CHAU BAN TRIEU NGUYEN NHUNG CHUMG CUT UCH SUT - PHAP LY VE CHU QUYEN CUA VIET NAM DQI VflTl HUANG SA-TRU&NG SA (Tiep theo vd het) PHAN HUY LE" Li^c litdng t h a m gia d o a n k h a o sat Liic liidng quan ly Hoang Sa tnide day chu yeu la doi Hoang Sa kiem quan ca doi Bac Hai Doi Hoang Sa thcJi chua Nguyen thudng co 70 ngiiSi (19), Cai d6i dting d^u, lay ngilcli xa An VTnh vung CLia bien Sa K^ Doi BSc Hai lay ngUcfi thon Tfl Chinh xa Canh Difdng thuoc Binh ThuSn Ho la nhGng ngUcfi dan chai ven bi^n, tUng dung thuyen vao danh b5t ca tr§n ngii triicfng Hoang Sa-TrUdng Sa, rat am hieu thcfi tiet, thuy trieu, gio bao va co nhieu kinh nghiem di bien Ho dUdc miSn cac loai tien thue vk dUdc cap gia'y phai di \km nhiim vij ciia nha nUdc Ho thuong mang theo lUcJng thuc du an thang, nhan gia'y sai phai vao thang 2, di khoang thang va thang trd ve trUdc miia mUa bao Tr§n dao, ho bat chim, ca, cac loai hai san d l song va lam nhiem vu quan ly, khai thac hai san thu lucfm cac via va cua cai cLia nhflng tau thuyen bi dam de lai Khi trd ve, ho phai vao ciia Thuan An de'n kinh Phii Xuan de nop, dUdc gifl lai va dem ban mpt so san vat, linh bang trd ve que • GS Dai hoc Quo'c gia Ha Ndi (20) Theo che tuyen chon va sii dung nhu vay thi doi Hoang Sa thUc la mot doi dan phu CO to chiic lam nhiem vu cong sai ciia nha nUdc, gan nhU mot thfl dan binh Sang thdi Nguyen, Iiic diu doi Hoang Sa sdm duoc to' chflc lai va tiep tuc tham gia boat dong nhu mot luc lUdng dan binh Nam 1816, nha Nguyen bat dau dieu thiiy quan tham gia khao sat Hoang Sa Chu trUdng mdi ciia nha Nguyen la diing mot bo phan quan doi thudng trUc cua nha nUdc, cu thg' la thiiy binh va ve Giam thanh, lam luc lUdng chii yeu cung vdi dan phu tien hanh cac boat dong khao sat To chflc quan dpi cua nha Nguyen qua nhieu lan thay doi va ndi chung dUdc qui dinh chat che dudi trieu vua Minh Menh Quan doi thudng true d kinh gom Than binh bao ve nha vua Cam binh bao ve cung ca'm va Tinh binh bao ve ca kinh Trong Tinh binh cd Kinh ky thuy sU la cac ddn vi thiiy binh va ve Giam Thuy sU gom doanh, mdi doanh ve, moi ve 10 doi, mdi doi 50 ngudi Chi huy ddn vi doi cd Cai ddi (chanh ngu phim), Ddi Rghien curu XJch s^ so 8.2Q14 trUdng (chanh th^t pham) va Ngoai iiy doi trudng (21) Chdu bdn va Dgi Nam thiXc luc ghi chep mdt so trudng hdp dieu thuy binh kinh di khao sat Hoang Sa nhU: Cai dpi Ph^m Van Nguyen nam 1835 (Chdu bdn 7, 8), Chanh ddi trudng sua't dpi thuy quan Pham HQu Nhat (DNTL, T.4, tr.867), thiiy sU Sua't dpi Pham Van Bidn (Chdu bdn 12) nam 1836; thuy sU Pham Van Bi^n (Chdu bdn 11), thuy sU Sua't dpi Pham v a n Bien (Chdu bdn 12), nam 1836; thuy sU Sua't dpi Pham Van Bien (DNTL, T5, tr 164) nam 1837 Day la nhflng ddn vi thuy binh cd'p dpi Cai ddi hay Dpi trudng chl huy, mpt sd' td Chdu bdn ehep rd "do Kinh phai" (Chdu bdn 11, 12) tflc trieu dinh dieu ddng tfl kinh den, chfl khdng phai lay thuy binh cua tinh Vd Giam liic dau vd'n la dpi Tuan Giam phd sfl cai quan de bao vd Gia Dinh Sau trieu Nguydn lip, dd'i lam ve Giam gdm mdt sd' dpi T u i n thanh, b kinh va mpt so' tiinh Nam 1804, ve Giam d kinh dUde xep vao tinh binh va nam 1823 eho thudc vao Hd binh ma, chuyen ve dd ban vk chi bao each thflc xay dung (22) NhU vay la ve Giam da chuyen doi chflc nang mot td' ehflc mang tfnh ky t h u a t chuyen ve dac, lap ban va ban ve xay dung Vi vay trieu Nguyin da dieu mot so' nhan vien ve Giam tham gia cac dpi khao sat Hoang Sa de dae dudng bien, dac va ve ban dd cac dao Chau ban cdn ghi ten mot so' nh^n vien cua ve Giam nhU Tran Van Van, Nguydn Van Tien, Nguydn v a n Hoang (Chdu ban 7), TrUdng Viet Soai (Chdu bdn 11) Rieng TrUdng Viet Soai, trUdc da tflng la Dd'c bien trdng viec luyen thud'e sung bi phat "tram giam hau" (tdi chem nhung eho giam chd xet), roi eho di "hieu Itie" (lam de chupc tdi) xay Gia Dinh, di khao sat Hoang Sa nam 1836 Soai da khao sat 11 bai cat va dao, nhUng ve ban khdng dUdc chu dao, bi phat cho ve lam linh ve Giam de sau di "hieu luc" (Chdu bdn 12) Nam 1838, theo ldi tau cua Bp Cdng, edn dieu ca nhan vien Kham thien giam tham gia khao sat Hoang Sa (Chau bdnl3) (23) Thdi Nguydn, viec quan t r i e thdi tiet da c6 mpt so tien bp, ngoai tda Kham thien giam d kinh thanh, cac tinh da phai ghi nhat ky mUa gid, dfldc ca'p bon bang sanh de nUdc mUa, han thfl xich de dp nong lanh Khdng rd nhan vien Kham thien giam dUdc phai di khao sat Hoang Sa c6 dfldc giao nhidm vu quan trac thdi tiet khdng va ke't qua the nao? Vao d i u thdi Nguyin, dpi Hoang Sa van gifl vai trd quan trpng Nam 1803, vua Gia Long sai Thu ngii eiia bien Sa Ky la Cai ed Vii Van Phu chieu md dan ngoai tich lap lai ddi Hoang Sa Theo dd, doi Hoang Sa lay tfl dan xa An Vinh va Thu ngii cL(a Sa Ky td' chflc Thu ngfl la chflc