A Famous Place english-to-go.com Pre-Intermediate Instant Lesson™ Pre-Reading Activities A: Discussion Work with a group of three or four to answer the questions Discuss the names below Where is each one found? Why is each one famous? • The White House • The Coliseum • The Great Wall • Mt Everest • Red Square • The Taj Mahal • Mecca B: Ranking Work in a group of four Imagine that you are a family group and you have won a week's holiday for your group You can go to any one of the places below You will be given a role Do not show your role to the others in your group Instead you must read or describe what is written on your card Work together and decide where you will go Everyone in the group must be happy with the decision • a safari trip through Africa • a beach in the Greek Islands • New York • a country farm in New Zealand or Australia • Hong Kong • a mountain trek in the Himilayas • Venice Be ready to present your decision to the class and give reasons for your choice C: What Do You Know? Today's article is about a famous building, the Leaning Tower of Pisa Work with a group and write down all you know about this famous place (If you have never heard of it, you could use the Internet to find some information.) Reading Activities A: Finding the Main Idea Read the article quickly (do not read every word) and decide which of these headlines summarizes the main idea of the article Leaning Tower Now Straight Leaning Tower of Pisa Leaning Less, to Reopen Eleven Years of Work to Fix Leaning Tower Leaning Tower, Famous Italian Building ROME Friday April (Reuters) - After 11 years of work to haul it closer to the vertical, the Leaning Tower of Pisa will reopen to visitors in November, Italy’s Public Works Minister Nerio Nesi said Friday The 12th-century tower, one of Italy’s most famous images, was closed in 1990 because it was deemed to be leaning too far for tourists to climb safely Michele Jamiolkowski, head of the team straightening the tower but not by too much said the lean had been reduced by 39.6 centimeters (15.59 inches) so far and the eight-story Glossary: vertical - standing straight up, completely upright edifice should be nudged back another four millimeters (0.1575 inch) over the next few days “Eleven years of work are not that much when you consider it took 200 to build the monument in the first place,” Nesi said The lean team pulled the tower back using huge lead counterweights and said the work should keep the building, which stands apart from the main body of Pisa’s cathedral, safe for the next 300 years ARTICLE © 2001 REUTERS LIMITED LESSON © 2002 WWW.ENGLISH-TO-GO.COM to nudge - to push very gently ARTICLE © 2001 REUTERS LIMITED LESSON © 2002 WWW.ENGLISH-TO-GO.COM B: Comprehension Work with a partner to answer the questions Find the answers in the article Do not use a dictionary How long have the repairs taken? When will the tower be reopened? When was the tower built? When was it closed? Why was it closed? How tall is the tower? "Eleven years of work are not that much " Why is eleven years not too long to repairs? What was the job of the 'lean team'? C: Guessing From Context Part 1: Work with a partner to guess the meaning of the words below from today's article Be ready to share your guesses with the class Think about: • the part of speech of the unknown word; • the words in front of and after the unknown word in the sentence; • the meaning of the whole sentence "After 11 years of work to haul it closer to the vertical, the Leaning Tower of Pisa will reopen to visitors in November, Italy's Public Works Minister Nerio Nesi said Friday." haul - "The 12th-century tower, one of Italy's most famous images, was closed in 1990 because it was deemed to be leaning too far for tourists to climb safely." deemed - "Michele Jamiolkowski, head of the team straightening the tower but not by too much said the lean had been reduced by 39.6 centimeters (15.59 inches) so far and the eight-story edifice should be nudged back another four millimeters (0.1575 inch) over the next few days." edifice - Part 2: Your teacher will now give you a list of meanings of them are the meanings of the words in Part D: Language - the Passive Look at these sentences from today's article The tower was closed in 1990 The lean had been reduced by 39.6 centimeters Rewrite the sentences in the active using the sentence beginnings below: a The government b Michele Jamiolkowski, head of the lean team, said the team Now rewrite these sentences in the active a The tower was visited by thousands of tourists every year before its closure in 1990 b The tower is considered by experts to be one of Italy's most famous images c The tower was constructed by builders in the 12th century d The tower was pulled back by the lean team using huge lead counterweights ARTICLE © 2001 REUTERS LIMITED LESSON © 2002 WWW.ENGLISH-TO-GO.COM These sentences about another famous building, the Coliseum, are in the active However, it would be better if they were in the passive, because who built the Coliseum is unimportant It is the Coliseum that is important Active: Builders constructed the Coliseum during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian Passive: The Coliseum was constructed during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian Rewrite these sentences using the passive a Builders constructed the Coliseum during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian b They built the Coliseum of brick and concrete c They covered the exterior of the building with stone d They decorated the first three stories with arches e Builders added a fourth story later f During the Middle Ages people used stones from the Coliseum to build new buildings Post-Reading Activities You may one or more of these A: Places of Interest Plan a talk of around minutes about a famous place in your city/country, or a place that you have visited/would like to visit Use maps and pictures if you can and make your talk as interesting as possible Try to include: a bit of the history of the place you are talking about, what people can there, where it is, why it is interesting to you You may like to use the Internet to find your information B: Vocabulary Choose three words from today's article that you not know Then complete the following: Copy the sentence from today's article (with the unknown word) Underline the words which go together with the new word Look in the dictionary and find as much information as you can Do all of the following: check the part of speech; read the example sentence if there is one; notice other words (that you already know) with the same or opposite meaning; write a simple definition of the word in English and in your own language; write your own sentence using the new word C: Writing a poem Read the short poem below My son was bitten by a dog My computer was attacked by a virus My phone was disconnected because I hadn't paid the bill and I was visited by my mother-in-law What a terrible day! Write your own poem based on a bad day you have had (or an imaginary one) Be ready to share your poem with the class ARTICLE © 2001 REUTERS LIMITED LESSON © 2002 WWW.ENGLISH-TO-GO.COM TEACHERS' NOTES AND ANSWER KEY Pre-Reading Activities A: Discussion - Notes If your students not have much knowledge of the world you may want to encourage them to find out about just one of the places below by using the Internet or you could provide some stimulus material Then students could present their findings on their particular place to the class The White House - the building in Washington DC (USA) where the US President lives Also the offices of the US Government Work began on the building in 1792 The Coliseum - a famous building in Rome, Italy, built by the Roman emperors