RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO-INFINITIVE 1.PRESENT PARTICIPLES (active) Examples: - The man who stands at the door is my uncle - The man who is / was standing at the door is my uncle - The man who stood at the door is my uncle  The man standing at the door is my uncle * Notes: We can use a present participle to replace a relative clause which has an active meaning Past participles (passive) Examples: - The woman who is / was given a flower looks / looked very happy  The woman given a flower looks / looked very happy * Notes: We can use a past participle to replace a relative clause which has a passive meaning Infinitive relative clause: (active / passive) Examples: a Active: - The first student who comes to class has to clean the board  The first student to come to class has to clean the board b Passive: - The only room which was painted yesterday was Mary’s  The only room to be painted yesterday was Mary’s * Notes: We can use an active or a passive to-infinitive after an ordinal number (first, second, ), next, after, last, only, and an indefinite pronoun (something, anything, …) * Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences using present participle, past participle or to-infinitive: Maxicorp were the only company which replied my letter  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Do you the man who is talking to my father ?  ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Applications which were sent after 23rd will not be considered  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… We have a lot of exercises which we hace to toninght  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Studies of her son are the most important thing that she cares about  ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The equipment which belongs to the club is insured  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… George is the first person that we will interview  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Meetings which are held every month are called monthly meetings  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The most excellent students who were rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in Vung Tau  ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The trees which were planted last week are growing well  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 The man who is talking to John is from Korea  …………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting  …………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Ann is the woman who is responsiple for preparing the budget  …………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 The books that are on that shelf is mine  …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 The children who attend that school receive a good education  …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 The sunlight which comes through the window wakes me up early every morning  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 John quincy Adams, who was born on July 11th 1767, was the sixth president of the United States  …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 These are the ancient houses which were built a long time ago  …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO-INFINITIVE Exercise 2: The building _ has now been rebuilt was destroyed in the fire A which B what C who D whose Which of the following words has the underlined part pronounced differrently from the others? A Christmas B characters C school D reaches The Post Office is equipped _ advanced technology and a spacious pretty place for transaction A for B of C in D with It is really an area of _ beauty A landscape B scenic C land D scenery What you call a man interest is in mathematics? A whom B that C who D whose A fund will be set up for the species A endangering B popular C dangerous D endangered The office……………… my sister works is on the fifth floor A where B which C in which D that John was the last student _ the lecture hall A to leave B leaving C left D leave Which of the following words has the underlined part pronounced differrently from the others? A tendency B mend C scene D send 10 Which of the following words has different stress pattern from the others? A technology B influence C develop D tradition 11 The Sport Games in India in 1915 were the first Asian Games A hold B to hold C holding D held 12 Hundred species of animals are danger of extinction A on B in C of D out 13 That's the doctor for - Cliff works A that B whom C whose D which 14 Did you meet the girl _ was chosen as our monitor? A which B whose C who D whom 15 The speedy and secure service of transferring money can be useful A hurried B careful C rapid D slow 16 Can you remember the girl _ you the way? A to show B showing C showed D show 17 The novel _ by Patrick is a best- seller A to write B writing C wrote D written 18 I don't know the name of the woman _ I met yesterday A whom B A and C C who D whose 19 The children that school receive a good education A attend B to attend C attended D attending 20 What's the name of the man car you borrowed? A who B whom C which D whose 21 The hotel staff are friendly and A unhelpful B courteous C discourteous D impolite 22 The man I told you works in the hospital A about who B about whom C whom D who 23 It was a service _ I was grateful A for that B which C for which D at which 24 I met Jane's father, works at the university A whose B who C that D whom 25 Which of the following words has different stress pattern from the others? A available B population C developing D community 26 My brother Jim, _ lives in Houston, is a doctor A which B who C whom D that 27 My brother is the only one the danger A realizing B realized C realize D to realize 28 Do you know Paris, has been considered as the "cradle of fashions"? A that B when C where D which 29 Which of the following words has the underlined part pronounced differrently from the others? A season B secrect C serious D sugar 30 The car……….is blue is mine A who B whom C which D in which 31 Which of the following words has different stress pattern from the others? A increase B resource C visit D control 32 It is him _ help me last night A that B which C whose D whom 33 The bed in - I slept was too soft A who B where C which D what 34 Charlie Chaplin, _ was a comedian, was best known for his work in silent movies A whose B who C which D whom 35 The picture she was looking was beautifuf A at which B at that C for which D which 36 Every one…….the building was searched by the police a enter b entered c Entering d Enters 37 I had just one reply Abco was the…… company to reply to my letter a last b most c only d second Exercise 3: Each of these sentences contain errors in it Write the correct sentence There were a lot of people waited in a long outside the box office This isn’t the bus on that I normally travel Baseball is the only sport which I a m interested in The reason because I didn’t know was that no one had told me I didn’t know the name of the man helped me I’ve met many people, some of them are from my country Hiroko was born in Sapporo that is a city in Japan Dr Darnell was the only person to whom I wanted to see Rupert knows the family who’s house is for rent 10 Students who living on campus are close to their classroom and the library 11 Einstein who failed his university entrance exam discovered relativity 12 The person we talked to was very friendly 13 The bridge building only two years ago has been declared unsafe 14 It’s the President makes the important decision 15 I can’t find my diary, what is a real nuisance 16 Outside the door was a pair of boots covering in mud 17 Lake Superior, that lies on the US Canadian border, is the largest lake in North America 18 My favorite place in the world is a small city is located on the southern coast of Brazil 19 I would like to live in the country which there is plenty of sunshine 20 The nice couple with who we went on holiday has just moved in next door Change the relative clauses to phrases: Do you know the woman who is coming toward us? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… The road that joins the two villages is very narrow …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Most of the goods that are made in this factory are exported ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… my grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia , is a major trade center in Southeast Asia ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… The woman who lived here before us is a romantic novelist ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky way ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… All students who not handing in their papers will fail in the exams ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Simon Bolivar, who was a great South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 19th century ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Some of the people who have been invited to the party can’t come ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Ann is the woman who is responsible for the error ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Mr Jackson , who has been working in the company for over ten years, was nominated as the new director ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 We noticed a pile of stones which had been left in the road ………………………………………………………………………………………………………