cai quan cac eiia bien, cdn goi la exta tan, ed ddn binh ddng gifl Ciia Sa Ky la etta sdng Sa Ky, mot nhflng ciia bien ldn ciia Quang Ngai va dac biet co vi tri gan dao Ly Sdn hay Cu lao Re, ndi thuyS'n be vao danh ca, budn ban va cung la dudng bien g^n nha't Hoang Sa Dgi Nam nhat thd'ng chi mieu ta eiia bien Sa Ky: "d phia ddng nam huyen Binh Sdn, cOa bien rpng 145 trUdng (580m), nfldc len sau thflde (2,4m), nfldc rdng sau thudc (2m) (24), cd ghd'nh da cao n6i len mat nude, trdng nhU hinh ngfldi dflng Sau cd ngUdi vinh them eanh Thach ki dieu t^u (Lao cau ghenh da), 12 canh dep d Quang Ngai" Cach 12 hai ly la dao Ly Sdn, cd cfla bien Ly Sdn dUdc midu ta; "Cfla bien Ly Sdn d huyen Binh Sdn, dd'i dien vdi cfla Sa K^ Bd'n phia deu c6 da Chfiu b ^ trieu Rguyen ngdm ghenh da, thac da, thuyen di phai tranh Khi trudc cd ddn tr^n gifl, da bd Tfl cuta bien Sa ky, thuyen di thuan gid de'n ciia Ly Sdn, het khSc" (25) Sau tai lap, nam 1815 nha Nguyin ''sai bpn Pham Quang Anh thude dpi Hoang Sa Hoang Sa tham dd dac thuy trinh" (26) Nhung tfl nam 1816, thuy binh da tham gia va sau dd, thuy binh cung ve Giam thSnh ciia trieu dinh gifl vai trd chu lUc va theo nhu cau tflng ddt khao sat, huy ddng thdm Iflc lUdng dia phfldng theo che dp dan phu va thud thuyen Chau bdn cho biet cu the ve doan khao sat Hoang Sa vdi cac p h i n nhfl sau: Nam 1834 doan gom thuye'n gpi la "chinh thuyen" tflc loai thuyen ldn d l di xa hay chien da'u, dUdc dieu ddng theo td "tfl" cua Bd Binh thUc hien td "sac" eua nha vua Trdn thuyd^n cd phai vidn cua tri^u dinh va thiiy binh thudc bien binh cua kinh Thdm vao dd la thuyen giao cho tinh Quang Ngai thud thudc loai nhanh nhe dUde tu bo c£n t h i n cflng cae loai vat ki^n dem theo Mdi thuyen cd thuy thu, cdng 24 ngUdi la "dan phu mien bien am hieu thuc dudng bien" Trong sd dd, c6 Dang Van Xiem ngUdi phudng An Hai huyen Binh Sdn dam dUdng lai thuyen (da cdng) va danh sach thuy thii dd cd ngudi phudng An Hai, An VTnh la Pham Vi Thanh, Trln Van Kham, Nguydn Van Manh NhU vky doan khao sat Hoang Sa nam 1834 gom thuyen, cd thuyen ldn cua trieu dinh chd phai vien ciing thiiy quan dieu tfl kinh va thuyd'n thue cflng dan phu, thuy thii, ngudi lai thuyen tinh Quang Ngai dieu ddng (Chdu bdn 6) Nam 1837, doan khao sat gdm thuyen tinh dieu ddng: thuyen cua Quang Ngai va thuyen cua Binh Dinh Thanh p h i n cua doan gom Thiiy su Pham Van Bien, ngfldi hUdng dan Vii Van Hung, ngudi lai thuyan LUu Dflc True, nhan vien ve Giam TrUdng Viet Soai va thuy binh, dan phu Cfidu bdn 12 chdp "phung chieu" ghi "binh dinh 22 ten, [trong dd] thuy sU 20 ten, Giam ten, dan phu 31 ten" {Chdu bdn 11, 12) Sd* ngfldi doan cdng 53 ngudi Nam 1838, doan gom thuyen dd CO "binh thuyd'n" cua kinh va "dSn thuyen" cua Binh Dinh Doan ed Thi ve, Kham thien giam, ve Giam va thuy binh la luc lUdng eua trieu dinh (27) va "dan thuyen" gom thuyen cua dan va dan phu Ngudi hudng din la Pham Van Sdnh (Chdu bdn 13) Nam 1838, doan gdm thuyen, dd cd thuyan ldn goi la "chinh thuyen" thue tai Quang Ngai va thuyen ciia Binh Dinh Hai thuydn ldn dUdc midu ta cu the nhU sau Thuyen thfl nha't ciia Nguyin Van Chdm ten la Tin, sinh nam Binh Ngp, 53 tuoi, ngudi thdn Phd' An, td'ng Nghia Ha, huydn ChUdng Nghia, phu Tu Nghia Thuyen mang "thuyd'n bai" so' 22, dai trUdng thudc (10,8m), rdng thudc tg^c (2,68m), sSu thudc ta'e (0,88m) Le thue hang nam la 20 quan tien Thuyen thfl hai cua Trln VSn Dflc, ten la An, sinh nam Canh TJ, 59 tud'i Thuyen mang "thuyen bai" sd' 89, dai trUdng ta'c (8,04m), rdng thUdc ta'c (2,68), sau thudc ta'c (0,92) Ld thud' hang nam la 15 quan tien (Chau ban 16) Thanh phan cua doan gdm "dan phu", phai vien cua trieu (finh Nhu vay doan khao sat Hoang Sa thudng 3, thuyen, nhieu nha't la thuydn, dd cd thuyen ciia nha nUdc va thuyen thud cua dan LUc lUdng tham Rghien curu Iiich sJr s g 8.2014 gia cd bd phan "kinh phai" gdm phai vien, thiiy binh, ve Giam va "tinh phai" gdm thuyan thue ciia dan va dan phu Mdi doan sd lUdng ngfldi tham gia khdng ed han ngach, doan nam 1837 cd sd cu the la 53 ngUdi D i n phu khdng phai la lUc lUdng lao ddng ddn gian ma thudng lam thuy thu, ngUdi lai thuyin, ngudi hfldng din Theo chd^ dp nha Nguydn, hp dupc miln tien thue', dUdc cap tien gao va trd ve phai qua erta Thuan An len kinh dd khai ndp cic san vat thu dUdc, hp dfldc hfldng mdt phan va dUdc quyen dem ban Ngoai dan phu cdn dfldc hfldng che' dp thudng phat ciia nha nUdc, thfldng dfldc flu tien thudng tien va gao Nam 1837, Bp Hp tau tinh Quang Ngai da "phung menh chi tien va gao thue dan.phu phai de'n xfl Hoang Sa lam cdng vu" (Chdu bdn 10) Nam 1837, doan khao sat trd ve qua han va khdng dem ve" ban dd nen thuy sfl Pham Van Bien bi trach phat, edn binh va dan deu dUde gia an ban