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LÍ THUYẾT – BÀI TẬP VỀ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ + KEYS I. Chọn câu đúng: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.C 24.A 25.A 26.C 27.A 28.D 29.C 30.C 1. She gives her children everything ..................... they want. A. that B. who C. whom D. what 2. Tell me ...................... you want and i will try to help you. A. that B. what C.who D. which 3. The place ......................... we spent our holiday was really beautiful. A. what B. who C. where D. which 4.What was the name of the girl….passport was stolen? A. whose B. who C. which D. when 5. The bed ...................... I slept in was too soft. A. whose B. which C. what D. who 6. Nora is the only person ......................... understands me. A. which B. who C. what D. whose 7. Why do you always disagree with everything…I say? A. who B. which C. when D. what 8. this is an awful film. It is the worst…I have never seen. A. who B. that C. what D. whom 9.The hotel …we stayed was not clean. A. who B. that C. where D. when 10. The last time …I saw her, she looked very beautiful. A. who B. that C. where D. when 11. What was the name of the people …car had broken down. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 12. I recently went back to the town…I was born. A. what B. where C. who D. which 13.The reason ........................... I phoned him was to invite him to a party. A. what B. whose C. why D. which 14. I don’t agree with .................... you have just said. A. what B. who C. when D. which 15. She told me her address ........................ I wrote on a piece of paper. A. what B. which C. when D. where 16. The dress didn’t fit her, so she took it back to the shop ................... she had bought it. A. where B. which C. what D. when 17. Do you know the girl .......................... Tom is talking to? A. whom B. what C. which D. whose 18.I gave her all the money ............................ I had. A. that B. what C. when D. whose 19.The party .......................... we went to wasn’t very enjoyable. A. who B. when C. that D. where 20.The stories .............................. Tom tells are usually very funny. A. when B. that C. where D. who 21. I met the woman ............................. can speak 6 languages. A. who B. that C. which D. whom 22. Have you seen the money ........................... was on the table? A. who B. which C. where D. whom 23. Where is the picture ............................ was on the wall? A. when B. where C. which D. who 24 .I don’t like people ............................ never stop talking. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 25.Why does she always wear clothes .............................. are too small for her? A. which B. who C. whose D. where 26. The factory .................. John works in is the biggest in town. A. when B. where C. which D. how 27. Have you ever seen the photographs ...................... Ann took? A. that B. where C. when D. who 28. Everybody ........................ went to the party enjoyed it very much. A. that B. whose C. which D. who 29. 1945 was the year ........................ the second world war ended. A. which B. why C. when D. where 30. Is there a shop near hear ........................ I can buy a postcard? A. when B. which C. where D. who
Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com LÍ THUYẾT – BÀI TẬP VỀ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ + KEYS I Chọn câu đúng: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.C 24.A 25.A 26.C 27.A 28.D 29.C 30.C She gives her children everything they want A that B who C whom D what Tell me you want and i will try to help you A that B what C.who D which The place we spent our holiday was really beautiful A what B who C where D which 4.What was the name of the girl….passport was stolen? A whose B who C which D when The bed I slept in was too soft A whose B which C what D who Nora is the only person understands me A which B who C what D whose Why you always disagree with everything…I say? A who B which C when D what this is an awful film It is the worst…I have never seen A who B that C what D whom 9.The hotel …we stayed was not clean A who B that C where D when 10 The last time …I saw her, she looked very beautiful A who B that C where D when 11 What was the name of the people …car had broken down A which B who C whom D whose 12 I recently went back to the town…I was born A what B where C who D which 13.The reason I phoned him was to invite him to a party A what B whose C why D which 14 I don’t agree with you have just said A what B who C when D which 15 She told me her address I wrote on a piece of paper A what B which C when D where 16 The dress didn’t fit her, so she took it back to the shop she had bought it A where B which C what D when 17 Do you know the girl Tom is talking to? A whom B what C which D whose 18.I gave her all the money I had A that B what C when D whose 19.The party we went to wasn’t very enjoyable A who B when C that D where 20.The stories Tom tells are usually very funny A when B that C where D who Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com 21 I met the woman can speak languages A who B that C which D whom 22 Have you seen the money was on the table? A who B which C where D whom 23 Where is the