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IUPAC: each name consists of 3 parts prefix indicates position, number, and type of branches indicates position, number, and type of each functional group parent indicates the length of the longest carbon chain or ring suffix indicates the type of hydrocarbon ane, ene, yne certain functional groups
Company LOGO Natural Sciences Department Module 3: NOMENCLATURE IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Company Lecturer: Nguyen Van Tien LOGO Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry Module 3: Nomenclature Company LOGO Content I Naming Hydrocarbon II Naming other organic compounds III Drawing Structural Formulas Company Naming LOGO IUPAC: each name consists of parts prefix indicates position, number, and type of branches indicates position, number, and type of each functional group parent indicates the length of the longest carbon chain or ring suffix indicates the type of hydrocarbon ane, ene, yne certain functional groups Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry Module 3: Nomenclature Company LOGO NAMING HYDROCARBON Aliphatic hydrocarbons ALKANES (CnH2n+2) ALKENES (CnH2n) ALKYNES (CnH2n-2) Aromatic hydrocarbons: (CnH2n-6) Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry Module 3: Nomenclature Company LOGO Naming Alkanes 1) Find the longest continuous carbon chain 2) Number the chain from end closest to a branch 3) Name branches as alkyl groups locate each branch by preceding its name with the carbon number on the chain 4) List branches alphabetically not count n-, sec-, t-, count iso 5) Use prefix if more than one of same group present di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa not count in alphabetizing Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry Module 3: Nomenclature Company Alkyl Groups LOGO H H C H C H -, M E T H Y L H H H C C H H C H C H -, E T H Y L H H H H C C C H H H C H C H C H -, P R O P Y L H CH3 H C C H H ( C H ) C H -, IS O P R O P Y L Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry Module 3: Nomenclature Company LOGO More Alkyl Groups H H H H H C C C C H H H H C H C H C H C H -, n-BU TYL H H CH3 H C C C H H H C H C H (C H )C H-, sec-B UTYL H H C H (C H ) C HC H -, IS OB U TYL CH3 H C C H H CH3 H3C C CH3 Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry (C H ) C-, tert- BUTYL Module 3: Nomenclature Company LOGO Example – Name the alkane CH3CHCH2CHCH3 CH3 CH3 1) find the longest continuous C chain and use it to determine the base name CH3CHCH2CHCH3 CH3 CH3 since the longest chain has C the base name is pentane Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry Module 3: Nomenclature Company LOGO Example – Name the alkane CH3CHCH2CHCH3 CH3 CH3 2) identify the substituent branches CH3CHCH2CHCH3 CH3 CH3 there are substituents both are C chains, called methyl Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry Module 3: Nomenclature Company LOGO Example – Name the alkane 3) number the chain from the end closest to a substituent branch if first substituents equidistant from end, go to next substituent in then assign numbers to each substituent based on the number of the main chain C it’s attached to CH3CHCH2CHCH3 both substituents are equidistant from the end CH3 Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry CH3 Module 3: Nomenclature Company LOGO Example – Name the alkane 4) write the name in the following order 1) 2) 3) 4) substituent number of first alphabetical substituent followed by dash substituent name of first alphabetical substituent followed by dash if it’s the last substituent listed, no dash use prefixes to indicate multiple identical substituents repeat for other substituents alphabetically name of main chain CH3CHCH2CHCH3 CH3 CH3 2,4 –dimethylpentane Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry Module 3: Nomenclature Company LOGO Practice – Name the Following methyl CH3 CH3 CHCHCH2 CH3 CH2 CH3 ethyl there are substituents find the the longest continuous Cclosest chaintoand number chain from the endbranches a use identify the substituent branch itsubstituent to determine the base name Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry Module 3: Nomenclature 12 Company LOGO Practice – Name the Following methyl CH3 CH3 CHCHCH2 CH3 CH2 CH3 ethyl 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane Company LOGO Drawing Structural Formulas 4-ethyl-2-methylhexane draw and number the base chain carbon skeleton add the carbon skeletons of each substituent on the appropriate main chain C add in required H’s C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C CH3 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH3 CH3 H2C CH3 Company LOGO Practice – Draw the structural formula 4-isopropyl-2-methylheptane draw and number the base chain carbon skeleton add the carbon skeletons of each substituent on the add chain in required H’s appropriate main C [...]... Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry Module 3: Nomenclature Company LOGO Practice – Name the Following methyl CH3 CH3 CHCHCH2 CH3 1 2 3 4 5 CH2 CH3 ethyl there are 2 substituents find the the longest continuous Cclosest chaintoand number chain from the endbranches a use identify the substituent branch itsubstituent to determine the base name Chapter 1: General Organic Chemistry Module 3: Nomenclature 12... Module 3: Nomenclature 12 Company LOGO Practice – Name the Following methyl CH3 CH3 CHCHCH2 CH3 1 2 3 4 5 CH2 CH3 ethyl 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane Company LOGO Drawing Structural Formulas 4-ethyl-2-methylhexane draw and number the base chain carbon skeleton add the carbon skeletons of each substituent on the appropriate main chain C add in required H’s C C C C C C 1 2 3 4 5 6 C C C C C C C C C CH3... Name the alkane 4) write the name in the following order 1) 2) 3) 4) substituent number of first alphabetical substituent followed by dash substituent name of first alphabetical substituent followed by dash if it’s the last substituent listed, no dash use prefixes to indicate multiple identical substituents repeat for other substituents alphabetically name of main chain CH3CHCH2CHCH3 CH3 2 CH3 2,4... C C CH3 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH3 CH3 H2C CH3 Company LOGO Practice – Draw the structural formula 4-isopropyl-2-methylheptane draw and number the base chain carbon skeleton add the carbon skeletons of each substituent on the add chain in required H’s appropriate main C