thudng: binh dupc thudng thdm mdt thang lfldng tien, dan phu dUde thudng tien quan (Chdu bdn 11) Sau hai lan dieu dpi Hoang Sa di khao sat nam 1815, 1816, cac Chau ban thdi Minh Menh, Thieu Tri khdng tha'y nhac dd^n dpi Hoang Sa Ltle lupng khao sat dupc td chflc lai gdm thuy binh va nhan vien ve Giam dieu ddng tfl kinh va dan phu tinh huy ddng Dan phu la nhiing ngUdi dan ven bien, am hieu va thdng thupc dfldng bien Hoang Sa, chu yeu v i n dan vung cfla bid'n Sa Ky va dao Ly Sdn, tinh Quang Ngai Tuy nhien nha nudc eung dieu ddng ca cae vung ven bien lan can, dd may lan ndi den thuyen va dan phu tinh Binh Dinh Trong Viet sH thong gidm ciidng mtic khdo liidc Nguyin Thdng vie't vdi Ldi tUa de nam 1877, dua nhan dinh cho rang dpi Hoang Sa t\t trUdc dd (tflc trfldc nam viet sach 1877) da bi "bai bd" (28) Day la mdt nhan dinh cd cd sd Theo tdi, tfl nam 1816 nha Nguyin da cd chu trUdng thay dd'i phan td' chflc Iflc lfldng khao sat Hoang Sa, la'y quan dpi ehu lUe lam p h i n ehu yd'u, luc dd dpi Hoang Sa van cdn va ke't hdp vdi thuy q u i n Sau dd, chfla the xae dinh vao nam nao, nhUng chac ehan sang thdi Minh Menh thi khdng cdn tha'y dpi Hoang Sa Tuy nhidn c i n nha'n manh la ddi Hoang Sa du khdng cdn nfla nhUng vien cua ddi Hoang Sa la cU dan vung cfla bien Sa Ky va dao Ly Sdn v i n cd mat cac doan khao sat Hoang Sa nhU nhiing dSn phu gifl vai trd thuy thu, ngUdi lai thuyen, ngUdi hudng dan va truyen thdng d5i Hoang Sa vdn khdng ngflng dupe nudi dudng va phat huy Dao Ly Sdn gom Dao Ldn cdn gpi la Cii lao Re va Dao Nhd cdn gpi la Cu lao Bd Bai Tfl lau mdt bp phan cU dan xa An Vinh da dao Ly Sdn sinh sd'ng, lap phUdng An Vinh, An Hai Nam 1993, dao Ly Sdn tach khdi huyen Binh Sdn, lap huyen dao Ly Sdn, gom xa: An Vinh, An Hai tren Dao Ldn va An Binh tren Dao Nhd Cfl dan trdn dao sd'ng bing nghe danh b i t ea ket hpp vdi trdng ngo, khoai, lac (thdi Nguydn phai ndp thue' dau lac) va gin day them nghe trdng hanh, toi no'i tie'ng Vung cfla bien Sa Ky va trdn dao Ly Sdn cdn luu gifl nhieu da'u tich cua d6i Hoang Sa tfl nhflng tU lieu quy ma cac ddng hp "hung binh Hoang Sa" nhfl ho Pham, hp Vu, hp Dang cdn luu gifl den mie'u Hoang Sa hay Am linh tU, tuc le "khao le the linh Hoang Sa", nhflng ngoi "mp gid" Dieu dd cho tha'y cfl dSn vung ct(a Sa Ky va dao Ly Sdn cd nhi^u cdng hien lien tuc eho boat ddng ciia ddi Hoang Sa keo dai tfl thdi ehua Nguydn, qua thcli Chau bin hieu Rguyen Tay sdn den thdi d i u Nguyen va ca sau dd, dpi Hoang Sa khdng cdn nhimg hp van tham gia v^ cd nhieu cdng hien to ldn sfl nghiep khai thac bien va bao vd chu quyen tren Bien Ddng PhUdng thiifc q u a n ly va thi^c t h i chu q u y e n Qua tu lidu Chdu bdn ket hpp vdi Dgi Nam thUc liic, Dgi Nam hoi dien sd le, phUdng thflc hoat ddng quan ly va thflc thi chu quyen ciia nha Nguyen ra't phong phii va nang cao hdn h i n so vdi thdi trUdc Thdi han di vd ve Q u i n dao Hoang Sa-Trudng Sa d gifla Biln Ddng cd nhieu gid bao nen dilu kidn ky thuat thii cdng, ngUdi khdng thd' sinh sd'ng thudng xuydn trdn dao Vi vay tfl kinh nghidm eua cfl ddn danh ca ven bid'n, thdi chua Nguyin da sdm xae lap thdi gian thich hdp nha't de khao sat Hoang Sa la khoang thang thuyen dao va d lai dd cho den thang am lich, trudc mfla bao td, trd ve, tfle mua hd • thu Dd la thdi gian td't nha't cho hoat ddng cua ngfldi tren vflng hai dao va cung phu hdp vdi thdi tiet va chd' dp gid de' di va ve Che dp gid vflng ven bien va quan dao kha phfle tap Ndi chung, mua he, gid mua taynam ehiem flu the' ra't thuan tien cho viec tfl ven bd dao, hUdng gid ddng, ddng-bac va bac ehi xua't hien vdi tan sua't tha'p Vao mfla ddng, gid mua ddng - bic ehiem Uu thd', kd't hdp vdi hudng gid ddng, ddng-nam, nam va tay - ble (29) Vi vliy thuyen phai trd vl khoang thang 8, trfldc mua gidng bao va gid mfla tay-nam da yeu va bat diu gid mfla ddng-bac Nhd kinh nghiem di bien day dan eua dfin chai ven bien Quang Ngai nen cac doan thuyin da vUpt qua sdng gid bien khdi de di va ve an toan, nhUng khdng it hiem nguy sfl tha't thUdng cua gid bao va thuyen nhd yd'u Nam 1839, doan thuyen phai vien Sua't dpi thuy binh Pham Van Bien cam diu, "bi bao sdng lam tan mat", dau thang 'luc tuc ve tdi kinh dd" (30) Phai vien ndi nhd cd thuy t h i n cflu giup nen nha vua sai Bp L l lam le ta dn d ciia bien Thuan An Qua nhieu the' he tham gia dpi Hoang Sa va lam dan phu di khao sat Hoang Sa, ngfldi dan vung ciia bien Sa K$, nha't la dao Ly Sdn den vin liiu gifl ky flc nhflng hinh anh hiem nguy cua nhflng ngUdi di khdng ma'y trd ve Tfl cfla Sa Ky hay dao Ly Sdn, hau he't cac tu lieu deu chep thdi gian thuyen dao ma't khoang dem Theo mdt sd' td Chau ban, tfl thang b i t diu edng vide chuan bi, dieu quan, thue thuyen, tap trung ve Quang Ngai roi chd