Vespasian and Titus for contests and games The building was completed by A.D 80 Parts of it are still standing The Great Wall - the longest structure ever built (about 4,000 miles or 6,400 kilometers) The wall crosses northern China between the east coast and northcentral China and was built to keep out invaders It was constructed by hand It can be seen from the moon Mecca - the holiest city for Islam, the religion of the Muslims It lies in western Saudi Arabia The city is the birthplace of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam Muslims face Mecca when they pray Only Muslims may enter the city Mt Everest - the tallest mountain in the world, part of the Himilayas, in Nepal Red Square - a square in Moscow, Russia, about 1/4 mile (0.4 kilometer) long, lies just outside the walls of the Kremlin The tomb of Lenin was placed in Red Square The Taj Mahal - a marble building built by the Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife in the 17th century North of New Delhi, India B: Ranking - Notes Students are role playing members of a family group This family is an extended family of a grandmother, her two sons, and the daughter of one of the sons If you wish, you could add more background by explaining that the daughter-in-law (i.e the wife of one of the two sons and mother of the girl) died some years ago, and since that time, the uncle has lived with the family to help them with the family business.) (You could continue the story by adding that the grandmother entered a competition and the family have won first prize; a trip for four people to one of the places listed There is no correct answer here Students have a good opportunity to give opinions and discuss issues Choose one speaker from each group to present their final decision and give reasons If you are not able to have groups of four, remove one of the roles to make groups of three or create another family member to make groups of five B: Ranking - Text to be given to students Student A: the grandmother You are an elderly woman You want to relax somewhere nice and quiet because you are not as confident as you once were, and you have some health problems You are the mother of Students A and B, and the grandmother of Student D Student B: the son You are in your fifties You have never been overseas You would love to see the world but you are worried about leaving your town and not like taking risks You are the son of Student A, the father of Student D and the brother of Student C Student C: the uncle You are in your fifties You are an experienced traveler who likes lots of action and adventure You want to have an exciting holiday You are the son of Student A, the uncle of Student D and the brother of Student B Student D: the granddaughter You are in your twenties You are studying for your doctorate in geology You don't want to be a 'tourist' You don't like looking at museums and old churches You want to be outside, looking at the land and getting some information for your study You are the granddaughter of Student A, the daughter of Student B and the niece of Student C Reading Activities A: Finding the Main Idea - Answer Headline was the original headline (Headline is incorrect Headline is correct but has only half of the main idea (because it doesn't mention that it is going to be reopened to the public and Headline is correct but is just a general statement about the tower.) B: Comprehension - Answers Eleven years November, 2001 In the 12th century (i.e between 1100 and 1200 AD) In 1990 It was decided that it wasn't safe (because it was leaning too much) Eight stories (levels) high It took 200 years to build it, so 11 years is not very long They had to pull the tower back to make it safe again C: Guessing From Context - Notes Part You may wish to the first word together as a class to model the process and then have students work on the other two themselves Part Give students the text below for Part (or write the list of meanings on the board.) Students now match the words with their meanings (Their work from Part will help them this.) C: Guessing from Context - Text to be given to Students Part Here are meanings Match the words from Part A with their meanings (Remember that only three of the meanings are correct!) a statue, happened, to pull something very heavy, to build something to make something smaller, thought; considered, a large and impressive building, guessed, a small building like a house D: Language - the Passive - Notes You may wish to explain the rules formally, though the example sentences provide raw materials for the students to form their own rules For Number 3, Sentences b, c and d could also be written using the simple present passive as they describe the building as it is now This removes the focus from the action of building entirely Sentences a, e and f must be written in the simple past tense as they describe completed actions in the past (You may decide not to look at this unless your students are fairly confident about tenses and also the idea of the passive.) Students will enjoy Post-Reading Activity C which gives them more practice with the passive voice D: Language - the Passive - Suggested Answers a The government closed the tower in 1990 b Michele Jamiolkowski, head of the lean team, said the team had reduced the lean by 39.6 centimeters a Thousands of tourists visited the tower every year before its closure in 1990 b Experts consider the tower to be one of Italy's most famous images c Builders constructed the tower in the 12th century d The lean team pulled the tower back using huge lead counterweights a The Coliseum was constructed during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian b The Coliseum was built of brick and concrete (or The Coliseum is built of brick and concrete.) c The exterior of the building was covered with stone d The first three stories were decorated with arches e A fourth story was added later f During the Middle Ages stones from the Coliseum were used to build new buildings Post-Reading Activities A: Places of Interest - Notes This activity is a good opportunity to collect data on your students' speaking ability You may wish to give each student written feedback on what they need to work on to improve their speaking B: Vocabulary - Notes Students may need the process of finding out about a word modeled to them using both the text and a dictionary C: What Do You Know? - Notes You may wish to this task as a class so there is a better pool of knowledge Otherwise you could have some information on Pisa already prepared to give out if you think the students will need it © 2002 English To Go Ltd All rights reserved News article © 2001 Reuters, used with permission Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go and Instant Lessons are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com 0104cula ARTICLE © 2001 REUTERS LIMITED LESSON © 2002 WWW.ENGLISH-TO-GO.COM Past Simple and Continuous An Intermediate Grammar Worksheet from Anna Grammar™ The past simple is used: for an action that started and ended in the past I saw a ghost last Friday Our cat climbed a tree five minutes ago In June 2005 I visited Rome and Florence for a repeated action in the past When I was young, I watched lots of television every day after school.