picture was on the wall? A when B where C which D who 24 I don’t like people never stop talking A who B which C whom D whose 25.Why does she always wear clothes are too small for her? A which B who C whose D where 26 The factory John works in is the biggest in town A when B where C which D how 27 Have you ever seen the photographs Ann took? A that B where C when D who 28 Everybody went to the party enjoyed it very much A that B whose C which D who 29 1945 was the year the second world war ended A which B why C when D where 30 Is there a shop near hear I can buy a postcard? A when B which C where D who II Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT: The men _ lives next-door are English The dictionary _ you gave me is very good Do you know the girls _ are standing outside the church? The police are looking for the thieve _ got into my house last night The chocolate _ you like comes from the United States I have lost the necklace _ my mother gave me on my birthday A burglar is someone _ breaks into a house and steals things Buses _ go to the airport run every half hour I can’t find the key _ opens this door 10 I gave you a book _ had many pictures 11 I don’t like the boy _ Sue is going out with 12 Did you see the beautiful dress _ she wore yesterday 13 The man _ she is going to marry is very rich 14 This is the bank _ was robbed yesterday 15 He wore a mask _ made him look like Mickey Mouse III Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE: He arrived with a friend waited outside in the car The man mobile was ringing did not know what to The car the robbers escaped in was a BMW The woman daughter was crying tried to calm her down The postman works in the village is very old The family car was stolen last week is the Smiths The cowboy is wearing a red shirt looks very funny Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com A bus is a big car carries lost of people The volunteers, enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly 10 Children like music are often good at mathematics 11 The engineers designed the building received an award 12 The girl recited the poem is my niece 13 The townspeople, pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to build a new town hall 14 The Pacific Ocean, might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world’s largest ocean 15 The newspaper to we subscribe is delivered regularly IV Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Relative Pronouns: The first boy has just moved He knows the truth ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… I don’t remember the man You said you met him at the canteen last week ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… The only thing is how to go home It make me worried ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… The most beautiful girl lives city I like her long hair very much ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… He was Tom I met him at the bar yesterday ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… The children often go swimming on Sundays They have much free time then ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… They are looking for the man and his dog They have lost the way in the forest ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… The tree has lovely flowers The tree stands near the gate of my house ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… My wife wants you to come to dinner You were speaking to my wife ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… 10 The last man has just returned from the farm I want to talk to him at once ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… 11 The students will be awarded the present The students’ reports are very valuable ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… 12 The book was a lovely story I was reading it yesterday ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… 13 The botanist will never forget the day He found a strange plant on that day ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… 14 Someone is phoning you He looked for you three hours ago ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… 15 The man works for my father’s company The man’s daughter is fond of dancing ………………………………………… ………………………………………… …… Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com I Combine the following pairs of sentences by using: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or WHOSE I have some homework I must them tonight Mrs Brooks is an experienced teacher I have great respect for her I have seen several houses Most of them are quite unsuitable I talked to a woman Her car had broken on the way to the party _ The street is bad and narrow It leads to the my school _ She lives in a city This city is one of the largest cities in Viet Nam _ My grandfather enjoys hill walking He is in his seventies _ The children are eager to learn You met them at the party last month Graham took us to his office It was fill with books 10 The street is bad and narrow It leads to the my school II Reduce the following relative pronouns by using : VING, V3/VED, or TO-V The couples who live in the house next door are both college professors _ Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way _ She is the only person who receives this scholarship _ They refused to carry out the plan which was worked out by the city council _ The people who were waiting for their children in the examination room looked nervous My brother was the only man who realized the danger _ The man who teaches my son is my friend _ The computers which are used here are very old John was the last person who left the room 10 Do you know the woman who made a very interesting speech last night? Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com ĐÁP ÁN I Chọn câu đúng: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.C 24.A 25.A 26.C 27.A 28.D 29.C 30.C II Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or THAT: The men _who _ lives next-door are English The dictionary _which _ you gave me is very good Do you know the girls _who _ are standing outside the church? The police are looking for the thieve _who _ got into my house last night The chocolate _which _ you like comes from the United States I have lost the necklace _which _ my mother gave me on my birthday A burglar is someone _that _ breaks into a house and steals things Buses _that _ go to the airport run every half hour I can’t find the key _which _ opens this door 10 I gave you a book _which _ had many pictures 11 I don’t like the boy _who _ Sue is going out with 12 Did you see the beautiful dress _which _ she wore yesterday 13 The man _whom _ she is going to marry is very rich 14 This is the bank _which _ was robbed yesterday 15 He wore a mask _which _ made him look like Mickey Mouse III Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH or WHOSE: He arrived with a friend _who _ waited outside in the car The man _whose _ mobile was ringing did not know what to The car _which _ the robbers escaped in was a BMW The woman _whose _ daughter was crying tried to calm her down The postman _who _ works in the village is very old The family _whose _ car was stolen last week is the Smiths The cowboy _who _ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny A bus is a big car _which _ carries lost of people The volunteers, _whose _ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly 10 Children _who _ like music are often good at mathematics 11 The engineers _who _ designed the building received an award 12 The girl _who _ recited the poem is my niece 13 The townspeople, _whose _ pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to build a new town hall 14 The Pacific Ocean, _which _ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world’s largest ocean 15 The newspaper to which _ we subscribe is delivered regularly IV Combine These Pairs Of Sentences Using Relative Pronouns: The first boy who knows the truth has just moved I don’t remember the man whom you said you met at the canteen last week The only thing which make me worried is how to go home Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com The most beautiful girl, whose long hair I like very much, lives in this city The man whom I met at the bar yesterday was Tom The children often go swimming on Sundays when they have much free time They’re looking for the man and his dog that have lost the way in the forest The tree which stands near the gate of my house has lovely flowers My wife, whom you were speaking to, wants you to come to dinner 10 I want to talk to the last man who has just returned from the farm 11 The students whose report are very valuable will be awarded the present 12 The book which I was reading yesterday was a lovely story 13 The botanist will never forget the day when he found a strange plant 14 The person who looked for you three hours ago is phoning you 15 The man whose daughter is fond of dancing works for my father’s company Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ I Định nghĩa - Mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề phụ nối với mệnh đề đại từ quan hệ (who, whom, whose, which, that ) hay trạng từ quan hệ (where, when, why) Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng đằng sau danh từ, đại từ mệnh đề để bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ, đại từ ấy,phân biệt danh từ đại từ với danh từ đại từ khác Chức giống tính từ gọi mệnh đề tính ngữ II CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ Who: -Là đại từ quan hệ người làm chủ ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ người để làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.-Theo sau who động từ Eg: The man who is sitting by the fire is my father ->That is the boy who helped me to find your house Whom: -Là đại từ quan hệ người làm tân ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ người để làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.-Theo sau whom chủ ngữ Eg: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.->The boy whom we are looking for is Tom Which:Là đại từ quan hệ vật, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ sau -Theo sau which động từ chủ ngữ Eg: This is the book I like it best.=> This is the book which I like best The hat is red It is mine.=> The hat which is red is mine -Khi which làm tân ngữ, ta lược bỏ which Eg: This is the book I like best The dress (which) I bought yesterday is very beautiful That: Là đại từ quan hệ người lẫn vật, dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restricted Clause (Mệnh đề xác định) Eg: That is the book that I like best.