gid thuSn se khdi Thdi ban di va ve qui dinh chat che la thang khdi hanh va thang trd ve kinh Qua thdi ban dd la bi phat Nhflng eung CO nam gio khdng thuan cung phai chd va phai tau bao ve kinh Vi du nam 1838, ea doan thuyen chie'e da ehuin bi va CO mat tai Quang Ngai, binh thuyen cua kinh 21 thang 3, thuyen va dan phu thang 4, ngfldi hUdng din Pham Van Senh thang 4, nhflng phai vien nhan tha'y "tfl 10 de'n 26 thang 4, gid ddng v i n thd'i, chfla tien khdi" (31) (Chdu bdn 13) Phai vien cua doan phai bao len tinh, tinh xem xet xae nhan rdi trinh ldn Bd Cdng de tau len nha vua Nhung khdng rd vi ly gi td Chdu bdn 14 sau dd, thang nhuan, Bd Cdng lai tau, doan thuyen da nhd' neo khdi tai cfla bien Sa Ky thang Tuy thang cd gi dd chua that khdp nhung hai td Chau ban cho tha'y viec khdi qua ban la bi kiem tra, xem xet rat I^hien ciju XJeh sJr so 8.2014 nghiem ngat Cdn trd vd qua han thi trudng hdp doan thuyin Cai dpi Pham Van Nguyen chi huy nam 1835 trd ve qua ban, da bi Bd Cdng va Bd Hinh tra hdi, tri tdi va da bi each chflc, b i t gdng Sau nha vua xet thay Pham Van Nguyen ve qua han nhung khdng phai vi tU ldi ndn gia an, tha danh ddn 80 trUdng va phuc lai ehflc cu (Chdu bdn 7, 8) Khdo sdt, dqc, ghi nhgt ky, ve bdn Viee dac da dUdc thflc hidn tfl thdi chua Nguydn va d I u thdi Nguyen Nhflng den thdi Minh Menh cong vide dfldc coi la nhiem vu trpng yd'u, dfldc to' chflc ehat che va dat nhilu tidn bd Do dac bao gdm dp ndng sau cua dUdng bien va do dai ngin, rpng hep eua eac dao, bai cat de' ve ban dd Cong vide vao dau the ky XIX, nha Nguyin tie'p thu dfldc mdt sd' ky thuat phUdng Tay va tid'n bd hdn trude Trong thdi gian xay dUng lue lupng d Gia Dinh tfl cudi thd' ky XIX, Nguyin Anh da thu nap dfldc mdt so si quan Phap, cd SI quan hai quan, cdng binh Hp giup Nguyin Anh ky thuat xay kieu Vauban, dac thiiy trinh Thanh Gia Dinh xay dflng nam 1790 gpi la Bat Quai la tda xay theo kieu Vauban diu tidn, sau dd dfldc md rdng eho Ha Ndi va nhieu tinh khac Ky thuat dac thuy trinh eung dfldc van dung viec dac cac cfla bien gpi la ciia ta'n Ridng ve hpa thi luu gifl dfldc hai ban dd dau tien ngfldi Viet Nam ve theo ky thuat phUdng Tay; ban Hodi Diic phu todn do Le Dflc Loc, Nguyin Cdng Tie'n ve nam Minh Menh thfl 12 (1831) va ban dd Ha Ndi nam Tfl Dflc thfl 26 (1873) Pham Van Bach ve va Sd Dia cha't Ddng Dfldng in nam 1916 Day la nhflng ban dd ve tren cd sd dac tai thUe dia va theo nhflng nguyen tae hpa dd phUdng Tay Nhan vidn ve Giam da n i m dUdc nhflng ky t h u a t mdi va dfldc nha Nguyin giao ve cac ban ve xay dUng cae kien true, luy nUdc va dieu mpt sd' di khao sat, dae, ve ban dd vung Hoang Sa Ydu cau dac ve ban tfl nam 1836 dUdc Bp Cdng t a u len nha vua qui dinh rat cu the: "Khdng cfl la dao nao, hdn nao, bai cat nao, thuyen di den, cung xet xem xfl a'y chieu dai, ehieu ngang, ehieu cao, ehieu rdng, ehu vi va nUde bien bon ben xung quanh ndng hay sau, cd bai nglm, da ngam hay khdng, tinh hinh hiem trd, binh di the nao, phai tUdng tat dac, ve ban Lai xet khdi hanh, tfl cfla bien nao khdi, n h i m phUdng hudng nao di den xfl a'y, can cfl vao t h u y i n di, tinh fldc dfldc bao nhieu dam Lai tfl xfl a'y trdng vao bd be'n, do'i thang vao tinh hat nao, phUdng hfldng nao, dd'i chenh chech la tinh hat nao, phUdng hudng nao, each bd bien chflng bao nhieu dam Nha't nha't ndi ro, dem ve, dang trinh" (32) Nhu vay la phai dae chu vi, kich thflde cae chilu, dp ndng sau tflng hdn dao, bai cat, khao sat ca bai da ngam, tinh trang hiem trd va thuy trinh tfl c^a bien bd cac dao a'y, fldc tinh sd' dam Ta't ea eac kd't qua dac va hoat ddng eua doan phai ghi Nhat ky Han che' ldn nha't cua dac va ve ban thdi Nguyin so vdi phUdng Tay la ehUa bie't tinh kinh tuye'n, vi tuyen va xae dinh tpa dp Qua cae lan khao sat, nhan vidn ve Giam dac, ve mdt sd ban d6 Hoang Sa Vi du lan khao sat nam 1838 cd phai vien eua Bd Cdng la Vidn ngoai lang Dd Mau Thudng va Thi ve Le Trpng Ba Khi trd vl, cac phai vidn dd bao eho Bo Cdng tau len: "Lan ndy da de'n dudc 25 dao Chau ban trieu Rguyto ciia ba sd, dd hang nam da l l n lUdt d^n la 12 dao, chUa tflng den la 13 dao Theo ngudi hudng d i n Vu Van Hung thi toan bd xfl Hoang Sa cd sd, l l n den dfldc sd, cdn sd phia nam cac sd tren, khoang each kha xa, lai vi gid Nam thoi manh, viec den dd khong thuan tien, chd gid thuan thi mudn, ddi den nam sau lai den dd Lai xem ban dd dem vl, bflc ve rieng, bflc ve chung, dd'i chid^u thi chUa that minh baeh, eflng mdt ban Nhat ky ciing chua dUdc hoan thien, xin cho Bd t h i n hdi rd rang va sai ve lai eho hoan thien de tie'n trinh" (Chdu bdn 15) Qua td Chau ban nay, cd t h i tha'y sau nhieu l l n khao sat, nha Nguyin da di de'n mdt nhan thflc bao q u i t v l hai q u i n dao Hoang SaTrfldng