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1.It takes sb khoảng thời gian to do sth= sb spend khoảng thời gian doing sthVD: It took her 3 hours to get to the city centre.= She spent 3 hours getting to the city centre.2. Understand = tobe aware ofVD: Do you understand the grammar structure?= Are you aware of the grammar structure?3. Like = tobe interested in = enjoy = keen onVD: She likes politics= She is interested in politics4. Because + clause = because of + NVD: He can’t move because his leg was broken= He can’t move because of his broken leg5. Although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + NVD: Although she is old, she can compute very fast= Despite In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast6. Succeed in doing sth = manage to do sthVD: We succeeded in digging the Panama cannel= We managed to dig the Panama cannel7. Cấu trúc : …..too + adj (for sb) to do sth : quá để làm gìVD: My father is too old to driveso + adj + that Clause= It is such a an N that: quá đến nỗi màVD: She is so beautiful that everybody loves her.= It is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her.Adj Adv + enough (for sb) to do sth: đủ để làm gìVD: This car is enough safe for him to driveVD: The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robber8. Cấu trúc: prefer sb to do sth = would rather sb Vpast sth: thích, muốn ai làm gì
MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC HAY TRONG TIẾNG ANH It takes sb khoảng thời gian to sth= sb spend khoảng thời gian doing sth VD: It took her hours to get to the city centre = She spent hours getting to the city centre Understand = tobe aware of VD: Do you understand the grammar structure? = Are you aware of the grammar structure? Like = tobe interested in = enjoy = keen on VD: She likes politics = She is interested in politics Because + clause = because of + N VD: He can’t move because his leg was broken = He can’t move because of his broken leg Although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + N VD: Although she is old, she can compute very fast = Despite / In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast Succeed in doing sth = manage to sth VD: We succeeded in digging the Panama cannel = We managed to dig the Panama cannel Cấu trúc : … too + adj (for sb) to sth : để làm VD: My father is too old to driveso + adj + that Clause = It is such a/ an N that: mà VD: She is so beautiful that everybody loves her = It is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her Adj/ Adv + enough (for sb) to sth: đủ để làm VD: This car is enough safe for him to drive VD: The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robber Cấu trúc: prefer sb to sth = would rather sb Vpast sth: thích, muốn làm VD: I’prefer you (not) to smoke here = I’d rather you (not) smoked here Prefer doing sth to doing sth: thích làm làm Would rather sth than sth VD: She prefers staying at home to going out = She’d rather stay at home than go out 10 Can = tobe able to = tobe possible 11 Harly + had +S + Vpp when S + Vpast: sau thì… No sooner + had +S + Vpp than S + Vpast VD: As soon as I left the house, he appeared = Harly had I left the house when he appeared = No sooner had I left the house than he appeared 12 Not……… any more : không No longer + dạng đảo ngữ S no more V VD: I don’t live in the courtryside anymore = No longer I live in the coutryside = I no more live in the coutryside 13 At no time + dạng đảo ngữ: không nào, chẳng VD: I don’t think she loves me = At no time I think she loves me 14 Tobe not worth = there is no point in doing sth: không đáng làm 15 Tobe not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth: không đáng, vô ích làm VD: It’s not worth making him get up early = There is no point in making him getting early BÀI TẬP Các test (1~> 10) Tháng 2014 lúc 10:42 TEST Question 1: Certificates provide proof of your _ A ambitious B diplomas C qualifications D qualities KEY: C => qualifications: khả chuyên môn để làm việc Từ từ thích hợp để giải thích cho “Certificates” Dịch: Các chứng cung cấp chứng khả chuyên môn bạn =>ambitious: (adj) có hoài bão, có khát vọng => diploma: (n) văn bằng, cấp => quality: (n) chất lượng Question 2: Passengers requiring a special meal during the flight should inform the airline in A ahead B front C advance D forward KEY C => Cụm từ “IN ADVANCE”: đặt trước Question 3."Remember to phone me when you arrive at the airport" " _" A I B I will C I remember D I don't KEY B => “I will”: Dùng cách nói để khẳng định lời hứa làm việc Trong trường hợp bày tỏ lời hứa làm yêu cầu: “Nhớ gọi điện cho đến sân bay nhé!” Question 4.: If you're at a(n) end, you could help me in the garden A open B free C empty D loose KEY D => Cụm: “tobe at an loose end: rảnh rỗi, nhàn” Question 5.Could you move your car? You're the way of the entrance A on B in C at D to KEY B => in the way: làm trở ngại, chặn lối, ngáng đường On the way: dọc đường TEST 1.The American trust the news A don’t B doesn’t C not done D not to KEY A ~> Do chủ ngữ “The American” có nghĩa “người Mĩ hay dân tộc Mĩ” ~> Ta chia theo động từ số nhiều Tiện thể, nói cách chia động từ với “NHÓM TIẾNG NÓI, DÂN TỘC”: Tiếng nói dùng số ít, Dân tộc dùng số nhiều Tiếng nói dân tộc viết giống khác chỗ: dân tộc có “THE” tiếng nói Không có “THE” Ví dụ: Vietnamese IS various(Tiếng Việt phong phú) THE Vietnamese are very friendly and hospitable (Dân tộc VN hay người VN thân thiện hiếu khách) In the middle of the room four chairs and a table A been B are C was D is KEY B ~> Câu nằm topic đảo ngữ cụ thể đảo giới từ lên đầu câu, động từ chia theo chủ ngữ phía sau nó, cụ thể câu “Four chairs and table” ~> Chia theo số nhiều I’m afraid that you will be responsible if anything goes wrong A held B taken C carried D brought KEY A ~> Be held responsible for something = Take responsibility for something Các bạn nhớ để ý hai cấu trúc nhé! Sẽ dễ nhầm lần J The noise of the typewriter really _ me off I just couldn’t concentrate A put B pulled C set D took KEY A ~> Cụm động từ: “put sb off” có nghĩa “làm hứng thú làm việc = to make sb not want to sth” Nghĩa câu: “Tiếng ồn máy đánh chữ làm hứng thú làm việc Tôi thực tập trung được” Tìm sửa lỗi sai The earth was flat, was believed by most people in the fifteenth century A The earth B was believed C most people D the fifteenth KEY B ~> “which was believed” Chúng ta phải thêm “which” vào làm đại từ quan hệ dùng sau dấy phẩy để thay cho ý tưởng câu trước! ^^ TEST It is with _ regret that we have to inform you that your scholarship has been withdrawn A heavy B somber C high D deep KEY D ~> Cụm từ: deep/ profound regert: vô đáng tiếc Mike usually buys her clothes _ It’s cheaper than going to a dressmaker A in public B on the shelf C off the peg D on the house KEY C ~> cụm từ: “off the peg: quần áo may sẵn” If you pay the restaurant bill with your credit card, I’ll _ with you later A settle down B pay back C settle up D pay up KEY C ~> Cùng học từ vựng nhé! ~ Settle up with: trả nợ, toán ~ settle down: an cư lạc nghiệp, ổn định sống ~pay back + pay sb back (sth) = pay sth back (to sb): trả tiền người mà bạn vay + pay sb back (for sth): phạt làm cho phải chịu thiệt hại ~ pay up: hoàn trả tất số tiền mà bạn nợ (đặc biệt bạn không muốn trả trả muộn) - “Do you feel like going to the stadium this afternoon?” - “ ” A Oh, come on! Give it a try! B I feel very bored C You’re welcome D That would be great KEY D ~> “That would be great” Như thật tuyệt” câu đáp thong dụng để bày tỏ đồng ý mời chơi mời tham gia việc Unlike the other Asian states, Singapore has _ raw materials A hardly any B any hardly C hardly no D hardly some KEY A ~> hardly any= almost not any: Ý nghĩa câu: “Không giống với nước châu Á khác, Singapore gần nguyên liệu thô nào” TEST Make sure you book a ticket in A ahead B before C forward D advance KEY D ~> Cụm từ: in advance: đặt trước Chú ý động từ “book” đặt (chỗ, vé…) nhé! Although I don’t like you, your idea certainly gives me food _ A for fun B for consider C for thought D for thinking KEY C ~> Cụm từ : “food for thought: điều đáng để suy nghĩ” According to the …………… of the contract, tenants must give six months notice if they intend to leave A laws B rules C terms D details KEY C ~> Ở chúng ta thấy xuất hiện “contract” (hợp đồng), đó, phải cứ theo điều khoản (terms) chứ không phải luật pháp (laws), quy tắc (rules), hay chi tiết (details) He said it was an accident, but I know he did it on _ A purpose B aim C goal D reason KEY A ~> Cụm từ “on purpose: cố tình, cố ý” >< by accident= by coincidence= by chance: tình cờ, chủ ý The widespread use of pesticides and herbicides has led to the of ground water in many parts of the world A corruption B infection C poison D contamination KEY D ~> contamination = pollution: ô nhiễm Dịch:” Việc dùng phổ biến loại thuốc diệt côn trùng diệt cỏ dẫn tới ô nhiễm mạch nước ngầm nhiều nơi giới” Học từ nhé! ~> corruption: hối lộ, tham nhũng; mục nát, thối nát ~> infection: nhiễm độc, nhiễm trùng, ảnh hưởng ~> poison: chất độc thuốc độc “Don’t count your chickens _ before they are hatched” A after B since C while D before KEY D ~> Câu tục ngữ tiếng Việt: “ Nói trước bước không qua” Nghĩa đen câu là: “ Đừng đếm gà trước trứng nở” ^^ – Cindy: “Woaa Your hairstyle is terrific, Mary!” -Mary: “ ” A Yes, all right B Thanks Cindy, I had it done yesterday C Never mention it D Thanks, but I’m afraid KEY B ~> “Thanks Cindy, I had it done yesterday” lời cảm ơn bạn bè khen việc Chú ý tính từ “terrific” có nghĩa “tuyệt vời” = wonderful; đừng nhầm lẫn với tính từ “terrible=very bad” nha! 8.As you know, in England, my girldfriend has _ few friends A very B more C only D quite KEY A ~> Chúng ta ý mục nhỏ ngữ pháp với “a little, little, few, a few” ~> only, quite với a few, a little ~> very, so, too với little, few Doctors advise people who are deficient _ Vitamin C to eat more fruit and vegetables A in B of C from D for KEY A ~> “tobe deficient in ….” Có nghĩa “thiếu đó” 10 TÌm lỗi sai Passengers (are required) to (arrive to) the gate fifteen minutes (before) (departure time) A are required B arrive to C before D departure time KEY B ~> arrive to ~> arrive at: đến đâu Lưu ý: không dùng giới từ “to” sau động từ “arrive” nhé!^^ TEST If you want your children to play football well, you need to find a good _ A supervisor B teacher C coach D captain KEY C ~> coach: huấn luyện viên thể thao ~> supervisor: đốc công, người giám sát ~> teacher: giáo viên ~> captain: đội trưởng thể thao đại úy quân đội I can’t this noise any longer I’m going to write a letter of complaint to the local authority about this problem A put up with B take away from C get back to D make out of KEY A ~> put up with: chịu đựng ~> take away from: giảm bớt, làm yếu ~> get back to: trở lại ~> make out of: làm từ Each brides maid was carrying a small _ of flowers A bunch B branch C bundle D handful KEY A ~> bunch of flowers: bó hoa ~> branch: nhánh, cành ~> bundle: bọc, giỏi ~> handful: nhúm, nắm To get a passport, you nust send in your birth _ and two photos A certificate B paper C licence D card KEY A ~> birth certificate: giấy khai sinh ~> licence: chứng è driving licence: lái xe On the island the only representation of the Indian’s handicraft A does it main B remains C did it remain D remains it KEY B ~> Dạng đảo phần giới thiệu test Đảo ngữ với giới từ: “Giới từ + N + V(chia theo chủ ngữ) + S” It pays some professional advice before you make a decision A get B getting C to getting D to get KEY D ~> It pays + to V : có lợi làm Câu có nghĩa là: “ Sẽ có lợi nghe theo vài lời khuyên chuyên gia trước bạn định làm gì” Many a boy come up with many new ideas A have B has C have been D has been KEY B ~> Many a boy = Many boys Nhưng “many a/an + N (số ít) + V( chia số ít)” They are conducting a wide _ of surveys throughout Vietnam A collection B range C selection