* I always gave my mother flowers on her birthday *(We could also say, I used to watch lots of television.) for stative verbs, which are verbs that not express an action, but a state of mind or being, e.g have (own), be, think (believe), know, dislike, need, owe, understand, wish He had a small cottage in the woods He wasn't afraid of ghosts I knew all the other children at my school when I was a child Regular past simple tense verbs end in -ed I talked to my uncle yesterday I phoned my girlfriend this morning Irregular past simple tense verbs not end in -ed You need to learn irregular past tense verbs I felt sick yesterday morning so I went to the doctor The past continuous tense is used: when talking about TWO actions in the past; one continues for a period, and the other starts and ends (past simple) While I was talking on the phone, someone stole my car I was making breakfast when the cat knocked over the milk carton, so I burnt the toast These sentences usually use while or when to talk about TWO actions in the past, both happening over a period I was working on my computer and my children were watching television to talk about a TEMPORARY activity taking place over a limited time I was living in Indooroopilly when it happened I was staying at my friend's house while my parents were touring Italy The past continuous tense is was / were + the present participle (The present participle is the base of a verb + ing i.e walk walking) © 2006 English To Go Ltd All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go and Anna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com Exercise 1- A DISASTROUS DINNER Read the story Mark the past tenses in two colors - one for past simple and one for past continuous Last Friday, Mrs Anderson planned to have a delicious dinner She bought a T-bone steak and some cream and apples for an apple pie When she came home from the shops she put her shopping on the table While she was setting the table, her two pets sat underneath it and watched her Then she went to the kitchen to make the pastry for the pie She was a little forgetful so she didn't realize he steak, cream and apples were still on the table While she was making the pastry, the dog jumped on a chair and looked longingly at the steak At last it took the steak in its mouth and jumped off the chair, just as Mrs Anderson was coming back into the dining room Mrs Anderson screamed, but the dog ran into the garden She ran after the dog While she was chasing the dog, the cat jumped on the table and started drinking the cream Mrs Anderson didn't manage to catch the dog, and she came back into the dining room When she saw the cat, she shrieked, and the cat got such a fright that it jumped a meter into the air, and leapt out the window Mrs Anderson threw her broom at the cat, but she missed, and broke the window At the same time she overbalanced and put her hand in the cream, spilling it all over the tablecloth Poor Mrs Anderson - she had no dinner, only a dirty tablecloth and a broken window Glossary: set the table - put knives and forks, plates, salt etc on the table., underneath - under it., longingly - e.g the dog wanted it but knew it couldn't have it., shriek - louder than scream., get a fright - suddenly (not the same as be frightened)., overbalance - to lose your balance and fall Exercise Answer these questions about the story Answer in complete sentences What did Mrs Anderson plan? Where did the dog go? Why did she buy cream and apples? What was she doing when the cat jumped on the table? When did her pets watch her? 10 What did Mrs Anderson when she saw the cat? Where did she leave the steak? 11 How much of a fright did the cat get? When did the dog jump on the chair? 12 Where did the cat go? How did the dog look at the steak? 13 What did Mrs Anderson throw? When did the dog jump off the chair? 14 How did she spill the cream? Exercise Make questions and answers from the word prompts below Use when + the past simple in the question Use while, I + the past continuous tense in the answers Example: break your leg / skiing Answer: When did you break your leg? I broke it while I was skiing get your clothes dirty / picking strawberries sprain your ankle / running for the bus cut your foot / walking on the beach crash your car / driving to work hurt your back / making the bed Answer Key: Exercise Sample Answers She planned to have a delicious dinner She bought them for an apple pie Her pets watched her while she was setting the table She left the steak on the table It jumped on the chair while she was making the pastry The dog looked at it longingly The dog jumped off the chair as she was coming into the dining room It ran into the garden She was chasing the dog 10 She shrieked when she saw the cat 11 It got such a fright that it jumped a meter into the air 12 The cat went out the window 13 She threw her broom at the cat 14 She overbalanced and put her hand in the cream Exercise When did you get your clothes dirty? - I got my clothes dirty while I was picking strawberries., When did you sprain your ankle?- I sprained my ankle while I was running for the bus., When did you cut your foot? -I cut my foot while I was walking on the beach., When did you crash your car? - I crashed my car while I was driving to work When did you hurt your back? - I hurt my back while I was making the bed © 2006 English To Go Ltd All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go and Anna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com Anna Grammar Worksheet - Am / Is / Are - Elementary An Elementary Grammar Worksheet from Anna Grammar™ english-to-go.com Am / Is / Are Am / is / are are present simple verb forms of be Here are some examples: I am Sun Tae-Gil I am from Pusan He is 25 years old His parents are architects Present Simple - Positive / Short Form I am Australian I'm Australian We are Australian We're Australian You are Australian You're Australian Present Simple - Negative / Short Form They are Australian They're Australian I am not Australian I'm not Australian He/she/it is Australian He's / she's / it's Australian We are not Australian We're not Australian You are not Australian You're not Australian Present Simple - Question They are not Australian They're not Australian Am I Australian? He/she/it is not Australian He isn't / she isn't / it isn't Australian Are we Australian? Are you Australian? Are they Australian? Is he / she / it Australian? Exercise 1: Fill each gap with am, is or are a I _ Francesca b I _ 23 years old c I _ Italian d This _ Marco e _ it expensive? f His parents _ in Australia g Here _ Helga h _ she from Germany? i. _ you a student? j We _ tourists k You _ late! l We _ pleased to meet you Exercise 2: Fill each gap with the correct short form of am, is or are a I _ a student b I _ happy to meet you c Sorry, we _ late We got lost d Shh! She _ asleep! e They _ my parents f You _ very clever g We _ ready h He _ a businessman i We _ from Japan j It _ in my bedroom k You _ a photographer l They _ not happy Answer Key: Exercise 1: a am, b am, c am, d is, e is, f are, g is, h is, i are, j are, k are, l are Exercise 2: a 'm, b 'm, c 're, d.'s, e 're, f 're, g 're, h 's, i 're, j.'s, k 're, l.'re © 2005 English To Go Ltd All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go and Anna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com Articles An Upper-Intermediate Grammar Worksheet from Anna Grammar™ Definite and Indefinite Articles and the Zero Article ‘the' is called the definite article 'a' and 'an' are called indefinite articles When no article (a/an/the) is used, this is called the 'zero article' • Common rules: 'the' can be used before any singular or plural noun It is used: when we are thinking of one particular thing The airport runway is nearly finished .when it is clear in a situation which thing or things we are talking about What's wrong? The engine won't start (You know and I know I am referring to the engine of the car we are in.) when there is only one of something The sun is a giant star 'a' is used before a consonant sound a bus 'an' is used before a vowel sound an airplane 'a' or 'an' are used before a singular countable noun which isn't clearly defined (It is