮㦚 Ệ㡞㣪 ゚⹖㦚 㞢㞮▪⧒Ⳋ ㎇Ὃ䟞㦚 Ệ㡞㣪 㡆㔋㦚 ▪ 㡊㕂䧞 䟞▪⧒Ⳋ ἓ₆⯒ 㧊ἒ㦚 Ệ㡞㣪 Thuvientailieu.net.vn Exercise 22.7 Key to exercises ⼧㤦㠦 Ṫ▪⧒Ⳋ ㌊㞮㦚 Ệ㡞㣪 “If (it was the case that he) went to the hospital, (he) might have lived.” 㟓㦚 ⲏ㠞▪⧒Ⳋ 㞞 㞚䕶㦚 Ệ㡞㣪 “If (it was the case that she) took the medicine, (she) might not feel painful.” ☞㧊 㧞㠞▪⧒Ⳋ ⟶⌂㦚 Ệ㡞㣪 “If (it was the case that I) had money, (I) might have left.” ἶ₆Ṗ 㧞㠞▪⧒Ⳋ ㌖㦚 Ệ㡞㣪 “If (it was the case that they) had meat, (she) might have bought (it).” 㹾Ṗ 㧞㠞▪⧒Ⳋ Ⱒ⌂㦚 Ệ㡞㣪 “If (it was the case that he) had a car, (he) might have met (her).” Exercise 22.8 ῗ⁞䞮▪⧒☚Gⶑ㰖GⰞ㎎㣪 Ṗ⪋▪⧒☚G⁗㰖GⰞ㎎㣪 䢪⋮▪⧒☚G㺎㦒㎎㣪 㕂㕂䞮▪⧒☚G㰧㠦G㧞㦒㎎㣪 ⓼ỢG㡺▪⧒☚G㧪㏢Ⰲ 䞮㰖 Ⱎ㎎㣪 Exercise 22.9 䞒Ἲ䞮▪⧒☚ 㫎㰖 Ⱎ㎎㣪 “Even if (you) may be tired, not doze off.” 㡗䢪Ṗ 㨂⹎㠜▪⧒☚ Ↄ ⽊㎎㣪 “Even if the movie may be uninteresting, see (it) for sure.” ₆㧊 ⋮㊮▪⧒☚ 㤙㦒㎎㣪 “Even if (your) mood may be bad, smile.” ⶊỗ▪⧒☚ Ṗ㪎㡺㎎㣪 “Even if (it) may be heavy, bring (it).” 㔂䝚▪⧒☚ 㤎㰖 Ⱎ㎎㣪 “Even if (you) may be sad, not cry.” Unit 23 Exercise 23.1 㞚䂾㦚G ⲏ₆G 㩚㠦G ㏦㦚G 㞑㦒㎎㣪 “Wash (your) hands before eating breakfast.” 㔲䠮㦚G⽊₆G㩚㠦G㧶㦚G㿿䧞G㧦㎎㣪 “Sleep sufficiently before taking a test.” ₆㹾⯒ 䌖₆ 㩚㠦 ₆㹾 䚲⯒ 㡞㟓䟊㟒 ♒㣪 “(You) must reserve a train ticket before riding the train.” ⩞㓺䏶⧧㠦 Ṗ₆ 㩚㠦 㰧㠦 ✺⯛㔲┺ “(Let us) stop by home before going to the restaurant.” Thuvientailieu.net.vn 273 Key to exercises 㿲⁒䞮₆G 㩚㠦G 㔶ⶎ㦚G ⽊㎎㣪? “Do (you) read newspapers before leaving home for work?” 䢪㧻㦚 䞮₆ 㩚㠦 ㌺㤢⯒ 䟊㣪 “(I) take a shower before doing makeup.” ㌞ 㰧㦒⪲ 㧊㌂䞮₆ 㩚㠦 㞚䕢䔎㠦㍲ ㌊㞮㠊㣪? “Did (you) live in an apartment before moving into the new house?” 㩚Ὃ㦚 㩫䞮₆ 㩚㠦 ᾦ㑮┮䞮ἶ ㌗╊䟊㟒 䞿┞┺ “(You) must consult with (your) professor before deciding (your) major.” 䞒䎆⯒ Ⱒ⋮⩂ ⋮Ṗ₆ 㩚㠦 㩚䢪䞿㔲┺ “(Let us) make a phone call before going out to meet Peter.” 10 㹾⯒G 䕪₆G 㩚㠦G 㞚⻚㰖䞮ἶG 㦮⏒䞮㎎㣪 “Consult with (your) father before selling (your) car.” Exercise 23.2 㩦㕂㦚 ⲏ₆⓪ 䄺⎫ 㞚䂾☚ 㞞 ⲏ㠞㠊㣪 “Far from eating lunch, (she) did not even eat breakfast.” ❇㌆㦚 䞮₆⓪ 䄺⎫ 㰧 㠦☚ 㞞 ⋮Ṫ㠊㣪 “Far from climbing the mountain, (they) did not even go outside of the house.” 㩖⎗㦚 ⲏ₆⓪ 䄺⎫ 䄺䞒☚ ⴑ Ⱎ㎾㠊㣪 “Far from eating dinner, (I) could not even drink coffee.” ㌞ 㹾⯒ ㌂₆⓪ 䄺⎫ ῂἓ☚ ⴑ 䟞㠊㣪 “Far from buying a new car, (I) could not even look around.” ㌳㧒 䕢䕆⯒ 䞮₆⓪ 䄺⎫ ㍶ⶒ☚ ⴑ 㞮㠊㣪 “Far from having a birthday party, (I) could not even receive a present.” Exercise 23.3 274 ⚦ ㌂⧢㧊 㧦₆㠦⓪ 䂾╖Ṗ ⍞ⶊ 㧧㞚㣪 “The bed is too small for two people to sleep.” 