Principles behind the teaching of listening -The tape recorder is just as important as the tape - Preparation is vital -Once will not be enough 4- Students should be encouraged to respond to the content of a listening 5- Different listening stages demand different listening tasks 6- Good teachers exploit listening texts to the full Stages in a listening lesson Before listening While listening After listening Before you listen Open prediction The teacher (T) establishes a context and introduces the topic of a text Ss are required to guess what they are going to listen to T writes the Ss’ guesses on the board Ss are asked to listen to the text to check if things they guess are correct or not Pre-questions T writes a few questions on the board These questions should focus on the main ideas of the text T gives students a few minutes to guess the answers to the questions It doesn’t matter if Ss can’t guess correctly True/false prediction T writes – 10 statements about the main points of a text Half of the statements are true, and the other half are false Ss are asked to work in pairs and decide if the statements are true or false T writes the students’ guesses on the board Ss are asked to listen to the text to check the answers While you listen Multiple choice T prepares questions about the ideas in the listening text For each question, there are three or four options for students (Ss) to choose from Ordering pictures Gap-fill T prepares some simple pictures to describe a story or a text, and sticks them on the board randomly Ss listen to the text and arrange the pictures in the correct order T writes a short paragraph with several blanks in it The blanks can be lexical or grammatical items or both Ss listen and fill each blank with information they hear T writes about to statements on the Ordering statements/events main points of a text but the statements are jumbled Ss listen to the text to find out the order of the statements True/false statements T writes some true and some deliberately false statements about the text on the blackboard Then Ss listen to the text to find out which are correct Comprehension questions These are the questions related to the main ideas of a text to check students’ comprehension Ss listen and answer questions from T or from the textbook After you listen Short written texts Retelling the story Ss write letters, postcards, messages, diaries, etc based on the listening text or to extend it Ss retell the story in groups, using their own word or using some provided cues Discussion Ss discuss similar or related issues based on prompt questions or pictures Role play Ss continue the story or situation by assuming the roles of people in the texts Summarizing Ss summarize the whole text or pre-selected part orally or in writing Designing a listening test • Some reminders on the listening passage Length Lexical density Use of words Grammatical patterns • Some common types of listening tasks Matching Gap-filling True/False statements Short answers Multiple choice questions Answer the questions Table/graph completing [...]... the roles of people in the texts Summarizing Ss summarize the whole text or pre-selected part orally or in writing Designing a listening test • 1 2 3 4 Some reminders on the listening passage Length Lexical density Use of words Grammatical patterns • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Some common types of listening tasks Matching Gap-filling True/False statements Short answers Multiple choice questions Answer the questions