unclear which noun we are talking about or it doesn't matter.) I would like to buy a car No article (zero article) is used before plural and uncountable nouns when talking about things in general Cars may become less popular in the future as gas prices increase • Other Rules for Articles There are a lot of rules for articles As you continue to study English, you will increase your knowledge of them Here are some other rules: Definite Articles • with country names that have Republic, States in them etc: the Republic of Ireland, • when the name includes "of" or "Kingdom": the University of Canberra • with rivers, oceans, lakes and seas: the Murray River, the Tasman Sea, • with movies, theater: I love going to the movies • with the word, radio: Listening to the radio is something I every day • with restaurants, hotels, cafes, theaters, art galleries, museums: the Savoy, the National Gallery, the Berkeley Cinema, the Blue Bar, but: some places are named after their founders, ending in 's or -s and not take 'the': I'm going to Joe's Diner for lunch I'll see you at McDonald’s © 2005 English To Go Ltd All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go and Anna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com Indefinite Articles • suggests the idea of one: a million, a thousand, a hundred dollars • with measurements: a pound of butter, a kilogram of meat • expressing rates, speeds, salaries and prices: one per cent a month, seven hours a day, fifty dollars an hour, fifty thousand dollars a year, one hundred and twenty miles an hour • with some words beginning with a silent ‘h’: an hour, an hotel (old-fashioned English) • with some ailments: a cold, a backache, a sore throat, a headache • with abstract uncountable nouns preceded by an adjective: a violent hatred, a sudden love Zero Articles • with the word, television: I watch television every morning but: The TV is broken / I am going to buy a television (This means the television set.) • with meals: I had toast for breakfast Would you like to have lunch? but: if we describe the meal by putting an adjective in front of it, we use a: a delicious dinner • with some forms of transport: by bike, by car, by train, on foot • with church, prison hospital, university, school: Sorry, you can't talk to Annie She's at school (She is a student.) Her mother is in hospital (i.e she is a patient) He will be in prison for five years (We are thinking of prisons in general, not identifying one particular prison.) Rose is a student and she loves school but: Today her mother has gone to the school to meet the principal (Her mother has gone to the school = we are talking about a specific school, Rose's school.) • work, home, bed: I don't like going to work I go to bed at 9pm but: I have a very comfortable bed (This means bed as a piece of furniture.) • with continents and countries: Australia, South Africa, India • with states, cities and towns: Ohio, New York, Dublin, Shanghai, Rochester • with islands: Malta, Jamaica, • with mountains: Mt Fuji, Everest, Kilimanjaro • with names: Uncle Michael, Mr Darcy, President Bush, Ms Winter, Dr Smith but: The doctor phoned (This means 'the doctor that I normally go to', so it is a particular person.) The Prime Minister shook my hand • with roads, streets, squares and parks: Market Road, Oxford Street, Cornwall Park, Hyde Park, Trafalgar Square, • with some illnesses: pneumonia, lung cancer • with companies: Hyundai, Apple, IBM Exercise Fill the gaps in the sentences below with a, an, the or nothing (leave blank) I went on a cruise visiting a Fiji, b Kingdom of Tonga, c New Zealand and d Australia Last year I visited e New York and went up f Statue of Liberty I also walked along g Fifth Avenue, looking at all h shops I also went to i Brisbane, in j state of Queensland k last year I went to l Queensland Art Gallery, had m swim at n artificial beach at South Bank, attended o concert in p Botanical Gardens and did some shopping in q Queen Street I had r lot of fun! In s city where I live, t mayor is trying to encourage commuters to use u subway and bus system by giving them v discounted tickets I think w free public transport would be x even better idea because y people would then leave their cars at z home Answer Key: Exercise a nothing, b the, c nothing, d nothing, e nothing, f the, g nothing, h the, i nothing, j the, k nothing, l the, m a, n the (There's only one.), o a, p the, q nothing, r a s the, t the, u the, v nothing, w nothing, x an, y nothing, z nothing © 2005 English To Go Ltd All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go and Anna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com Comparative and Superlative Adjectives An Intermediate Grammar Worksheet from Anna Grammar™ She is shorter than her mother She is the shortest person in her family Shorter and shortest are the comparative and superlative forms of the adjective 'short' We use comparative structures to say that something is more _ than something else and superlatives to say that something is the most in the group that we are comparing (i.e more _ than anything else in the group.) Here are some rules for comparative and superlative adjectives: One-syllable words take -er than and the -est: fast; faster than; the fastest Don't forget these spelling rules! after short vowels we double the last letter: - thin; thinner than; the thinnest adjectives that end in -e take only -r and -st: - fine; finer than; the finest With three-syllable words, and longer, we not add -er and -est, but we use more than and the most: difficult; more difficult than; the most difficult objectionable; more objectionable than; the most objectionable Two-syllable adjectives are difficult, because the rules are not rigid (Or maybe that makes them easy!) Sometimes -er and -est endings are used, and sometimes more and the most A few rules apply: i Most adjectives ending -y are two-syllable words, and take -er and -est The "y" changes to "i": easy easier than the easiest: lazy lazier than the laziest Adjectives ending -ly can be used either way: "They look alike, but A is friendlier/ more friendly than B." In some cases, both forms are commonly used, e.g simple, common, stupid, handsome, clever, polite "Who is the handsomest / most handsome man in the world?" ii In some cases stress is the thing that shows us what form it takes: words with the stress on the second syllable take more and the most: e.g upset, exact Words with the stress on the first syllable take -er and the -est: e.g narrow, shallow, clever But this is not always the case: e.g crowded, boring, tragic, honest Don't worry too much about two-syllable adjectives - even English speakers use them wrongly! However, you should not use more and the most plus -er and -est It is incorrect to say the following: He's more stupider than his brother He's the most politest person I've ever met © 2006 English To Go Ltd All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go and Anna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com Crossword Puzzles Complete this crossword about the Olympics Clues: Across The city that hosted the August, 2004 Olympic Games The best result that has ever been achieved in a particular sport Organized sporting occasions 10 Sports such as running, the high jump and the javelin 12 A large sporting ground with seats all around it in which the Olympic opening and closing ceremonies and athletics events are held 13 The medal you receive when you come second Clues: Down The medal you receive when you come third You are officially stopped from competing The medal you receive when you win Short fast races A person who competes in athletics competitions A small metal disc given to those who come first, second or third at