㡗䢪⯒ ┺㤊⪲✲ ₆㠦⓪ 㩲 䅊䜾䎆Ṗ ⍞ⶊ ⓦ⩺㣪 “My computer is too slow for downloading a movie (file).” 㑮㡗㦚 䞮₆㠦⓪ ⋶㝾Ṗ ⍞ⶊ 㿪㤢㣪 “The weather is too cold for swimming.” 㡗䢪⯒G ⽊₆㠦⓪G 㔲Ṛ㧊G 㠜㠊㣪 “(We) not have time for seeing a movie.” 㩚䢪⯒G䞮₆㠦⓪G⍞ⶊG⓼㠞㠊㣪 “(It) is too late for making a phone call.” ⏣ῂ⯒G 䞮₆㠦⓪G 䋺ṖG 㧧㞮㠊㣪 “(My) height was small for playing basketball.” 䄺䞒⯒G Ⱎ㔲₆㠦⓪G ⍞ⶊG 㠊⪎㠊㣪 “(I) was too young to drink coffee.” 䢒㧦G㤊㩚䞮₆㠦⓪G⍞ⶊGⲖ㠞㠊㣪 “(It) was too far (for me) to drive alone.” Thuvientailieu.net.vn ⏎䔎㦚G㌂₆㠦⓪G☞㧊G⳾㧦⧦㠊㣪 “The money was short for buying a notebook.” 10 ㍶ⶒ⪲ 㭒₆㠦⓪ ⍞ⶊ ゚㕢㠊㣪 “(It) was too expensive (for me to) give (it) away as a gift.” Key to exercises Exercise 23.4 Ṧ₆ Ỏ⪎₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 䞯ᾦ㠦 ⴑ Ṗ㣪 “(I) cannot go to school because (I) caught a cold.” 㞚䂾㦚 ⓼Ợ ⲏ㠞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㩦㕂㦚 ⲏἶ 㕌㰖 㞠㞚㣪 “(I) not want to eat lunch because (I) ate breakfast late.” ゚Ṗ 㡺₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ἓ₆Ṗ 䀾㏢♶ Ệ㡞㣪 “(I guess that) the game will be cancelled because (it) rains.” ⻚㓺Ṗ 䘎䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㰖䞮㻶㦚 㧊㣿䟊㣪 “(I) use a subway because a bus is inconvenient.” 㔲䠮 ₆Ṛ㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ☚㍲ὖ㠦 ㌂⧢㧊 Ⱔ㞚㣪 “There are many people in the library because (it) is an examination period.” Exercise 23.5 ㌊㦚 ヒ₆ 㥚䟊㍲ 㩖⎗㦚 㫆⁞ ⲏ㦚 Ệ㡞㣪 “(I) will eat dinner a little to lose weight.” 㦮ὒ ╖䞯㠦 㰚䞯䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲ 㭖゚䞮ἶ 㧞㠊㣪 “(I) am preparing to enter medical school.” 㹾⯒ ἶ䂮₆ 㥚䟊㍲ 㩫゚㏢㠦 Ṗἶ 㧞㠊㣪 “(I) am going to the repair shop to repair (my) car.” ┺㦢 ἓ₆⯒ 㧊₆₆ 㥚䟊㍲ ⰺ㧒 㡆㔋䟊㣪 “(I) practice everyday to win the next game.” 䞲ῃ㠦 㧞⓪ 䂲ῂ䞲䎢 㩚䢪䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲ 㩚䢪 䃊✲⯒ ㌖㠊㣪 “(I) bought a telephone card to make a phone call to (my) friend in Korea.” Exercise 23.6 ⌊⎚ ⽚㠦 ἆ䢒䞮₆⪲ 䟞㠊㣪 “(We) decided to get married next year’s spring.” 䞯ᾦ ₆㑯㌂㠦㍲ ㌊₆⪲ 䟞㠊㣪 “(I) decided to live in school dormitory.” ┺㦢 䞯₆㠦 䞲ῃ㠊 㑮㠛㦚 ✹₆⪲ 䟞㠊㣪 “(I) decided to take the Korean language class next semester.” ⌊㧒䎆 ╊⺆⯒ ⊠₆⪲ 䟞㠊㣪 “(I) decided to quit smoking from tomorrow.” ┺㦢 ╂䎆 䌲ῢ☚⯒ ⺆㤆₆⪲ 䟞㠊㣪 “(I) decided to learn Taekwondo from next month.” 