=>That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom My father is the person that I admire most I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park 5.Whose:Là đại từ quan hệ người, thay cho tính từ sở hữu Whose dùng cho of which -Theo sau Whose danh từ Eg: The boy is Tom You borrowed his bicycle yesterday Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com => The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom John found a cat Its leg was broken John found a cat whose leg was broken III CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ When: trạng từ quan hệ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ thời gian, dùng thay cho at, on, in + which, then Eg: May Day is the day when people hold a meeting (= on which) I’ll never forget the day when I met her (=on which) That was the time when he managed the company (= at which) Where: trạng từ quan hệ nơi trốn, thay cho a, on, in + which; there) Eg: That is the house where we used to live (= in which) Do you know the country where I was born? Hanoi is the place where I like to come Why: trạng từ quan hệ lí do, đứng sau tiền ngữ “the reason”, dùng thay cho “for the reason” Eg: Please tell me the reason why you are so sad (= for which) He told me the reason why he had been absent from class the day before IV CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: có ba loại mệnh đề quan hệ 1.Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định ( restrictive relative clause) -Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, phận quan trọng câu,nếu bỏ mệnh đề nghĩa rõ ràng Eg The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting 2.Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non- restrictive relative clause ) -Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước,là phần giải thích thêm, bỏ mệnh đề nghĩa rõ ràng -Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường ngăn với mệnh đề dấu phẩy Danh từ đứng trước thường tên riêng trước danh từ thường có từ như: this, that, these, those, my, his her…đứng trước - Không dùng that mệnh đề không xác định Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com Eg My father, who is 50 years old, is a doctor This girl, whom you met yesterday, is my daughter 3.Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp - Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp dùng để giải thích câu, trường hợp dùng đại từ quan hệ which dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề Mệnh đề đứng cuối câu Eg He admires Mr Brown, which surprises me Mary tore Tom’s letter, which made him sad V.DẠNG RÚT GỌN CỦA MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn theo cách: 1.Using participle phrases (sử dụng phân từ) - Present participle: Dùng cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể chủ động Ta dùng present participle phrase thay cho mệnh đề (bỏ đại từ quan hệ trợ động từ, đưa động từ nguyên mẫu thêm –ing) The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle The man sitting to you is my uncle Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night? 2.Using past participle: - Past participle: Dùng cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể bị động (Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, trợ động từ bắt đầu cụm từ past participle) Eg1The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting The books written by To Hoai are interesting Eg2 The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy The students punished by the teacher are lazy Eg3 The house which is being built now belongs to Mr Pike The house built now belongs to Mr Pike 3.Using “to infinitive” or “infinitive phrase” (for sb to do): Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, bỏ chủ ngữ trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ “infinitive” English is an important language which we have to master => English is an important language to master There is a good restaurant where we can eat good food Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com -Dùng danh từ đứng trước có từ sau : ONLY, LAST, FIRST, SECOND Ex: This is the only student who can the problem (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động) This is the only student to the problem -Động từ HAVE Ex: I have something that I must now (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động) I have something to now -Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE) Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today (động từ mang nghĩa bị động) There are six letters to be written today GHI NHỚ : Trong phần to inf cần nhớ điều sau: - Nếu chủ từ mệnh đề khác thêm cụm for sb trước to inf Ex: We have some picture books that children can read We have some picture books for children to read Tuy nhiên chủ từ đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone không cần ghi Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about - Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ phải đem xuống cuối câu Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat We have a peg to hang our coat on 3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ ) Dùng mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng: S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ Cách làm: -bỏ who ,which be Ex: a Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health Football, a popular sport, is very good for health Ex: b Do you like the book which is on the table? Do