Sa Trong quan nidm Ifle dd, ca vflng hai q u i n dao goi chung Id "todn xd Hodng Sa " (M '/S> ± W va phdn biet ldm sd (E9 W, ba sd d phia Ble chac la quin dao Hoang Sa v l mdt sd cich kha xa ve phia Nam, chic la quin dao Trfldng Sa Cac dao phia Ble trfldc day da di'n dUde 12 dao va l l n khao sat thdm dUdc 13 dao, cdng 25 dao Cdng vide khao sat dUdc ghi chdp Nhat k j va l l n khao sat nam 1838 da ve dUdc ban dd, dd ed ban ehung va ban dd rieng, chic la ehung cua sd va rieng tflng sd Day la dpt khao sat cdng nen sau Bd Cdng dem ban dd tie'n trinh ldn nha vua da dUde vua Minh Menh khen thudng Nha vua khen: "trai qua nhieu ndi, xem tUdng ta't so vdi phai vien mpi l l n thi cd hdn" va thudng eho phii vien Dd Mau Thudng cung nhflng ngfldi tham gia ao va tiln (33) Ta't nhien cung cd trUdng hdp khao sat, dae va ve ban khdng dat yeu elu, hi phat Vi d\i l l n khao sat niim 1835, nhan vidn v$ Giam T r l n Van Tan, Nguyin Van Tien, Nguyen Van Hokng vi ve ban dd khdng dUde rd rang, hi phat 80 trUdng, nhUng chuan cho tha {Chdn bdn 7) Lan khao sat nam 1837, nhan vien Giam TrUdng Viet Soai khao sat dUde 11 dao va bai eat nhung ve ban khdng ehu dao, cung bi phat cho ve lam Hnh ve Giam {Chdu bdn 12) Ngoai ban dd nhan vien ve Giam dac hpa, trieu Nguyen eung cd ban dd Hoang Sa phUdng Tay ve Vi nhu nam 1817 thuyen Ma Cao vao cfla bien Da Ning, dem ban Hoang Sa dang tnnh va dUdc thudng 20 lang bae (34) Ban dd Dgi Nam nhdt thong todn ve thdi Minh Menh, cd the nam 1838, the hien dfldng bd biln va hinh hai da't nfldc kha dung va tren dd cd hai quin dao Hoang Sa-TrUdng Sa ve thdnh mdt dai dao ghi la Hoang Sa, Van If Trfldng Sa Da'y la nhan thflc td'ng hdp vl hai quan dao Hoang Sa-TrUdng Sa cua nUdc Dai Nam thdi Nguyin Ra't tie'c la cae ban dd vl Hoang Sa, TrUdng Sa thdi Nguyin da bi m&'t va cho den chUa tim tha'y da'u ve't, ke ca kho Chau ban trilu Nguyen cdm moc gidi, dung bia mieu Viee elm mdc gidi dUdc phan anh Dgi Nam thde luc chinh bien va tren td Chau ban sd' Td Chau ban chUa tim tha'y kho Chau ban cua Trung tam LUu trfl Qudc gia I, ma dUdc chup tfl Microfilm eua Dai hpc Hawai va Dai hpe Havard cua My Ban chup den t r i n g ed mpt so ehfl va doan bi md, khdng dpe dfldc nhUng ed the ddi chieu vdi ghi chep cua Dai Nam thde luc chinh bien de bo sung Td Chau ban cho bie't dpi khao sat Hdang Sa nam 1836 Chanh dpi trUdng thiiy quan Pham HQu Nhat elm diu Binh thuyen tfl cfla Thuan An de'n tinh Quang Ngai Bd Cdng tie'p nhan dfldc cdng van 10 Ndi cac giao cho Bd ehuan bi mdi t h u y i n 10 coc gd gpi la mdc bai, chuyen ga'p den Quang Ngai giao eho doan khao sat Trdn Chau ban cd hai doan Chau phe: mdt doan chfl nhd ben phai chfl mdc bai ghi kich thudc, dp dai, rdng, day ciia mdc bai bi md khdng dpe rd va mpt doan ghi: "Thuyin de'n xfl nao tflc thi dflng cpc gd lam mde S fcJ ^i) H ffl H ^ ^ -1^ ^ : mp thuyen dao xfl tflc thu mdc vi chi) (Chdu bdn 9) V l kich thflde moc bai, Dg.i Nam tht/c luc chinh bien chep ro: Mdi cpc gd dai thudc (2m), rdng ta'e (0,20m), day ta'c (0,04m) Tren cpc g5 khac sau ddng chfl to: "Minh Mdnh thfl 17, nam Binh Than, Cai dpi thuy quan ten hp la gi, phung menh de'n Hoang Sa dae, de'n day lflu da'u Hay tuan lenh" (0.^ ^ + ir ^ M $ ^ lit: Minh Menh thap tha't nien, Binh Than, thuy q u i n cai dpi tinh danh phung menh van Hoang Sa tUdng dp, ehi thii luu ehi Kham thii) (Chdu bdn 9) (35) Da'y la each cam moc gidi bieu thi chii quyen qud'c gia vdi nam thang chinh thflc cua vUdng trilu, hp ten quan chflc nha nUdc va cum tfl kd't thuc mang tinh quyin luc cua Hoang de "Kham thfl (Hay tuan lenh)" Nha Nguyen cdn chu trUdng trdng cay, lap mie'u va dUng bia tren Hoang Sa Nam 1833, nghe Bd Cdng tau "mot giai Hoang Sa trdi nfldc mdt mau, khdng phan biet dUdc ndng hay sau", "thuyen budn thfldng bi hai" nen sai chuin bi sang nam phai ngUdi den "trdng n h i l u eay", de "sau cay co'i to ldn, xanh td't, ngfldi d l phan biet, ngd hau tranh dUde nan mac can Dd cung la viec ldi mudn ddi" (36) Nam 1835, lai cho lap mie'u va dflng bia tren Hoang Sa Tai day cd mdt edn cat t r i n g , dupc mieu ta cay cd'i xanh um, ehu vi 1.070 trflpng, ten cu la nui Phat Tfl, phia tay nam trfldc day ed mie'u co vdi ta'm bia k h i c Rghien cCtu Ljeh ai3r so 8.2014 ehfl "Van Ly Ba Binh" (mudn dam song yen) Bd ba phia ddng, tay, nam deu cd da san hd thoai thoai, phia bac "giap vdi mgt cat toan da san hd, sflng sflng no'i len, chu vi 340 trUdng (1.360m), cao trfldng thude (5,2m), ngang vdi edn eat, gpi la Ban Than thach" Chinh tai day, nam trudc vua Minh Menh dinh "dflng mie'u, lap bia" nhflng vi sdng gid to chua lam dUdc va nam "mdi sai Cai dpi thiiy quan Pham Van Nguyen dem linh thd Giam cung phu t h u y i n hai tinh Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, chuyen