275 Thuvientailieu.net.vn Key to exercises Exercise 23.7 䏶㣪㧒Ⱎ┺ 䎢┞㓺⯒ 䂮₆☚ 䟊㣪 “(We) also play tennis every Saturday.” Ṗ⊪ ₢Ⱒ ⍻䌖㧊⯒ ⰺ₆☚ 䟊㣪 “(I) also wear a black tie occasionally.” 㭒Ⱖ㠦 䂲ῂ✺䞮ἶ ⏣ῂ⯒ 䞮₆☚ 䟊㣪 “(I) also play basketball with (my) friends on the weekend.” 㕂㕂䞮Ⳋ 㡗䢪⯒ ⽊₆☚ 䟊㣪 “When feeling bored, (we) also see movies.” 䏶㣪㧒 㞚䂾㠦 㫆ₛ㦚 䞮₆☚ 䟊㣪 “(I) also jog on Saturday morning.” Exercise 23.8 10 ⰺ㧒 㣪Ṗ⯒ 䞮₆Ṗ 㠊⩺㤢㣪 “Doing yoga everyday is difficult.” 䝚⧧㓺 㦢㔳㦚 Ⱒ✺₆Ṗ 㠊⩺㤢㣪 “Making French food is difficult.” 㔲䠮㠦 ⟾㠊㰖₆Ṗ 㓂㤢㣪 “(It) is easy to fail a test.” 㧊㌂䞮₆ṖG䧮✺㠊㣪 “Changing one’s residence is laborious.” ⏎⧮⯒G⯊₆ṖG㫡㞚㣪 “(It) is nice to sing songs.” 㹾⯒G䌖₆ṖG䘎䟊㣪 “Riding a car is convenient.” 㧒䞮₆ṖG㕁㠊㣪 “(It) is unpleasant to work.” 㣪Ⰲ䞮₆Ṗ 㨂⹎㧞㠊㣪 “Cooking is interesting.” ゾ⧮⯒ 䞮₆Ṗ ‖㺄㞚㣪 “Doing the laundry is bothersome.” ⰺ㧒G㤊☯䞮₆ṖG䧮✺㠊㣪 “Exercising everyday is laborious.” Exercise 23.9 㫡₆⓪㣪 㡗䢪⯒ ⽊₆⓪㣪 㧦㭒 Ⱒ⋮₆⓪㣪 ➆⦑䞮₆⓪㣪 㰖⩆䞮₆⓪㣪 Exercise 23.10 276 10 ⌊㧒G㡺㩚 XW 㔲㠦G☢㞚㢊 “Will be back at 10 a.m tomorrow.” 㡺⓮G㩖⎗ 㓺䎢㧊䋂㧚 “Tonight’s dinner is steak.” 㹾Gἶ㼺㦢 “Repaired (your) car.” 㰧㠦G㞞GṪ㦢 “Did not go home.” 㢍 ㌖㦢 “Bought the dress.” 㠊㩲GⲎⰂG㧮⧦㦢 “Had a hair cut yesterday.” 㤆ⰂṖ 㰖ṧ ⽊ὖ䞮ἶ 㧞㦢 “We are keeping (your) wallet.” 㧙㠊⻚Ⰶ Ṳ 㺔㞮㦢 “Found the lost dog.” ⭎Ⲫ㧊䔎 ῂ䞾 “Seeking a roommate.” 㡗䢪 㨂⹎㠜㦢 “The movie is uninteresting.” Thuvientailieu.net.vn Unit 24 Key to exercises Exercise 24.1 ⋮Ṗ “㩲 㧒㹣 㧒㠊⋮⧒” ⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “(My) older sister said ‘For heaven’s sake, get up early.’” 㞺✲⮮Ṗ “ゾⰂ ➆⧒㡺㎎㣪” ⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Andrew said ‘Follow (me) immediately.’” 㧊㌂㧊 “㩫Ⱖ 㤆㥶⯒ 㧮 Ⱎ㔲⍺㣪” ⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Isabel said ‘(You) really drink milk well.’” Ⰲ㌂Ṗ “㩖⎗㠦 㩖䧂 㰧㠦 ✺⯊㎎㣪” ⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Lisa said ‘Stop by our house in the evening.’” ㍶㌳┮㧊 “㡺⓮ 㑮㠛 ⊳” 㧊⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Teacher said ‘The end of class for today.’” 䙊㧊 “䞒㧦 ⲏ㧦” ⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Paul said ‘Let us eat pizza.’” ⰞⰂ㞚Ṗ “㹢ṲṖ ⱋ┺” ⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Maria said ‘Pot stew is spicy.’” ぢ⧮✲Ṗ “㤆Ⰲ ⁞㣪㧒㠦 Ⱒ⋮㧦” ⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Brad said ‘Let us meet on Friday.’” ┞䆲㧊 “㧊➆ 㔲Ṛ 㧞㦒Ⳋ 㩚䢪䟊” ⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Nicole said ‘Call (me) if (you) have time later.’” 