the Olympics 10 The city that hosted the August, 2004 Olympic Games 11 The Olympics are held in and winter every four years 4: Vocabulary Extension Have you learned any new words doing these exercises? Add them and their meanings to your vocabulary notebook TEACHERS' NOTES AND ANSWER KEY 1: Matching wreath - a, torch - b, medal - c 2: Vocabulary 2a flag, b charter, c anthem, d motto, e mascot, f committee, g relay 3: Crossword Puzzle LESSON © 2007 WWW.ENGLISH-TO-GO.COM PB The Passive english-to-go.com A Pre-Intermediate Grammar Worksheet from Anna Grammar™ Artists sell their paintings in the market Paintings are sold in the market In the second sentence above the writer wants us to think about the paintings and what is happening to the paintings instead of who painted them (the artists) The passive voice (are sold) is often used to this We used a form of the auxiliary verb to be and the past participle of a verb to make the passive Form - Present Simple Passive The present simple passive is formed using is/are + past participle of verbs Present Simple Passive - Negative This building isn’t painted once a year These buildings aren’t painted once a year Present Simple Passive - Positive This building is painted once a year These buildings are painted once a year Present Simple Passive - Question Is this building painted once a year? Are these buildings painted once a year? The past participle of regular verbs is the same as the simple past tense with the participles ending in -ed verb simple past past participle paint painted painted But you need to learn the past participle for irregular verbs as some past participles are different verb simple past past participle forget forgot forgotten sell sold sold give gave given Exercise 1: Use is/am or are in the sentences below a When this building cleaned? Every night except for the weekend But it _ (not) cleaned on Saturday or Sunday b How often these rooms used? They used once a week for painting classes c paintings of the Tower sold here? No, they (not) sold here d How often you phoned at home by market research companies? I phoned about once or twice a week Exercise 2: Use the word prompts below to make sentences using the passive voice and the present simple tense a my paintings / display / in the art gallery b the art gallery / visit / by about thirty people / every day c the art gallery / guard / by a security guard d the art gallery / advertise / on the Internet e my paintings / buy / by tourists © 2008 ENGLISH TO GO LTD ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NOT TO BE REPRODUCED OR STORED IN ANY WAY WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF ENGLISH TO GO LTD HTTP://WWW.ENGLISH-TO-GO.COM ENGLISH TO GO AND ANNA GRAMMAR ARE THE REGISTERED TRADE MARKS OF ENGLISH TO GO LTD EMAIL: EDITOR@ENGLISH-TO-GO.COM Uses We often use the passive voice to say how things are made or produced We use it in scientific or business reporting when we want the reader to think about what is done, the action, not who is doing it The wine is stored in large barrels security guards are employed by our firm Present Perfect Passive Form - Past Simple Passive The present perfect passive is formed using T The past simple passive is formed using have/has + been + past participle of verbs was/were + past participle of verbs Present Perfect Passive - Negative Past Simple Passive - Negative This building has not been painted This building wasn’t painted last year These buildings have not been painted These buildings weren’t painted last year Present Perfect Passive - Positive Past Simple Passive - Positive This building has been painted This building was painted last year These buildings have been painted These buildings were painted last year Present Perfect Passive - Question Past Simple Passive - Question Has this building been painted? Was this building painted last year? Have these buildings been painted? Were these buildings painted last year? Exercise 3: Use the word prompts in Exercise to make sentences using the passive voice and the past simple tense Exercise 4: Use was/were in the sentences below Bags of very old pots _ seized by police The broken pots _ given to pottery experts The pottery is very old It _ used by an unknown tribe thousands of years ago The pots _ found by police Exercise 5: Fill the gaps in the article with the verbs in brackets Use the past simple passive 22 bags of broken pottery 1. _ (seize) by Philippine police The broken jars _ (give) to the National Museum in Manila so that experts can study it Eusebio Dizon, head of the archaeological unit at the National Museum, 3. _ (interview) by a reporter Dizon thinks the discovery could be very important Pictures on the broken pottery show that it 4. _ (use) over 2,000 years ago by people who were different to other tribes in the Philippines The broken pots 5. _ (find) near Palembang town in the Philippines Smugglers, who were trying to take the pots out of the area, 6. _ (catch) by police and the pots 7. _ (take) from them Dizon 8. _ (tell) about rare pots from about B.C by treasure hunters so he looked for them in a cave in Sarangani province However, these pots may be a lot older (Exercise uses text adapted from Reuters article, dated Friday 24 October: ‘Artifacts discovery might lead to lost tribe’) ANSWER KEY Exercise a is, isn’t, b are, are, c are, aren’t, d are, am Exercise a My paintings are displayed in the art gallery b The art gallery is visited by about thirty people every day c The art gallery is guarded by a security guard d The art gallery is advertised on the Internet e My paintings are bought by tourists c The art gallery was guarded by a security guard d The art gallery was advertised on the Internet e My paintings were bought by tourists Exercise were, were, was, were, were, was, was Exercise were seized, were given, was interviewed, was used, were found, were caught, were taken, was told Exercise a My paintings were displayed in the art gallery b The art gallery was visited by about thirty people every day © 2008 ENGLISH TO GO LTD ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NOT TO BE REPRODUCED OR STORED IN ANY WAY WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF ENGLISH TO GO LTD HTTP://WWW.ENGLISH-TO-GO.COM ENGLISH TO GO AND ANNA GRAMMAR ARE THE REGISTERED TRADE MARKS OF ENGLISH TO GO LTD EMAIL: EDITOR@ENGLISH-TO-GO.COM The Past Continuous and Past Simple An Upper-Intermediate Grammar Worksheet from Anna Grammar™ The past continuous tense The past continuous tense is used to describe • something that was happening at some time in the past The action had not finished at a particular time in the past One year ago I was living in Greece and training for the Olympics At nine o'clock I was working out at the gym (I began working out before 9:00 I was still working out after 9:00.) • something that was happening when another past action was completed (In doing this, it is used with the past simple.) I was running in the 1500 metres race when a protester suddenly jumped onto the track We were playing tennis when the storm began 'When' or 'while' are often used to join the clauses together This shows that the person was in the middle of doing something (the first action) when the second action happened • two actions in the past that happened at the same time and were continuous I was calling out to her while he was running away from me Look at this description of an event and see how the past continuous is used Last week I saw you twice with your new girlfriend You were holding hands and smiling at each other I think your girlfriend dresses quite unusually On Sunday she had* purple hair and was wearing a pink minidress She was holding a white kitten with a blue bow But when I saw her