chd vat lieu de'n dflng mid'u, each tda mid'u cd trfldng (28ra) Ben ta mid'u dUng bia da, phia trudc milu xay binh phong MUdi lam xong rdi ve~" (37) Khdm dinh Dgi Nam hgi dien sii le eho bie't them bia da cao thflde ta'c (0,60m), mat rpng thudc ta'c (0,48m) (38) Nhu vay la tda mie'u xay nam Minh Menh 16 (1835) xky each tda mie'u cd' trfldng tflc 28m Mieu va bia cung ed gia tri nhu mdt thfl md'c chu quyin Thu lugm sdn vgt, cda cdi Viing Hoang Sa ed nhilu san vat nhfl chim, ca, san hd, d'c, doi mdi, hai sam mk Le Quy Ddn va eac sach dia chi da midu ta tfl the ky XIII-XIX Hai q u i n dao lai la vung hiem yeu, cd nhieu bai cat, da ngam gay tai nan cho tau thuyen qua lai Mot s6' tau thuyen qua day bi tai nan, de lai mpt so vu khi, cua eai cae loai Tfl lieu cua thfldng nhan phUdng tay, eiia Cdng ty Ddng An Hi Lan, Cdng ty Ddng An Phap da ghi lai nhilu tai nan tren quan dao Hoang Sa, Trudng Sa \ ^ vay tfl thdi chua Nguyin, doi Hoang Sa da thu lUdm dUdc mdt so'hda vki ma Le Quy Ddn qua so saeh eua mdt Cai dpi dpi Hoang Sa la Thuyen Dflc hlu, da ghi lai mpt sd hda vat thu dupc nhfl, nam Nham Ngp (1702): 30 hot (thoi) bac, nSm Giap Than (1704): 5.100 can thiec, nam At Chau bin M&u Rguyln Dau (1705): 126 hot bac, tii nkm Ky Sflu (1709) den Quy Ty (1713): moi nam chi thu dfldc mdt it doi mdi, hai sam, cung cd nam thu dupe khdi thiec, bat sfl, k h i u sung ddng (39) Cdng viee khai thac dd dfldc tie'p tuc thdi Nguyin Theo Chdu bdn 15, doan khao sat nam 1838 thu dUdc dai bae bang ddng, cac loai da san hd do, cac loai chim va rua bien Rd rang ngudn thu khdng ldn va tha't thudng ndn khdng phai la muc tidu chu ylu eua eae doan khao sat Hoang Sa Khi vl trinh bao tai kinh thanh, nha nfldc chi gifl lai sung dai hac, ciia cai quy, cdn cac san vat khac thfldng tra lai cho dan phu Citu hg thuyen buon nudc ngodi Hai q u i n dao Hoang Sa-TrUdng Sa vdi nhflng dao vk bai cat, bai da n g l m thUdng gay tai nan cho nhflng tau thuyen qua day Dilu dd da dUdc ghi nhan qua nhilu tu Hdu tfl thdi chua Nguydn v l tfl lieu cua nfldc ngoai Chau ban ghi lai mot sd trfldng hdp tau nUdc ngoai bi nan tai Hoang Sa da dUde chinh quyen nha Nguyin td' chflc cflu hd Cd Chau ban 27 thang nam Minh Mdnh thfl 11 (1830) (40) ghi lai va mieu ta kha cu the mpt tau buon eua Phap bi nan d Hoang Sa Theo ldi tau ctia Thu ngi; ctia bien Da N i n g tdn la Nguyin Van NgU thi day la mdt thuyin budn ciia chii tau Phap ten la Dd-d-chi-ly, tai la Ydda, chd mdt phai vien cua trilu dinh la Le Quang Qu^nh, di sang Lfl Td'ng tfle Luzon cua Philippines budn ban Ngay 20 thuyin rdi bd'n thi 27 tha'y tai phd Y-doa va 11 thuy thii trd vl tren mot thuyin nhe, cho biet 21 thuyin qua phia tay Hoang Sa bi mic can nUde ngdp hdn thudc (3,2m), cdn chii thuyen va phai vien dem hdm bac eung 15 thuy thu len mdt thuyin khac di sau Dudc tin, Thu ngU Da N i n g da "lap tflc cho thuyen t u i n tilu d cfla tan mang nude ngpt bien tim kie'm" (Chdu bdn 1, 2) Sau dd, Thii ngu cua bien Da Nang lai tau: "Than lap tflc dilu ddng va sfle cho thuyin tuan tilu d cfla ta'n mang nude ngpt bidn tim kiem bpn phai vien, bao ve, dua hp ve cfla ta'n" (Chdu bdn 3, 4) Ke't qua thuyen t u i n tieu da gap va dfla thuyin eiia ehu thuyin cung phai vidn va 15 thuy thu v l cfla ta'n, ngUdi va eua eai deu an toan Mdt trUdng hdp cflu hd thfl hai dUdc chep lai Dgi Nam thde luc, chua tim tha'y ChSu ban Nam 1836, mpt thuyen budn cua Anh Cat Ldi di qua Hoang Sa bi mic can va vd dim, hdn 90 ngUdi bam vao van thuyin trdi dat vao bd bien Binh Dinh Vua Minh Menh nghe tin, giao cho tinh than lo eho ndi tru ngu, ca'p tien gao, lai phai Thi vd thong ngdn den tham hdi, ban cho thuyen trUdng, d i u muc mdi ngUdi ao doan vu hang mau, quin vai tay, ehan vai, ngUdi tfly tung mdi ngfldi bp quin ao vai mlu, rdi sai phai vien da tflng sang Tay phfldng la Nguyin Tri PhUdng, Vu Van Giai dem hp den Ha Chau (41) cho ve nude Su eflu giup dd lam cho hp rl^t cam kich (42) III May n h a n xet td'ng htfp Tfl the' ky XVII, hai q u i n dao Hoang Sa, TrUdng Sa da la mdt bd phan ciia lanh thd Viet Nam va chinh quyen cac chua Nguyin rdi Tay Sdn da thUc sU nam quyen quan ly va thue thi chu quyen Sang thdi Nguyin, eac boat ddng quan ly va thflc thi ehu quyin dd'i vdi hai quin dao dUdc td ehflc diu dan va nang len mdt t n n h mdi Qua nghien cflu 18 td Chau ban ket hdp vdi nhflng tu lieu lich sfl dUdng thdi, cd the rut ma'y nhan xet mang tinh ke't luan sau: Rghien cihi Ljch sJr sg 8.2014 Do nhan thflc sau sic ve vi the quan trpng cua hai q u i n dao Hoang Sa, Trfldng Sa luc dd gpi chung la xfl Hoang Sa, la "eUdng gidi trdn bien", "cfldng gidi trdn bien nude ta, xfl Hoang Sa la toi hiem yeu" ndn nha Nguyin nang edng vide quan ly va thUc thi ehii quyen ddi vdi