10 㰖⋮Ṗ “㰧㠦 㞞 Ṗ㎎㣪?” ⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 ‘Gina said ‘Don’t you go home?’” Exercise 24.2 ⳾┞䃊Ṗ Ⓤ㣫㠦 [ Ἒ㩞㧊 㧞┺ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Monica said that there are four seasons in New York.” 㞺㍲┞Ṗ ⌊㧒 ㏢⋮₆Ṗ ⌊ⰂỶ┺ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Anthony said that (it) would shower tomorrow.” ㌂ぢⰂ⋮ṖG 㰧㎎ṖG 㢂⧦┺ἶG 䟞㠊㣪 “Sabrina said that house rent went up.” 㩲㧊㓾㧊 㡺⓮ 㓺䕢Ợ䕆⯒ Ⱒ✶┺ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Jason said that (he) would make spaghetti today.” 㫆❪Ṗ ⌊㧒 ┺㔲 㩚䢪䞮Ỷ┺ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Jodie said that (she) would call again tomorrow.” 㓺䕆ぢṖG㠎㩲G㰗㧻㦚G⁎Ⱒ⛖⌦ἶGⶒ㠞㠊㣪 “Steve asked (me) when (I) quitted (my) job.” 㯊Ⰲ㞚ṖG㠎㩲G㰧㠦G㡺⌦ἶGⶒ㠞㠊㣪 “Julia asked (them) when (he) would come home.” 㠦㓺▪ṖG 㧊G 㹾ṖG ῂG Ệ⌦ἶG ⶒ㠞㠊㣪 “Esther asked (me) whose car this is.” 㩲ⰂṖG 㧮G 㰖⌊ἶG 㧞⌦ἶG ⶒ㠞㠊㣪 “Jerry asked (me) how (I) am getting along.” 10 ◆㧊㰖ṖGⳝG㔲⌦ἶGⶒ㠞㠊㣪 “Daisy asked (her) what time it is.” Thuvientailieu.net.vn 277 Key to exercises Exercise 24.3 㠦Ⰳ㧊 ⻚㓺⯒ 䌖㧦ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Eric suggested that (we) take a bus.” ⋮㡺⹎Ṗ 㡺䤚 Y 㔲㠦 Ⱒ⋮㧦ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Naomi suggested that (we) meet at p.m.” 䋊⧒⧒Ṗ ṯ㧊 㣪Ṗ⯒ 㔲㧧䞮㧦ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Clara suggested that (we) start yoga together.” 㫆㰖Ṗ 㧊⻞ 㭒Ⱖ㠦 ṯ㧊 㡗䢪⯒ ⽊㧦ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “George suggested that (we) see a movie together this weekend.” ⋮䌞ⰂṖ ⁎ 䂲ῂ⯒ ☚㢖 㭒㧦ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Natalie suggested that (we) help that friend.” 㞚゚Ṗ㧒㧊 ゾ⧮⯒ 䞮⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Abigail told (me) to laundry.” 䅖ゞ㧊 㡊㕂䧞 Ὃ䞮⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Kevin told (her) to study hard.” ┺㧊㠦⋮Ṗ YW 㞞㠦 ⌊⩺㡺⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 “Diana told (us) to come down within 20 minutes.” 㪎㓺䕊㧊G䢪⌊㰖GⰦ⧒ἶG䟞㠊㣪 “Justin told (him) not to be angry.” 