Notes Complete the story, writing the correct tense and form of the verbs between brackets The Past Perfect Tense A Rainforest Adventure Form: Affirmative: subject + had + past participle I had finished my homework when she arrived Negative: subject + hadn’t + past participle She was hungry because she hadn’t had lunch Interrogative: Had + subject + past participle Had she studied French before she went to Paris ? Last summer, four friends – Tom, Jack, Sally and Samantha - (travel) with their families to the Amazon rainforest on holiday The teenagers 2(not be supposed) to walk through the forest on their own but they ( not resist) having a rainforest adventure! Use: They 4(set) off early in the We use the Past Perfect to express: morning with a pair of binoculars, a matchbox, a Something that had happened before something else took place When I got home, he had already left camera, a torch, some sandwiches and some water in their rucksacks At the last minute, Sally and Samantha (decide) not to go, because they (think) they’d get (* we use the Past Simple in the second action ) A past situation with a hypothetical result (Conditional 3) If I had known you were coming, I I would have made a cake We often use by the time, when, before, after, as soon as to make sentences with the Past Simple and the Past Perfect Past Simple too tired Tom photos while Jack 8(try) to observe the birds and animals with his binoculars Under a huge old tree, they 9(find) a canoe that 10(certainly be) there for a long time because it was covered with a heap of dry branches and leaves The boys Use the past simple to talk about activities which took place at a specified time in the past (the time may be clear or implied in the context.) Did you meet him last week? I saw your sister at the party two weeks ago We didn’t know the answer to question n.2 Past Continuous strange sounds Use the Past Continuous (take) landscape they 11 (have) so much fun that 12(complet ely forget) to mark their They 13 way on the map (see) so many beautiful birds and noisy monkeys leaping from branch to branch, they (walk) They .14(hear) such as they through the 15 forest! 16 (never for a longer action in the past They were travelling around the world for most of the year in 2010 experience) anything like that before At about actions that were in progress when another action was completed They were staying at a five star hotel when they threw the fruit pies at one another 18 midday, the boys 17 (be) hungry and thirsty That was when they (remember) that the girls (put) the sandwiches in 19 their rucksacks Now, with no mobile phones and anything to eat, what would they do? without Part Part The Tom and Jack 20 21 woman 40 (continue) walking but they soon ( be) tired and worried and sweets She Jack 22 (do) what he could (go) out and (come) back with some fruit 41 (put) an oil lamp 42 on a small table and (offer) 43 to show optimism ‘ Look! If we take them some coconut water The boys 44 that track, we’ll get back in no time! (be) too tired They It’s a shortcut to the village′, he said and sun Time 23 the boys (go) by and 24 (not know) what to It up 46 when the (rise) A 47 cock 48 (crow) as the nice old couple (walk) 25 (wake) (fall) asleep 45 to the spot the (get) darker and darker and they still boys couldn’t see the lights of the village boat the day before The boys and the old ′Don’t you think we should camp under couple that tree and wait till dawn to go on? ′, it, Tom asked ′I think you’re right, Tom’, heads and Jack answered ′If we river Then, they 26 (help) the girls pack our things, we where 49 (see) an old wooden 50 52 51 (raise) it above their 53 (carry) it to the 54 boys forest′, he added boatyard 55(arrive) (not talk) about their fears, they 28 the their 56 (wait) for them ′Thank goodness, you’re safe!′, Jack’s father boat (be) totally confused While at where families Although they (row) down the winding river Half an hour later, the wouldn’t have ended up starving in the 27 (lift) 57 58 (shout) as the (get) near the shore they ′And thank you for helping our boys′, their (prepare) to lie down under a mothers big tree and spend the night in the simply (smile) and darkness of the forest, Tom 60 29 30 (see) lights twinkling in a small wooden house built on stilts by the river The boys 31 (look) at each other and 32 (start) to run down the path Before long, they 33(knock ) at the little house door An old couple 34 (answer) it, 35 (smile) at them, but they couldn’t understand their language Even so, they must have understood that they boys 36 ( get) lost in the forest So they 37 (invite) them to go in with a wave and a smile The old lady 38 (open) a room door and (show) them 39 some mats where they could sit said to the old couple 59 (wave) at the people around them They KEY PART PART TRAVELLED CONTINUED WEREN’T SUPPOSED DIDN’T RESIST SET OFF DECIDED THOUGHT PART WERE DID 21 WENT 23 HAD HELPED WAS TRYING DIDN’T TALK WERE HAD CERTAINLY BEEN WERE HAVING SAW 11 HAD COMPLETELY FORGOTTEN HAD SEEN HAD HEARD WERE WALKING HAD NEVER EXPERIENCED WERE 17 REMEMBERED HAD PUT 18 19 29 45 46 WALKED LIFTED 31 47 34 33 50 51 52 CARRIED ROWED 48 49 RAISED 32 SMILED35 16 44 HAD SEEN ANSWERED 15 FELL 43 WAS CROWING WERE KNOCKING 14 42 WAS RISING 27 30 STARTED 13 41 WOKE 28 LOOKED 12 25 26 WERE PREPARING 10 CAME WERE 24 It WAS GETTING 40 OFFERED DIDN’T KNOW WENT PUT 22 WAS TAKING FOUND 20 53 54 ARRIVED 55 HAD GOT 36 WERE WAITING INVITED 37 SHOUTED OPENED 38 WAS GETTING SHOWED 39 SMILED 56 57 58 59 WAVED60 *The passage was based on an extra activity for Lesson 4C in Redston C et al Face2Face Intermediate – Teacher’s Book- p 144, C.U.P.,2007