D group KEY B ~> Cụm từ: “a wide range of sth”= a variety of sth: nhiều loại khác Lỗi sai I get (quite depressed) when I think (about) the (damage) we are (making) to the environment A quite depressed B about C damage D making KEY D ~> making è causing Vì có danh từ “damage” nên ta dùng động từ “cause” thay “make” ~> “to cause damage to sth” = gây thiệt hại cho việc 10 UNICEF supports and funds for the most disadvantages children all over the world A presents B assists C provides D offers KEY C ~> “to provide sth for sb” cung cấp cho ai, “to provide sb with sth: cung cấp cho gì” Vì câu có giới từ “for” nên ta phải dùng “provide” ~> to assist sb in/ with sth: giúp đỡ việc ~> present sth to sb= offer sth to sb: tặng cho TEST The audience clapped _ the end of the show A at B in C to D for KEY A Phân biệt “at the end” “in the end” ~~> at the end + of sth: đến lúc mà dừng, kết thúc, phần cuối ~~> in the end= finally= at last: cuối cùng, rốt I don’t understand Can you explain this word _ me? A to B for C with D on KEY A ~> Cấu trúc: “TO EXPLAIN sth TO sb”: giải thích cho Let me _ you a nice warm bath and you’ll feel a lot better A make B run C get D build KEY B ~> TO RUN A BATH (FOR sb): đổ nước vào bồn tắm Cụm từ với “BATH” : have/take a bath Hello? Yes, I’d like to an appointment for tomorrow with Dr.Jane, please A form B C talk D make KEY D ~> MAKE/HAVE AN APPOINTMENT WITH s.o: hẹn gặp ~~> BREAK AN APPOINTMENT: thất hẹn, sai hẹn ~~> KEEP AN APPOINTMENT: hẹn Tìm lỗi sai (In spite of) the (heavy) rain, (all we) enjoyed the (excursion) A In spite of B heavy C all we D excursion KEY C all we ~~> all of us/ we all: dùng “all” trước đại từ nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ “we” Thay vào đó, dùng cách Tìm từ nghĩa We have lived there for years and (grown fond of the surrounding) That is why we not want to leave A planted many trees in the surroundings B haunted by the surroundings C loved the surroundings D possessed by the surroundings KEY C ~> grow fond of sth= be fond of sth: yêu thích gì, đặc biệt với vật mà ta gắn bó với lâu TEST He would win the race if he _ his brother’s example and trained harder A repeated B set C answered D followed KEY D ~> “TO FOLLOW ONE’S EXAMPLE”: làm theo gương If you put your money in a bank now, you may get 12% _ annually A interest B profit C money D income KEY A ~> interest: tiền lãi (số tiền mà có gửi ngân hang tổ chức tài khác) ~> profit: lợi nhuận (trong buôn bán) ~> income: thu nhập Tìm lỗi sai Mrs Jane, along (with) (her cousins) from New Zeand (are planning) (to attend) the festivities A with B her cousins C are planning D to attend KEY C ~> Khi câu có hai chủ ngữ, chủ ngữ theo sau “along with, together with, accompanied by, as well as…” động từ chia theo chủ ngữ đầu Many soldiers are in attendance him A of B at C in D on KEY D ~> TOBE IN ATTENDANCE ON S.O: phục vụ After his illness, Lam had to work hard to his classmates A catch sight of B keep pace with C get in touch with D make allowance for KEY B ~> keep pace with: theo kịp việc ~> catch sight of: bắt gặp ~> get in touch with: liên lạc với ~> make allowance for: dự phòng tính xảy ra, chiếu cố đến Tìm từ đồng nghĩa Yes, we went away on holiday last week, but it rained (day in day out) A every single day B every other day C every second day D every two days KEY A ~> every single day= day in day out: ngày ngày ~> every other day: ngày cách ngày TEST Tìm lỗi sai (Make sure) that you have (the words spell correctly); (otherwise), your form (won’t be accepted) A Make sure B the words spell correctly C otherwise D won’t be accepted KEY B: the words spell correctly => the words spelt correctly Ta để ý từ “have” nghĩ đến cấu trúc nhờ vả, sai khiến thể bị động ~~> HAVE sth DONE (by sb)= GET sth DONE Thể chủ động ~~> HAVE sb DO sth= GET sb TO DO sth There’s no in going to school if you’re not willing to learn A reason B point C aim D purpose KEY B ~~> THERE IS NO POINT IN + Ving…: không cần thiết…; chẳng ích Một số thành ngữ khác có nghĩa gần với cấu trúc trên: ~~> IT’S NO USE…/ IT’S NO GOOD…: không cần phải….; vô ích ~~~> IT’S NOT WORTH….: không đáng phải Sau tất những thành ngữ theo sau động từ dạng Ving He always the crossword in the newspaper before the dinner A does B works C writes D makes KEY A ~~> TO DO A/THE CROSSWORD: trò chơi ô chữ – Our parents not want us to buy one - That’s beside the _ The real problem is we can’t afford one A question B argument C issue D point KEY D ~~> Cụm từ: Beside the point: not important (không quan trọng, lề) We discussed it for a while and then we _ an agreement A had B drew C reached D approach KEY C ~~> TO REACH AGREEMENT: đến thỏa thuận, đồng ý She often _ with him in public A disagrees B rows C accepts D opposite KEY B ~~> TO ROW WITH sb ABOUT sth: cãi om sòm The girls and flowers _ he painted were vivid A who B which C whose D that KEY D ~~> Nếu câu dùng hai chủ ngữ: chủ ngữ người, chủ ngữ vật mệnh đề quan hệ theo sau ta phải dùng “THAT” không dùng “WHO” (chỉ riêng cho người) hay dùng “WHICH” (chỉ riêng cho vật) Just keep on the baby while I cook the supper, will you? A a look B a glance C an eye D a care KEY C ~~> keep an eye= pay attention to= take notice of sb/sth: để mắt, ý đến Nowadays, most students use calculators in their studies and examinations A electricity B electric C electronic D electrical KEY C ~~> electronic: điện tử ~~> electronic calculator: máy tính điện tử ~> electricity: điện ~> electric = electrical: thuộc chạy điện 10 _ that he does not want to stay any longer A Homesick though Beth may feel B So homesick does Beth feel C Beth feels such homesick D A little homesick does Beth feel KEY B ~~> SO + ADJ + trợ động từ/tobe + Clause+ that …: Đây hình thức đảo ngữ động từ dùng để nhấn mạnh Câu gốc là: “Beth feels so homesick that she does not want to stay any longer” TEST I hope you won’t take offence if I tell you the trurth A annoyance B offence C resentment D irritation KEY B ~~> TAKE OFFENCE = TAKE AMISS: lòng, phật lòng, để tâm giận ~> annoyance (n) quấy rối, làm phiền ~> resentment(n) bực bội, oán giận ~> irritation (n) chọc tức I am of hearing your excuses A tired B proud C keen D pride KEY A ~~> TOBE TIRED OF DOING STH/ N: phát chán ngán làm việc gì, thứ ~~> tobe proud of: tự hào ~~> tobe keen on: say mê, ham thích ~~> take (a) pride in sth/N: tự hào He pictured the scene in his mind’s A.thinking B sight C memory D eye KEY D `~~> ONE’S MIND’S EYE= ONE’S IMAGINATION: trí tưởng tượng The teenager took his father’s credit card and _7,000 dollars’ worth of purchases A made up B ran up C took up D put up KEY B ~~> RUN UP: (hóa đơn, nợ nần…) tích lũy lại She seems to _ on hard work A exist B live C thrive D benefit KEY C ~~> THRIVE ON: thành công, TEST 10 _ my knowledge, the chemicals which were found are not dangerous A To the best of B For the most of C To the farthest D For the best of KEY A: Idiom: “TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE”= “AS FAR AS I KNOW” : theo biết Dịch: Theo biết hóa chất tìm thấy không nguy hiểm My father usually has a _ egg and bread for breakfast A soft- boiling B boiling- soft C boiled- soft D soft- boiled KEY D ~~> SOFT- BOILED: trứng luộc sơ (vẫn lòng đào :3) >< HARD- BOILED: trứng luộc kĩ To the best of my _ that doctor’s name was Jane A thinking B recollection C mind D remembrance KEY B ~~> “TO THE BEST OF MY RECOLLECTION” = “ON THE TIP OF MY TONGUE”: nhớ không nhầm There has been a rash of burglaries in our area _ the last few months A through B since C over D while KEY C ~~> OVER THE LAST FEW MONTHS = IN/ DURING THE LAST FEW MONTHS “There is no further treatment we can give,” said Dr Jekyll We must let the disease take its A term B end C course D way KEY C ~~ Thành ngữ “TO TAKE ITS COURSE”: tiến triển tới đâu hay tới Dịch: “Bác sĩ Jekyll nói: Chúng không cách chữa trị khác Chúng ta đành phải để bệnh tiến triển tới đâu hay tới thôi”