10 㧒⩞㧎㧊G㡊㐶⯒G㺔㦒⧒ἶG䟞㠊㣪 “Elaine told (them) to find keys.” Exercise 24.4 ㌮㧊G㡺⓮GG⟶⋲┺ἶG䟞㠊㣪 Ⰲ㌂ṖGⳝG㔲㠦G㧦⌦ἶGⶒ㠞㠊㣪 䙊㧊G䞲ῃG㦢㔳㦚Gⲏ㧦ἶG䟞㠊㣪 ㍶㌳┮㧊G㫆㣿䧞G䞮⧒ἶG䟞㠊㣪 㑮㧪㧊G㡺⓮GG㩚䢪䞶GỆ⧒ἶ 䟞㠊㣪 Exercise 24.5 㦢㔳㧊 ⰱ㧞┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲┺ ㍲゚㓺Ṗ 㫡┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲┺ 䄺䞒Ṗ ⍞ⶊ 㰚䟞┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䞲┺ ⌊㧒䎆 㤊☯㦚 㔲㧧䟊㟒Ỷ┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䟞┺ 㫊䞲䎢 㧊Ⲫ㧒㦚 㖾㟒Ỷ┺ἶ ㌳ṗ䟞┺ 278 Thuvientailieu.net.vn INDEX Page numbers in bold refer to those pages in the book where the relevant grammar point is discussed in detail auxiliary verbs 27–8, 122 auxiliary verb ~ἶGⰦ┺ 27, 35 auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚GṖ┺ 27, 28 – auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚G⋮┺ 27 auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚G⌊┺ 27, 33–4 auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚G⏩┺ 27, 42 – auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚G⚦┺G 43 auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚G⻚Ⰲ┺ 27, 33 – auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚G⽊┺ 27, 28, 158 auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚G㡺┺ 27, 28 – auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚G㧞┺G 43–4 auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚G㭒┺ 27, 35 – auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚㰖┺ 27, 46 auxiliary verb ~㠊/㞚䞮┺ 27, 45 – causatives 131 – suffix ~ῂG 131 suffix ~₆G 131 – suffix ~㤆G 131 suffix ~㧊G 131 – suffix ~ⰂG 131 – suffix ~䧞G 131 – suffix ~㿪G 131 clausal conjunctives 51 – conjunctive ~Ệ⋮G 87 – conjunctive ~Ệ✶G 76 – conjunctive ~ἶ 51 – 2, 85 – conjunctive ~ⓦ⧒ἶG 65 conjunctive ~⓪/(㦒)ච◆G105 – conjunctive ~⓪/(㦖)ච◆☚G107 conjunctive ~┺ṖG 97 – conjunctive ~▪┞G 197 conjunctive ~▪⧒☚G 198 – conjunctive ~☚⪳G 51, 56 conjunctive ~✶㰖G 88 – conjunctive ~㠊/㞚☚G 115, 120, 198 conjunctive ~㠊/㞚㍲ 51–4, 61 – 3, 64 – conjunctive ~㠊/㞚㟒G 75 – 6, 123 conjunctive conjunctive conjunctive conjunctive conjunctive conjunctive 98 conjunctive conjunctive conjunctive conjunctive 198 conjunctive conjunctive conjunctive ~㠞/㞮▪⧒ⳊG 198 ~(㦒)⋮G114 – ~(㦒)┞₢G 53 – 4, 64 – ~(㦒)ඥ㑮⪳G 75 ~(㦒)⩂G 51, 54 – ~(㦒)⩺ἶG 51, 53, 55, 74, ~(㦒)⩺┺ṖG 98 – ~(㦒)⩺ⳊG 74 ~(㦒)ⳆG86 – ~(㦒)ⳊG 72 – 3, 74 – 5, 121 – 2, ~(㦒)Ⳋ㍲G 51, 95 – ~㧦Ⱎ㧦G 96 ~㰖Ⱒ 51 – 3, 113–4 ellipsis 107 honorific suffix ~(㦒)㔲G 12 – 13 modality ability 178 – 80 evidentiality 146 – 50 obligation 122 – permission 120 – possibility 178 – 80 prohibition 121 – modifiers 137 –40 noun-modifying ending ~⓪G 137 –8, 146 – 8, 157 – 60, 166 – 9, 186 – noun-modifying ending ~▮G196 