with you on Monday she had green hair and was holding a black kitten * Had here is a state verb State verbs not nornally use the continous tense The past continuous tense is was / were + the present participle (The present participle is the base of a verb + ing walk > walking) Exercise Answer each question with your own idea Use the past continuous tense a What were you doing this morning at two a.m.? b What was your classmate doing yesterday at six pm? c What was your teacher doing yesterday at pm? d What were you doing at 12.00 o'clock yesterday afternoon? _ e What were you doing last Wednesday at am? Complete each sentence with your own idea Use the past continous tense f I when my mobile rang g I while I talked to my friend h He saw an ambulance when he i I when I thought I saw a pink elephant j They when they heard there was a busdrivers' strike © 2005 English To Go Ltd.All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go andAnna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com The past simple tense The past simple tense is used for • things that happened in the past that have finished The time of the action is known (i.e it happened at a specific or definite time) or it is clear from the context My coach and I talked about my training last Saturday morning My coach said he wanted me to more speed work On Saturday afternoon I did some time trials while he watched me • a repeated action in the past In this way, it is often used to describe past habits I went running every morning and worked out at the gym in the afternoon When I was young, I dreamt of being an Olympic medallist Regular past simple tense verbs end in -ed I walked around the track before the race I waved to my fans in the crowd Irregular past simple tense verbs not end in -ed You need to learn irregular past tense verbs I ran faster than anyone else in the race I bent forward as I crossed the finishing line Exercise Choose the correct form, past simple or past continuous a When you phoned/were phoning, I hoped/was hoping you would ask me out b Did you go out/were you going out when you got/ were getting home from school last night? No, my friends and I stayed/ were staying in and watched/were watching television c I thought/was thinking about what excuse I could use for being late for class when I realized/was realizing that it was Sunday and there was/was being no class d When I last met/was meeting you, you had/were having pink hair and wore/were wearing a suit You looked great! e I played/was playing tennis at my club when I thought/was thinking I saw/was seeing Serena Williams f Jane and I went/were going to a party last night We had/were having a drink when we suddenly realized/we realizing we didn't know/weren't knowing anyone else at the party! We were/were being at the wrong party Answer Key: Exercise (Sample Answers Only) a I was finishing my homework., b He was cooking some rice., c She was teaching us., d I was eating lunch with my friends., e I was getting ready for school., f I was cleaning up when my mobile rang., g I was painting my nails while I talked to my friend., h He saw an ambulance when he was coming to school., i Last night I was doing my homework when I thought I saw a pink elephant, j They were waiting at the busstop when they heard there was a busdrivers' strike Exercise a When you phoned, I was hoping you would ask me out b Did you go out when you got home from school last night No, my friends and I stayed in and watched television c I was thinking about what excuse I could use for being late for class when I realized that it was Sunday and there was no class d When I last met you, you had pink hair and were wearing a suit You looked great! e I was playing tennis at my club when I thought I saw Serena Williams f Jane and I went to a party last night We were having a drink when we suddenly realized we didn't know anyone else at the party! We were at the wrong party © 2005 English To Go Ltd All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go andAnna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com The past continuous tense An Elementary Grammar Worksheet from Anna Grammar™ The past continuous tense has these uses: It is used to talk about something that was happening at some time in the past The action had not finished at a particular time in the past Three years ago I was living in Germany I was talking to my friend at ten o'clock last night (I began talking to her before ten o'clock I was talking to her after ten o'clock.) It is used to talk about something that was happening when another past action was completed It is used with the past simple tense I was walking down the street when I saw the 'Sale' sign We were playing when my brother ran away and caught a bus My phone rang when I was driving home (Simple Past) (Past Continuous) It is used to talk about two actions in the past that happened at the same time and were continuous I was talking to my friend while I was washing the dishes The sun was shining while we were walking in the park She was working on her computer while she was talking to her friend Past Continuous Forms - Positive I was eating an apple You were eating an apple He / she / it was eating an apple We were eating apples They were eating apples Past Continuous Forms - Negative I wasn't (was not) eating an apple You weren't (were not) eating an apple He / she / it wasn't (was not) eating an apple We weren't (were not) eating apples They weren't (were not) eating apples Past Continuous Forms - Question What was I eating? What were you eating? What was he / she / it eating? What were we eating? What were they eating? © 2005 English To Go Ltd.All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go andAnna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com The past continuous tense is made with was / were + the present participle (The present participle is the base of a verb + ing e.g talk > talking) Exercise Write the present participle of these verbs (Be careful with your spelling!) Two are done for you as examples rain > raining walk > walking stand work buy sleep go eat listen come choose drive ride stop run leave cut put Exercise Complete these sentences with the verb in the brackets Put each verb in the past continuous tense a I lost my keys when I home (walk) b It was raining while we dinner (have) c I saw the department stores when I on the bus (sit) d Her phone rang while she to her new boss (talk) e My friends to work when they heard the news on the radio (drive) f He across (ride) Answerhis Key:bicycle Exercise 1:when a am, b the am, c.cat am, ran d is, e is, f are,the g is, road h is, i are, j are, k are, l are Exercise 2: a 'm, b 'm, c 're, d.'s, e 're, f 're, g 're, h 's, i 're, j.'s, k 're, l.'re g We couldn't go to the beach yesterday because it (rain) h It was a lovely day The sun was shining and the birds in the trees (sing) Answer Key: Exercise 1: standing, working, buying, sleeping, going, eating, listening, coming, choosing, driving, riding, stopping, running, leaving, cutting, putting Exercise 2: a was walking, b were having, c was sitting, d was talking, e were driving, f was riding, g was raining, h were singing © 2005 English To Go Ltd All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go andAnna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com The past continuous A Pre-Intermediate Worksheet from Anna Grammar™ The past simple tense is used for things that happened in the past that have finished We bought a secondhand car We drove to the shops near our house The past continuous is used to show something that was happening when another past action was completed We were doing something and something else happened While we were looking for parking