hai quan dao len tam qud'c gia, dat dUdi sfl td' chflc va dilu hanh ciia trilu dinh nha vua trflc tie'p chi dao va phe duyet Dd la mdt n h i n thflc sau sic va thai dd trach nhiem cao cua nha Nguydn ddi vdi chu quyen tren hai q u i n dao Hoang Sa, Trfldng Sa Lflc lfldng khao sat va thuc thi chu quyen chuyin tfl dpi Hoang Sa mang tinh dan binh sang quan dpi thfldng true eua nha nUdc lay thuy binh va vd Giam trilu dinh dilu ddng lam ehu luc, ke't hdp vdi che dp thue thuyen va dan phu lam nghe danh ca ven bien vung Quang Ngai va tinh lan can Cfla bidn Sa Ky va dao Ly Sdn la ndi tap kd't lflc lUdng va xua't phat ciia cac cudc khao sat Hoang Sa, cung la ndi tuyen chpn dan phu lam thuy thu, lai thuyen, ngUdi hudng din Cac dpi thuyin quan ly va khao sat Hoang Sa thudng khoang tfl ba thuyen de'n sau thuyin gdm binh thuyen cua thuy quan va thuyen thue eua dan, dan phu, khdi hanh tfl thang 3, trd ve khoang thang am lich, trUde mua mfla bao va di ve thuan gio Cac Bd Binh, Bd Cdng, Bp Hd va Npi cac cua trieu dinh cflng tinh Quang Ngai va lan can lo ehuan bi chu dao cae dpt khao sat va phai tau len nha vua phe duyet Npi dung quan ly va thfle thi ehu quyen bao gdm cae hoat ddng: dac thuy trinh; dac va ve ban dd cac dao, bai cat; ghi chep Nhat ky; e l m cdt mdc ehii quyen; trdng eay; xay mieu, dflng bia, thu Ifldm cac san vat va cae thfl vu khi, eua cai cac tau thuyen bi d i m de lai Che' dp dieu quan dpi va thue dan phu, thuyen cua dan eiing nhU thudng phat sau mdi ehuyen khao sat dUde qui dinh rd rang, vfla nghidm k h i c de cao nhiem vu cdng sai, vfla Uu dd'i vdi binh linh, dan phu va nhflng ngUdi dat hidu qua eao Nhflng npi dung quan ly va thUc thi chii quyin n h u tren khdng chi phan anh tren Chau ban ma ca nhilu loai tu lieu khae, ed cac bd chinh sfl, hpi dien, dia chi eua vfldng t r i l u va nhflng ban dd cd', nhflng bp sii cua tfl nhan Ta't ca tao nen mot he thdng chflng cfl vflng chac v l chu quyen ciia Viet Nam ddi vdi hai q u i n dao Hoang Sa, Trfldng Sa thcli Nguyin Trong hd thd'ng tu lieu dd, toi dac bidt nha'n manh gia tri va vai trd ciia Ch^u ban Day la loai van thU mang tinh qud'c gia cd da'u "Ngfl phd", "NgU lam" m l u dd -cua hoang de' nha Nguyin cung cac loai da'u a'n eiia hoang de' va cac cd quan cua t r i l u dinh, ciia chinh quyin cac ca'p Ban t h a n Chau ban la nhflng van ban mang tinh phap ly cao nhd't cua qudc gia theo che' dp quan chu tap quyen Vi vay nhiing td Chdu bdn trieu Nguyen mang ngi dung ve cdc hogt dgng qudn ly vd thuc thi chu quyin cua Viit Nam doi vdi hai qudn ddo Hodng Sa, Tri/dng Sa Id nhUrig chUng cU mang gid tri kep, uii'o lich sit, vita phdp ly, nhiing chitng ct? co site thuyet phtic cao vd khong the tranh cdi Chau pan tneu ttgiiyen its' « ^ * - *5- •\ * A, % 4^ rtr >- p H •1 ft /i a t I'ji- fc -i!r )4) Chau ban 10 (1 va 4/4 tb) i^vfiy * ^ -K fi- ^ ^ *- -w 4>, - ^ as -y « -^ 1*- ;SL >fr 5** t< •J -if •f ">* * A « ;f^ yi- M •S: 1- t % i* ^: 1?^ 'S •% A -g' *- • « t**** »'-t •* * * A tf • ' IC -p Hf t K *> 41 * ^ Chau ban 11 (2 td) ftgluia elhi Mch s& so 8.2014 -T 'M «t ?t-^ jr d iif 4.r- *j *« s •S tt ifL i-y • ^ * -t- A JP *?= a t yK j^ « »T •i, r y p ^.'.^ -) -* -.K -? 37 ft ,- :** f A K 'iC ii~ ^' '? P.'t A * 7>J ^ Chau ban 12 (2 tft) 4^ + -5.^>^- -•''< ;'i •r 'i' /* -_>_ />-, -% ,^f -'^ -1 ^vX, d "f„ JS »A «t •'.'•^ -7.[-> Chau ban 13 (2 t&) :'k ":• Chau bAn hl&u Ttgay&a ^- UI > i.'V i*M - r- S' -i- y.'j) -* *- j>i- • ^ *- ';,; ilL •tr **' '\ f Chaubanl5(2t&) -I- s ;» t^ n ; i 1-4 J i Chau ban 16 (3 til) Rghien eini Lieh sii' s6 8.2014 - *•! «» Ig s« 55 i S 2- A « f t t 1" A ast »1 « «- A »«S • t* J* *( A-4 I if ; 11 5i t : ii£ =^ ^ i>^ «1 Chau ban 18 (2 tor) CHU THICH (19) DNTL, sdd, T 1, tr 222; Le Quy Don, PhU bien tgp luc, sdd, T 1, t r l l (20) Le Quy Don, Phu bien tgp luc, sdd, T 1, Ky, huyen Binh Sdn; ciia Thai Can la cfia song Tra Bong d^ Vung Quyt hay Dung Quat, tr 119-120 (21) KDDNHDSL, (25) DNNTC, sdd, T.l, tr 422-423 Quang Ngai CO ciia bien la: cila Sa Ky la ciia song Sa sdd, T.9 tr 17, 201; (22) KDDNHDSL, sdd, T.9, tr 205-207 (23) Cau van n h u sau; 'Thi ve Kham thien Giam c^p thiiy su binh thuyen" {Chdu bdn 13) Co t h i hieu va cham cau nhu sau: "Thi ve, Kham thien, Giam t h a n h huyen Binh Sdn; ciia Dai {hay Co Luy hay D^i Co Luy) la ciia song Tra Khiic va song Ve, huyen Tu DNTL, sdd, T 2, tr 923 cap thiiy sU binh thuyen" nghia la: Thi ve [ciia Bo Cong], Kham thien [giam], [ve] Giam va binh thuyen thuy quan Nghia; ciia My A la ciia s6ng Tra Cau, huySn Mo Dflc la huyen Dflc Ph6' va cfla Sa Huynh la ciia dam Nudc Man, huyen Dflc Pho (26) DNTL, sdd, T.l, tr 922 (27) Cau van nhU sau: ^ S t f e S S : K a * S S * sa : Thi ve Kham thien Giam cSp thiiy sU binh thuyen " (Chau ban 