noun-modifying ending ~(㦒)චG 138 – 9, 146 – 8, 157 – 8, 160, 166 – 9, 186 – noun-modifying ending ~(㦒)ඥG 139–40, 146 – 8, 169 – 70, 178 – 80, 186 – relative clause 137 – 40, 186 Thuvientailieu.net.vn 279 negation 122 negative ⴑG178 – negative 㞞G121 – nominalization 205 – 11 nominalizing ending ~₆ 205 – 10 nominalizing ending ~(㦒)ත 210 – 11 Index particles particle ṯ㧊G20 particle ₢㰖G21 particle ☚ 107, 179, 210 particle ⪲G 208 particle Ⱎ┺G 21 particle Ⱎ㩖G21 particle ⰢG22, 76, 179 particle Ⱒ䋒G 20 particle 㠦G22, 179 particle ⽊┺G19 – 20 particle 㠦G158 – 9, 166, 168, 206 – particle 㠦ỢG130 particle 㦖/⓪G98, 205 – particle 㧊/ṖG180, 209 – 10 particle 㫆㹾G21 particle 㻮⩒G20 particle 䞲䎢G130 passives 129 – 30, 131 – suffix ~₆G 129, 130, 132 suffix ~㧊G 129, 131 – suffix ~ⰂG 129, 130, 132 suffix ~䧞G 129, 131 – post modifiers 157 ~⓪ ₎G157 ~⓪ ☚㭧G159 ~⓪ ☯㞞G158 – ~⓪G⧢㠦G168 ~⓪G㭧㧊┺G 159 – 60 ~⓪/(㦒)ච ộ㧊┺G 168 – ~⓪/(㦒)ච ╖⪲G 166 ~⓪/(㦒)ච 㻯/㼊䞮┺G 167 – ~⓪/(㦒)ච 䘎㧊┺G160 ~(㦒)ච 㩗/㧒G157 – ~(㦒)ච 䤚㠦G166 – ~(㦒)ඥ ➢G169 – 70 ~(㦒)ඥ ㄪ䟞┺G169 predicate type restriction 53, 56, 73, 113 progressive 44, 159 – 60 question direct question 186 – indirect question 186 – quotation abbreviated indirect quotation endings 222 – direct quotation 219 – 20 indirect quotation 219 – 23 indirect quotation particle ἶ 195, 220 – quotation particle (㧊)⧒ἶG219 quotation particle 䞮ἶG 220 retrospective suffix ~▪G 195–8 sentence-final endings ending ~Ệ✶㣪G 76 – ending ~ῆ㣪G 14– 15 ending ~⍺㣪G 13– 14 ending ~⓪/(㦒)ච◆㣪G107 ending ~▪⧒ῂ㣪G 195 ending ~㰖㣪G 11 – 13 sentence types – 3, 28, 53–4, 56, 63 – 4, 73, 114, 221 declarative – 3, 53 – 5, 64, 120, 221 imperative – 3, 53 – 4, 63, 65, 76, 222 interrogative – 3, 53 – 5, 64, 120, 158, 222 propositive – 3, 53 – 4, 63, 65, 76, 222 speech levels 11 deferential speech level 2, 11, 52 intimate speech level – 2, 11 plain speech level – 3, 11, 221 – polite speech level – 2, 11, 120, 221 subject agreement restriction 52 – 3, 54 – 6, 65, 73, 113 suffixes suffix ~ỶG 13 – 15 suffix ~ῆG 11 suffix ~⍺G 11 suffix ~㰖G 11 tense 27 – 8, 52, 219 past 14 – 15, 46, 52, 74, 97 – 8, 106, 138 – 40, 146 – 50, 170, 186 – 7, 196 – 8, 207 present 137 – 8, 146, 186 – prospective 139 – 40, 146, 186 – tense agreement restriction 52, 54 – 6, 63, 65, 73, 86 – 7, 95 – 6, 113 voice 27, 129 280 Thuvientailieu.net.vn