I turned down a side road (During the time we were looking for parking, I turned down a side road.) The driver didn't check his mirrors while he was reversing It was not going fast but it broke one of our headlights *While and when are used to show that something happened during that time The past continuous can also show things in the past that happened at the same time and were continuous My husband was shouting and I was pressing the horn The past continuous is made with was / were + the present participle (The present participle is the base of a verb + ing e.g walk > walking) Past Continuous Forms - Positive I was driving We were driving You were driving They were driving He/she/it was driving Past Continuous Forms - Negative I was not (wasn't) driving We were not (weren't) driving You were not (weren't) driving They were not (weren't) driving He/she/it was not (wasn't) driving Past Continuous Forms - Question Was I driving? Were we driving? Were you driving? Were they driving? Was he/she/it driving? © 2005 English To Go Ltd.All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go andAnna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com The past continuous tense is made with was / were + the present participle (The present participle is the base of a verb + ing e.g talk > talking) Exercise Complete each gap with the verb in brackets in the past continuous tense: was / were + the present participle I _ past the bank yesterday when I saw a blue car suddenly pull out into the traffic (drive) Other cars _ their horns but the driver of the blue car didn't take any notice (honk) I stopped my car, and while I _, two police cars drove up (watch) Lots of people _ outside the bank and everyone _ excitedly (stand, talk) I thought I should drive on home While I _ at the next traffic light, I turned on the radio and listened to the news (wait) The announcer said the robbers _ a blue getaway car (drive) Exercise Fill the gaps in this text with was/were listening to the radio when I saw the getaway car We My friend talking on her phone while she waited in the bank The security guard taking a break when the robbery happened The cameras (not) operating during the robbery While the robbery taking place, the getaway car was parked outside When the television crew arrived, the police asking everyone what they had seen What you doing yesterday afternoon at o'clock? We driving past the bank Answer Key: Exercise 1: was driving, were honking, was watching, were standing, was talking, was waiting, were driving Exercise 2: were, was, was, weren't, was, were, were, were The present perfect simple An Elementary Grammar Worksheet from Anna Grammar™ The present perfect simple has these main uses: • It is used to talk about an action which began in the past and continues to the present I have worked with animals for three years I have lived in Berlin since 1998 • It is used to talk about an action that happened in the past where the time is not mentioned I have visited India three times I have finished my homework • It is often used with never It is used in questions with ever I have never had a pet Have you ever seen a Bengal tiger? • It is used with just and already I have just started this book I have already been to India three times The present perfect simple is made with has/have + the past participle Present Perfect Simple - Positive I have lived in Berlin since 1998 You have lived in Berlin since 1998 He / she / it has lived in Berlin since 1998 We have lived in Berlin since 1998 They have lived in Berlin since 1998 Present Perfect Simple - Negative I haven't lived in Berlin since 1998 You haven't lived in Berlin since 1998 He / she / it hasn't lived in Berlin since 1998 We haven't lived in Berlin since 1998 They haven't lived in Berlin since 1998 Present Perfect Simple - Question Have I seen it? Have you seen it? Has he / she / it seen it? Have we seen it? Have they seen it? Exercise Exercise Fill the gaps in the sentences with has or have Write the past participle of these verbs (One is done for you.) a I b c We d e They f He eaten three apples they eaten any apples? eaten all the apples she eaten an apple? eaten some apples eaten his apple walk walked love live work eat start find go be begin lose hear Exercise Exercise Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect simple a I a new course (start) b He three cookies.(eat) c I my keys (find) d You me a great present (give) e They home (go) f I my English course (begin) Make questions with the verbs in brackets you my cat? (see) you my cat? (find) she her cat? (feed) she her cat? (lose) he my cat (hear) they you their cat? (give) Answer Key: Exercise 1: a I have eaten three apples b Have they eaten any apples? c We have eaten all the apples d Has she eaten an apple? e They have eaten some apples f He has eaten his apple Exercise 2: loved, lived, worked, eaten, started, found, gone, been, begun, lost, heard Exercise 3: a I have started a new course b He has eaten three cookies c I have found my keys d You have given me a great present e They have gone home f I have begun my English course Exercise 4: Have you seen my cat? Have you found my cat? Has she fed her cat? Has she lost her cat? Has he heard my cat? Have they given you their cat? © 2006 English To Go Ltd.All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go andAnna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com The present perfect simple A Pre-Intermediate Grammar Worksheet from Anna Grammar™ The present perfect simple has these main uses: • It is used to talk about an action which began in the past and continues to the present I have always loved trees I have gone to the National Forest Conference for the last six years • It is used to talk about an action that happened in the past where the time is not mentioned If the time is mentioned, you must use the simple past (See the rules about unfinished time and finished time below.) I have been to three conferences on air pollution (present perfect simple) I went to the conferences in 2000, 2002 and 2004 (simple past) They have decided to make me President of the group (present perfect simple) They decided this in a meeting yesterday (simple past) • It is used with words like since 2003, this week and today These words describe an unfinished time I have worked here since 2003 I have read three articles today about trees and pollution Note: It is never used with time words like last week, last year, yesterday, five minutes ago, in 1995 etc These words describe a finished time Wrong: I have planted three trees last year Correct: I planted three trees last year • It is used with just, already and recently I have just read an article about trees and pollution I have recently planted some oak trees in my garden • It is often used with never and yet It is used in questions with ever I have never planted a tree We haven't planted any trees yet Have you ever hugged a tree? The present perfect simple tense is made with has/have + the past participle I / we / you / they have always loved trees He / she / it has always loved trees I / we / you / they have never had asthma He / she / it has never had asthma Have I / we / you / they / ever planted a tree? Has she / he / it ever planted a tree? © 2005 English To Go Ltd.All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go andAnna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com Exercise Fill the gaps in the sentences with the verbs in brackets Put them in the present perfect simple a I b He c d We e She f I g They h We a lot of articles about this problem (read) to Canada (go) you ever on a farm? (work) more and more trees from our city over the last ten years (lose) very kind to me (be) on a farm all my life (live) us to build new pigsties for our pigs.