you like the book on the table? PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN: Bước : - Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chổ Bước dễ mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu WHO,WHICH,THAT Bước : Bước chủ yếu rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm từ Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ? Nếu có áp dụng công thức Nếu công thức xem tiếp trứoc who which có dấu hiệu first ,only v v không ,nếu có áp dụng công thức (to inf ) lưu ý thêm xem chủ từ có khác Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com không ( để dùng for sb ) Nếu trừong hợp xét xem câu chủ động hay bị động mà dùng VNG hay P.P EXERCISE 2: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with ………………………………………………………………………………………… I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with ………………………………………………………………………………………… I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in ………………………………………………………………………………………… The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with ………………………………………………………………………………………… My files are all over the place I wish I had a box that I could keep them in ………………………………………………………………………………………… She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards ………………………………………………………………………………………… You are the last person who saw her alive ………………………………………………………………………………………… He simple loves parties He is always the first who comes and the last who goes ………………………………………………………………………………………… The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which had been built on the Clyde ………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 He was the second man who was killed in this way ………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon ………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament ………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Here are some accounts that you must check ………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss ………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 He was the man who was saved in the fire ………………………………………………………………………………………… Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com 16 Anyone who doesn’t want to take part in the meeting must inform the board ………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 The teacher who takes the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan ………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 .She’s just bought a handbag which was made of crocodile skin ………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 I met a man who had been working in this factory for a long time ………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 The story which was told by my grandma was interesting ………………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER: That’s my friend, _ comes from Japan A which B who C whom D where The plants which in the living room need a lot of water A are B be C is D was She’s the woman _ sister looks after the baby for us A who B which C that’s D whose That’s the doctor for Cliff works A that B which C whom D whose Marie, I met at the party, called me last night A that B whom C which D whose I remember Alice, rode the bus to school with A I B whom I C which I D who I used to enjoy the summer, we had a big family picnic A where B when C which D that Tell me about the city you grew up A that B where C which D ø Anna found the book that wanted at the bookshop A ø B where C she D which 10 Please remember to take back to the library all the books are due this week Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com A ø B that C when D they 11 He likes the dress Huong is wearing it A He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it B He likes the dress Huong is wearing it C He likes the dress who Huong is wearing D He likes the dress Huong is wearing 12 Most of the classmates couldn't come He invited them to the birthday party A Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come B Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come C Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come D Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come 13 What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning A What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning? B What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning? C What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning? D What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning? 14 The church is over 500 years old Our class visited it last summer A The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old B The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old C The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old D The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old 15 The song says about the love of two young stdents She is singing the song A The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents B The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents C The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing D The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it ANSWER: EXERCISE 1: Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun The girl who/that chatted with you yesterday is my cousin The man who/that spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen is very kind The architect who/that designed these flats has