13) Co the hieu la: "Thi ve, Kham thien, Giam t h a n h cSp thiiy sU binh (24) Ddn vi chieu dai thdi Nguyin la thUdc luc dau dat thu6c rieng, tU nam Gia Long thif (1810) trcl lai thu6c thdi Le, thudc = 0,40m trUcfng = 10 thudc = 4m thuyen" nghia la: Thi ve, [Bo Cong], Kham thifin [giam], (ve] Giam t h a n h va binh t h u y i n thiiy quan Chau bim fri^ Rguyen 17 (28) Nguyen Thong, Viit sd thong gidm ciMng muc khdo lupc, Nxb Van h6a-Th6ng tin, Ha Noi, 2009, tr 138 Sa, Nxb Thong tin va Truyen th6ng Ha Noi, 2014, tr 21-22 ® M ^ S) + a (39) Le Quy Don, Phd bien tap luc, Sdd T.l, (40) Trong van ban ghi cflng 27 thang (31) Chau ban 13 bi mlit mot chfl vk thieu net motchfl: S E3 ^ (38) KDDNHDSL Q.207-26a tr 120 (30) DNTL sdd, T tr 532 [a?l[7I (37) DNTHL, Sdd, T 4, tr 673; xem them KDDNHDSL, Q.154-4b (29) Uy ban Nhan dan huyen dao Hoang Sa, Ky yi'u Hodng (36) DNTL, Sdd, T.3, tr 743 ^ — + y^ M Hk # : tfl tfl nguyet sd thap nh§t chi nhi t h a p luc nhSt, ddng [phong?] [ ? ] phat, vi tien phong dfldng Tam dich nhfl nam Minh Menh thfl 11 (1830): Ban la n g u y e n ban co dii dau va chfl Chau phe "Lam" (Da xem) va da'u "Ngfl t i l n chi bao" Ban la ban Npi cac sU vu Thi lang la Ha tren (32) DNTHL, Sdd, T 4, tr 867 Noi dung tUdng tu cung dUdc chep KDDNHDSL Q.221-26b (33) DNTHL, Sdd, T 5, tr 355; xem them Tong Quyen va Trfldng Dang Qu§' phung tfl ban gfli cho thuyen buon, chfl Chau phe "Lam" ch6p lai bang mflc den Ban la nguyen ban cung co du da'u va chfl Chau phe "Lam" (Da xem) va da'u "Ngfl tien chi KDDNHDSL, Q.194-7, 8a bao" (34) DNTHL, Sdd T.l tr 950 (35) c a u DNTL (T.4, tr 867) chep nhfl sau: "Minh Menh thfl 17 n5m Bfnh Than, Ban la ban tfl ban gfli cho thuyin buon nhfl trfldng hdp ban Chanh dpi trUdng sua't doi thuy quan Pham Hflu (41) Ha Chau la Mien Dudi, the ky XIX chi Nhat, vang m?nh di Hoang Sa nom dac, vflng Nam Dudng quan dao tflc viing Dong Nam A d^n day lflu lai nhflng chfl nay" (BJ ^ + "t ^ $ K ¥ i E m & 'V: m t& '^ B ^ m Minh Menh th^p t h a t nien, Binh Than, Chanh doi trudng sua't doi thiiy quan Pham Hflu Nhat vang Hoang Sa tUdng d6, chi thfl lUu chi dang tU) hai dao ndi co t h i la Tan Gia Ba tflc Singapore hay Giang Lflu Ba tflc Batavia, la Jakarta, Indonesia (42) DNTL, sdd, T.4, KDDNHDSL Q 176-la lb tr 1058 Xem [...]... tr 950 (35) c a u nay trong DNTL (T.4, tr 867) chep nhfl sau: "Minh Menh thfl 17 n5m Bfnh Than, Ban 4 la ban sao tfl ban 3 gfli cho thuyin buon nhfl trfldng hdp ban 2 Chanh dpi trUdng sua't doi thuy quan Pham Hflu (41) Ha Chau la Mien Dudi, the ky XIX chi Nhat, vang m?nh di Hoang Sa trong nom do dac, vflng Nam Dudng quan dao tflc viing Dong Nam A d^n day lflu lai nhflng chfl nay" (BJ ^ + "t ^ $ 7 K... nay la huyen Dflc Ph6' va cfla Sa Huynh la ciia dam Nudc Man, huyen Dflc Pho (26) DNTL, sdd, T.l, tr 922 (27) Cau van nhU sau: ^ S t f e S S : K a * S S * sa : Thi ve Kham thien Giam thanh cSp thiiy sU binh thuyen " (Chau ban 13) Co the hieu la: "Thi ve, Kham thien, Giam t h a n h cSp thiiy sU binh (24) Ddn vi do chieu dai thdi Nguyin la thUdc luc dau dat thu6c rieng, tU nam Gia Long thif 9 (1810) trcl... 2009, tr 138 Sa, Nxb Thong tin va Truyen th6ng Ha Noi, 2014, tr 21-22 ® M ^ S) + a (39) Le Quy Don, Phd bien tap luc, Sdd T.l, (40) Trong 4 van ban ghi cflng ngay 27 thang 6 (31) Chau ban 13 bi mlit mot chfl vk thieu net motchfl: S E3 ^ (38) KDDNHDSL Q.207-26a tr 120 (30) DNTL sdd, T 5 tr 532 [a?l[7I (37) DNTHL, Sdd, T 4, tr 673; xem them KDDNHDSL, Q.154-4b (29) Uy ban Nhan dan huyen dao Hoang Sa, Ky yi'u... Quat, tr 119-120 (21) KDDNHDSL, (25) DNNTC, sdd, T.l, tr 422-423 Quang Ngai CO 5 ciia bien la: cila Sa Ky la ciia song Sa sdd, T.9 tr 17, 201; (22) KDDNHDSL, sdd, T.9, tr 205-207 (23) Cau van n h u sau; 'Thi ve Kham thien Giam thanh c^p thiiy su binh thuyen" {Chdu bdn 13) Co t h i hieu va cham cau nhu sau: "Thi ve, Kham thien, Giam t h a n h huyen Binh Sdn; ciia Dai {hay Co Luy hay D^i Co Luy) la ciia... tien phong dfldng Tam dich nhfl nam Minh Menh thfl 11 (1830): Ban 1 la n g u y e n ban co dii dau va chfl Chau phe "Lam" (Da xem) va da'u "Ngfl t i l n chi bao" Ban 2 la ban do Npi cac sU vu Thi lang la Ha tren (32) DNTHL, Sdd, T 4, tr 867 Noi dung tUdng tu cung dUdc chep trong KDDNHDSL Q.221-26b (33) DNTHL, Sdd, T 5, tr 355; xem them Tong Quyen va Trfldng Dang Qu§' phung sao tfl ban 1 gfli cho thuyen... viing Dong Nam A d^n day lflu lai nhflng chfl nay" (BJ ^ + "t ^ $ 7 K ¥ i E m & 'V: m t& '^ B ^ m Minh Menh th^p t h a t nien, Binh Than, Chanh doi trudng sua't doi thiiy quan Pham Hflu Nhat vang Hoang Sa tUdng d6, chi thfl lUu chi dang tU) hai dao ngay nay ndi co t h i la Tan Gia Ba tflc Singapore hay Giang Lflu Ba tflc Batavia, nay la Jakarta, Indonesia (42) DNTL, sdd, T.4, KDDNHDSL Q 176-la lb tr