(tell) pigs for the last six years (keep) Exercise Beside the table are some time words Sort the words into two groups Group A: Those words that describe a finished time Group B: Those that describe an unfinished time (Two are done for you as an example.) in 2003, this week, last Finished Unfinished year, since 2002, two in 2003 this week minutes ago, yesterday, this month, three weeks ago, on Saturday, today, this evening Exercise Fill the gaps with the verb in the brackets Use either the present perfect simple or the simple past tense a I b I c I d I e I f It on a farm in 2003 (work) on a farm since 2004 (live) six pigs this month (sell) the pigsty yesterday (clean) the news about the new pig law five minutes ago (hear) sunny and windy today (be) Answer Key: Exercise a I have read a lot of articles about this problem., b He has gone to Canada., c Have you ever worked on a farm?, d We have lost more and more trees from our city over the last ten years., e She has been very kind to me., f I have lived on a farm all my life., g They have told us to build new pigsties for our pigs., h We have kept pigs for the last six years Exercise Group A Finished Time: last year, two minutes ago, yesterday, three weeks ago, on Saturday, Group B Unfinished Time: since 2002, this month, today, this evening Exercise a I worked on a farm in 2003., b I have lived on a farm since 2004., c I have sold six pigs this month., d I cleaned the pigsty yesterday., e I heard the news about the new pig law five minutes ago., f It has been sunny and windy today © 2005 English To Go Ltd All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go andAnna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com Verb Patterns An Upper-Intermediate Grammar Worksheet from Anna Grammar™ Some verbs must be followed by to-infinitive Others are followed by the gerund (base verb+ing) You need to learn what different verbs The infinitive after a verb Some verbs are followed by to-infinitive * appear - They appeared to enjoy the movie Here is a list of other verbs that this: * decide (not to) - I decided not to visit the snake pits * expect (don't expect to) - He expected to find lots of snakes / He didn't expect to stand on a snake! * forget (don't forget to) - I forgot to bring my camera / Don't forget to send me a postcard of the snakes * learn (learn not to) - We must learn not to cut down so many trees * manage (manage not to) - He managed to escape from the flooding river * pretend (not to) - I pretended to like his snakes, but really I dislike any reptile! * promise (not to) - She promised to come back next year / He promised not to go there alone (i.e 'that he wouldn't') * refuse - She refused to listen to me The gerund after a verb Some verbs are followed by the gerund * enjoy - I enjoy working for WWF because I know I am helping animals in different countries Here is a list of other verbs that this: * admit - I admit cutting down the trees I had to it * avoid - I avoid meeting her whenever I can * can't help - I can't help worrying about Andrew The weather is really awful and he is out in his boat * escape - I escape talking to boring people at parties by telling them that I collect spiders * face - Can you face tidying your room? * imagine - I can't imagine working in a rainforest There'd be no shops! * mind - Would you mind waiting here while I get my phone? * mention - She mentioned going to Madagascar five times She wants everyone to know about it! * suggest - I suggested taking a taxi, but they disagreed The gerund after prepositions A gerund often comes after a verb + preposition, an adjective + preposition or a noun + a preposition * I believe in saving rainforests! * I apologize for being late * I'm interested in learning more about snakes * I'm worried about going to Africa next year * I'm not very good at using computers * I think it's a matter of plugging the computer in © 2006 English To Go Ltd.All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go andAnna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com Verb + object + gerund * I hate people thinking I'm stupid! Here are some verbs that take an object + gerund * avoid, can't help, love, miss, stop, tolerate, understand * I can't help women admiring me! * Please stop her waving that gun around! Verbs that take either the to-infinitive or the gerund with no difference in meaning the verb, start * They have started replanting trees in Madagascar * They have started to replant trees in Madagascar Other verbs that are like this: * begin, bother, cease, continue, intend, like*, love, prefer *Sometimes with verbs of liking and hating, the gerund helps suggest the action is really happening * I hate cutting down more trees but I must clear land for my family The to-infinitive can suggest something more hypothetical * I'd hate to cut down more trees Luckily, I don't have to The verb like takes a to-infinitive when something is a good or sensible idea, rather than something you really enjoy * I like to eat healthy food When we are talking about future preferences or wishes, we use would + like + to-infinitive * I would like to visit Madagascar * I would love to have a lemur as a pet Some verbs that take an infinitive or a gerund, but with different meanings: try + infinitive has the ordinary meaning of make an effort or attempt to something: * Try to help me think of an answer, please! try + gerund has an experimental sense: * I'm worried about erosion near the river Try planting more trees (It may work It might solve the problem.) remember and forget + infinitive is used when we talk about a necessary action and whether we them * Did he remember to post that check? * Don't forget to phone your brother remember and forget + gerund is used when we talk about memories * I remember going to Madagascar in 1997 I loved seeing the lemurs * She never forgot visiting Madagascar It was a special vacation for her regret + infinitive used for a present action when we give bad news * I regret to inform you that your application has been unsuccessful regret + gerund used when we want to say we regret something in the past * I regret staying at home instead of traveling when I was younger Now I am too old to go anywhere! stop + infinitive is often the infinitive of purpose * I stopped to take some photos (The reason I stopped was to take photos.) stop + gerund is used when we mean to end an action * Stop daydreaming and start working! © 2006 English To Go Ltd All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go andAnna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com Exercise 1: Complete the sentences below with the correct form: Amy, stop to watch/watching TV and come here now! She stopped to breathe/breathing in the clean fresh air and listen to the birds After walking through the trees for some time, we stopped to look/looking at a kiwi It was very exciting! I remember to tell/telling the conference delegates that we needed to plant trees They didn't listen to me! Have a good trip Please remember to send/sending me a postcard We remembered to stay/staying on the paths and not touch anything Try to think/thinking before you answer next time You should think first and then speak! I don't know if this will help me lose weight but I will try to drink/drinking a glass of water before eating Answer Key: Exercise 1: watching, to breathe, to look, telling, to send, to stay, to think, drinking © 2006 English To Go Ltd.All rights reserved Not to be reproduced or stored in any way without the permission of English To Go Ltd http://www.english-to-go.com English To Go andAnna Grammar are the registered trade marks of English To Go Ltd email: editor@english-to-go.com