moved to HCM City The young boy who/that rides an expensive motorbike is naughty I’m reading the book which/that I bought in 1996 Do you know the man who/that is sharing the flat with me? The young man who is talking to our teacher is Ba’s brother The monument which we visited was built a hundred years ago The game which/that the boys are interested in is a popular game all over the world Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com 10 You have no need to tell me the reason why/ for which you are often late for work 11 The people who/that we visited are homeless after the flood 12 I don’t like the films which/that have unhappy ending 13 I know the man whose son broke your windows 14 The girl whose parents work with me is very kind 15 The village has around 200 people, the majority of whom are farmers 16 She hasn’t eat anything, which makes her parents worried 17 The student who/that sits next to me is from China 18 I thanked the woman who/that had helped me 19 Mr.Pike, whose course I am taking, is excellent 20 People have enjoyed plays which/that Shakespeare wrote for four centuries EXERCISE 2: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone to play with I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything to open with I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden for him to play in The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep with My files are all over the place I wish I had a box to keep in She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to send cards to You are the last person to see her alive He simple loves parties He is always the first to come and the last to go The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the Clyde 10 He was the second man to be killed in this way 11 Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon 12 Lady Astor was the first woman to take her seat in Parliament 13 Here are some accounts for you to check 14 People listening to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss 15 He was the man saved in the fire 16 Anyone not wanting to take part in the meeting must inform the board 17 The teacher taking the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan 18 .She’s just bought a handbag made of crocodile skin 19 I met a man working in this factory for a long time 20 The story told by my grandma was interesting EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER: B A D C B 11 D 12 A 13 B 14 C 15 B B B B C 10 B Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ) * Đại từ quan hệ: WHO: chủ từ, người N (người) + WHO + V + O … WHOM: - làm túc từ, người … N (người) + WHOM + S + V WHICH: - làm chủ từ túc từ, vật ….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O ….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V THAT: - thay cho vị trí who, whom, which mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định * Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”: - sau hình thức so sánh - sau từ: only, the first, the last - sau đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none - danh từ trước bao gồm người vật * Các trường hợp không dùng that: - mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định - sau giới từ WHOSE: dùng để sở hữu cho danh từ người vật, thường thay cho từ: her, his, their, hình thức ‘s … N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V … WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason … N (reason) + WHY + S + V … WHERE: thay từ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there ….N (place) + WHERE + S + V … (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) WHEN: thay từ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then ….N (time) + WHEN + S + V … (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) * Mệnh đề quan hệ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định: dùng danh từ không xác định, dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: dùng danh từ xác định, có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề trạng từ nhượng bộ) Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com Mệnh đề nhượng bộ: Although / Even though / Though + S + V, S + V + O: Cụm từ nhượng bộ: Despite / in spite of + V-ing / Noun phrase: Rút gọn mệnh đề nhượng thành cụm từ nhượng bộ: a Though / although + đại từ + be + adj → Despite / In spite of + tính từ sở hữu + N b Though / although + N + be + adj Despite / in spite of + the + adj + N a Though / although + S + V + O Despite / in spite of + V-ing + O (2 chủ từ phải giống nhau) MODALS (Động từ khiếm khuyết) May / might KĐ: May / Might + V1: PĐ : May / Might not + V1: diễn tả - suy đoán (không chắn) - xin phép, cho phép Must / mustn’t Must +V1: (phải), diễn tả điều bắt buộc (có tính chủ quan) Mustn’t + V1: (không được), diễn tả cấm đoán have to + V1: phải, (có tính khách quan) Note: Quá khứ have to had to + V1 Phủ định have to don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1 should + V1 = ought to + V1: nên CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF RESULT (Mệnh đề cụm từ kết quả) Mệnh đề kết quả: a so ….that (quá … đến nỗi) S+ be + so + adj + that + S + V …… S+ V thường + so + adv + that + S + V …… such … that (quá … đến nỗi) S+ V + such (a/an) + N + that + S + V …… Cụm từ kết quả: Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com a enough ….to (đủ … để có thể) S + be + adj + enough (for O) + to-inf (dùng for+ O chủ từ khác nhau) S + V thường + adv + enough (for O) + to-inf S + V + enough + N + to-inf b too ….to (quá ….không thể) S + be (look / seem / become / get) + too + adj (for O) + to-inf S + V thường + too + adv (for O) + to-inf TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG - many + N đếm số nhiều: nhiều - much + N không đếm được: nhiều - few + N đếm số nhiều: (không đủ để dùng) - a few + N đếm số nhiều: (đủ để dùng) - some + N đếm được, không đếm được: vài, - a lot of + N đếm được, không đếm được: nhiều - little + N không đếm được: (không đủ để dùng) - a little + N không đếm được: (đủ để dùng) HIỆN TẠI PHÂN TỪ VÀ QUÁ KHỨ PHÂN TỪ (-ing and –ed participles) - Hiện phân từ: thường dùng miêu tả vật, mang ý chủ động - Quá khứ phân từ thường dùng miêu tả người, mang ý bị động * Một số phân từ khứ phân từ thường gặp Ex: suprise surprising surprised ngạc nhiên bore boring bored chán, dở excite exciting excited hào hứng, phấn khởi interest interesting interested thú vị, hứng thú amuse amusing amused buồn cười, vui nhộn disappoint disappointing disappointed thất vọng tire tiring tired mệt mỏi MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC KHÁC Lối nói phụ họa: a Đồng ý theo câu khẳng định, dùng: - S + V trợ + too - So + V trợ + S b Đồng ý theo câu phủ định, dùng: - S + V trợ (phủ định) + either - Neither + V trợ (khẳng định) + S Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing ….? Do you mind if I + V (Hiện đơn)….? Would you mind if I + V (Quá khứ đơn) ….? Đổi khứ đơn sang hoàn thành S + last + V khứ đơn + thời gian + ago - S + V hoàn thành (phủ định) + for + thời gian - It’s + thời gian + since + S + last + V khứ đơn - The last time + S + V khứ đơn + was + thời gian + ago Ex: I last went to Dalat nine years ago - I It The This is the first time + S + HTHT khẳng định - S + HTHT never + before Ex: This is the first time I have visited Hanoi - I used to KĐ: S + used to + V1 (đã từng) PĐ: S + didn’t use to + V1 (không từng) NV: Did + S + use to + V1 ? (có ….không) be used to / get used to + V-ing: quen với It takes / took + O + time + to-inf… S người + spend + time + V-ing… It is + adj + to-inf → V-ing + be + adj : thật … để … Cụm từ mục đích: S + V + to / in order to / so as to + V1: để S + V + in order not to / so as not to + V1: để không PRONUNCIATION I CÁCH PHÁT ÂM -S/-ES - Có cách phát âm –s –es tận * đọc thành âm /iz/ với từ có âm cuối / s, z, ∫, t∫, d / * đọc thành âm /s/ với từ có âm cuối / p, t, k, f, θ / * đọc thành âm /z/ với trường hợp lại II CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –ED - Có cách phát âm –ed tận * đọc thành âm /id/ với từ có âm cuối / t, d / * đọc thành âm /t/ với từ có âm cuối /p, f, k, s, ∫, t∫, θ / Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com * đọc thành âm /d/ với trường hợp lại III TRỌNG ÂM - Danh từ tận –OO hay –OON: trọng âm đặt vần Ex: after’noon, bam’boo, bal’loon…… - Những từ có hậu tố là: -ade, -ee, -ese, -ette, -ique, -eer, -ain trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết Ex: lemo’nade, ciga’rette, Vietna’mese, … - Âm tiết liền trước hậu tố -tion, -ical, -ual, -ian, -ical, -ity, -graphy, -ics, -logy thường nhận trọng âm Ex:, trans’lation, eco’nomic, uni’versity, poli’tician, soci’ology, mathe’matics - Đặt âm thứ trước hậu tố -ize, -ary Ex: ‘modernize, ‘dictionary, i’maginary THÀNH LẬP TỪ, TỪ LOẠI Cách nhận biết từ loại: a Cánh nhận biết danh từ: danh từ thường có hậu tố sau: - tion / ation invention, information -ment development, instrument - ence / ance difference, importance - ness happiness, business - er (chỉ người) teacher, worker, writer, singer - or (chỉ người) inventor, actor - ist (chỉ người) physicist, biologist - age teenage, marriage - ship friendship, championship b Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thường có hậu tố sau: - ful useful, helpful, beautiful - less (nghĩa phủ định) homeless, careless (noun) - al (thuộc về) natural, agricultural - ous dangerous, famous - ive expensive, active - ic electric, economic - able fashionable, comfortable c Cánh nhận biết trạng từ: trạng từ thường có hậu tố -LY Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ: - good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt - late (a) late / lately (adv): trễ, chậm - ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, - fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh - hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm hardly (adv): không Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com Chức số từ loại: a Danh từ (Noun) Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books Sau - mạo từ: a /an / the - từ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, … - từ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several - tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its… He is a student These flowers are beautiful She needs some water Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) She buys books She meets a lot of people Sau giới từ (prep + N) He talked about the story yesterday He is interested in music Trước V chia (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived Sau enough (enough + N) I don’t have enough money to buy that house b Tính từ (Adj) Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books Sau TO BE I am tired Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem … It becomes hot She feels sad Sau trạng từ (adv + adj) It is extremely cold I’m terribly sorry She is very beautiful Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com Sau too ( be + too + adj) That house is too small Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large enough Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can’t speak A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) +Noun My new car is blue c Trạng từ (Adv) Sau V thường He drove carefully Trước Adj I meet an extremely handsome man Giữa cụm V She has already finished the job Đầu câu trước dấu phẩy Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the party Sau too V + too + adv They walked too slowly to catch the bus Trong cấu trúc V + so + adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident Trước enough V + adv + enough You should write clearly enough for every body to read Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com [...]... giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ thì ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ và có thể dùng that thay cho whom và which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định -Khi giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ thì ta có không thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ và có không thể dùng that thay cho whom và which VII.Lưu ý về mệnh đề quan hệ 1 Các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định đều có thể lược bỏ Eg Do you know the... hai đại từ quan hệ là Whom và which thường có giới từ đi kèm và giới từ có thể đứng trước các đại từ quan hệ hoặc cuối mệnh đề quan hệ Eg1 The man about whom you are talkingis my brother The man (whom) you are talking about is my brother Eg2The picture at which you are looking is very expensive The picture ( which) you are looking at is very expensive Chú ý: -Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ thì... That’s the house (which) I have bought -Tuy nhiên các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định không thể lược bỏ Eg Mr Tom, whom I spoke on the phone to , is very interested in our plan Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com 2 Khi danh từ được nói đến là tân ngữ của giới từ, ta có thể đưa giới từ đó đứng trước đại từ quan hệ Trường hợp này chỉ được dùng Whom và Which Miss... Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about - Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat We have a peg to hang our coat on 3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ ) Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng: S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ Cách làm: -bỏ who ,which và be Ex: a Football, which is a popular sport, is very good... book which is on the table? Do you like the book on the table? PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN: Bước 1 : - Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chổ nào Bước này dễ vì mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu bằng WHO,WHICH,THAT Bước 2 : Bước này chủ yếu là rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm từ 1 Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ? Nếu có áp dụng công thức 3 2 Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp... mệnh đề quan hệ không xách định có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm danh từ Eg1 George Washington, who was the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army George Washington, the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army Eg2 We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain VI.GiớI Từ ĐI VớI MệNH Đề QUAN Hệ: ... infinitive / to be + P.P ) Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com -Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau đây : ONLY, LAST, FIRST, SECOND Ex: This is the only student who can do the problem (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động) This is the only student to do the problem -Động từ là HAVE Ex: I have something that I must do now (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động) I have something to do now -Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE... letters which have to be written today (động từ mang nghĩa bị động) There are six letters to be written today GHI NHỚ : Trong phần to inf này cần nhớ 2 điều sau: - Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf Ex: We have some picture books that children can read We have some picture books for children to read Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone... bought the only book that they had You’re the very man that I would like to see d Sau các đại từ bất định He never says anything that is worth listening to./ I’ll tell you something that is very interesting WHO : dùng thế cho chủ từ - ngừoi / WHOM : dùng thế cho túc từ - ngừoi WHICH : dùng thế cho chủ từ lẫn túc từ - vật./ WHEN :dùng thế cho thời gian WHERE :dùng thế cho nơi chốn Mr Harry Nguyen – dihocando@gmail.com... Which / WHOSE : dùng cả cho người và vật This is the book Its cover is nice -> This is the book whose cover is nice -> This is the book the cover of which is nice WHOSE :đứng trứoc danh từ OF WHICH : đứng sau danh từ (danh từ đó phải thêm THE) OF WHICH : chỉ dùng cho vật ,không dùng cho người This is the man His son is my friend./ -> This is the man the son of which is my friend ( sai ) -> This is the