IELTS WRITING TASK THEO DẠNG ĐỀ Bar chart Line chart Pie chart Table Describing process VÀ MIX BAR CHART Test Tip When writing a Task answer, it is important to describe numbers and data in different ways to avoid repetition You will be given credit for doing this, as it will show you have a wider range of vocabulary ĐỀ BÀI VÀ BÀI MẪU You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The chart below gives information about Someland's main exports in 2005, 2015, and future projections for 2025 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Model answer This bar chart illustrates the performance of Someland's primary exports in 2005 and 2015 It also indicates future projections for 2025 According to the data, it seems likely that international tourism will become the dominant industry, although dairy exports will remain strong In 2005, we can see that tourism was the greatest exports earner of the three industries, with revenue standing at just over $6 billion This figure has increased slightly, so that now, in 2015, it has reached almost $7 billion It is estimated that international tourism will continue to grow, so that by 2025, it will be earning around $8 billion for the country In 2000, dairy exports were worth around $5 billion, but since then there has been a dramatic increase, and sales for this year are approximately $8 billion Experts are predicting that exports in this area may fall slightly, so a figure of $7.5 billion is expected for 2025 Meat products are the third key industry in Someland, but sales have dropped since 2000 and now stand at $3.5 billion It is expected that sales will continue to decrease in the future (187 words) Writing Exam Tip You not have to write very long sentences to well in your Writing test If sentences are too long, they will become less coherent and also make it harder for you to control the grammar You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The chart below shows the number of travellers using three major airports in New York City between 1995 and 2000 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Model answer The bar chart gives information about how many people visited New York City through three major airports, over a six-year period between 1995 and 2000 Overall, it can be seen that over the period, there was a fluctuant trend in the number of passengers who travelled via John F Kennedy airport, while the other two airports saw an upward trend Another interesting point is that LaGuardia airport was the most popular at the end Looking at the detail, the number of travellers at John F Kennedy airport started at 26m in 1995, and then increased remarkably to reach the highest point of 47m in 1997 In 1999, the figure dipped to 32m At the last year, there was a slight growth to 44m On the other hand, LaGuardia began at 35m in 1995, after that it rose remarkably for the next three years, at 46m In 2000, LaGuardia hit the peak point at 68m travellers However, if we look at Newark airport, it started at the lowest point of 16m passengers in the first year After this point, the trend increased significantly to 42m in 1998 In the last two years it remained stable at 42m travellers (197 words) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The bar chart below shows shares of expenditures for five major categories in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan in the year 2009 Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below Write at least 150 words Source: U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics Test Tip In Writing Task 1, it is a good idea to end your answer by summarizing the main information shown by the diagram You are not required to explain this information Read the following sample answer Complete the answer by filling the gaps with the words in the box by contrast Indicates Lowest compares overall Whereas Except higher highest However Largest among The bar chart how consumers in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan allocated different shares of total spending to categories such as food, housing, and transportation in 2009 We can see that the United States had the housing expenditure share, 26% of total expenditures in 2009 The United Kingdom and Japan followed, with 24% and 22%, respectively Canada had the housing share at 21% Housing was the expenditure component in all countries Japan ., Canada had the largest transportation share of all four countries at 20% The United States and the United Kingdom had the next-highest transportation shares, 17% and 15%, respectively Japan had the lowest, at 10% ., in Japan, consumers spent 23% of their total expenditures on food in 2009 The United Kingdom had the second-highest share at 20% Canada, with 15%, and the United States, with 14% had the lowest food expenditure shares among the countries studied , the data that housing and health care shares of total expenditures were in the United States than in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan in 2009, Americans had the lowest clothing share Canada had the highest clothing and transportation shares, and Japan had the highest food share, the countries compared (214 words) Test Tip You only have 20 minutes to Writing Task 1, so make sure the points you include are: Relevant – you will waste time and lose marks if you don’t follow the instructions Don’t speculate or add your own opinions Not repetitive – don’t say the same thing in different words, or write similar sentences about all the figures Describe something different in every point Make comparisons and describe trends rather than focus on individual numbers Accurate – giving the wrong information loses marks, so study the question carefully and interpret data or diagrams correctly You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The chart below shows the percentage of male and female teachers in six different types of educational setting in the UK in 2010 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Model answer The bar chart gives information about the gender of teachers in six types of educational institutions in the UK in 2010 It shows what percentage of teachers was male and what percentage was female Women dominated the teaching profession in primary education, but less so at lower and upper secondary education It was particularly true of nursery school, where the share of female teachers was above 95% Similarly onesided was the situation in primary school, where over 90% of teachers were also female At secondary and upper secondary level this pattern was less pronounced, where there were nearly equal proportions of male and female teachers On the other hand, male teachers outnumbered female teachers in high-level education, where the proportion of men was twice that for women Overall, the higher the level of education, the more male teachers dominated, and the reverse occurred with respect to female teachers (150 words) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The chart below shows the percentage change in the share of international students among university graduates in different Canadian provinces between 2001 and 2006 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Source: Statistics Canada, Postsecondary Student Information System Test Tip In Task of the IELTS Writing modules, you may be asked to describe a graph which shows changes over a period of time To this you need to use language expressing change and appropriate tenses In the exam, make sure you leave time to edit your written answer You will lose marks if you make too many mistakes in grammar and vocabulary Model answer The chart shows changes in the share of international students who graduated from universities in different Canadian provinces over a period of years In 2001, this share had a relatively narrow range, from 3% in Ontario to 7.0% in New Brunswick Nova Scotia had the second highest proportion at 6.5% Five years later, the figures for most provinces had risen, with the exception of Alberta There, the figures fell by 1% to just over 4% By 2006, some parts of Canada experienced a considerable increase in their share of international graduates Growth in this share was especially strong in the case of New Brunswick, where the figures rose from 7% to 12% The largest growth occurred in British Columbia, where it more than doubled to 11% Over this five-year period, changes in the proportion of international graduates have been very uneven across the provinces of Canada However, New Brunswick remained the province with the highest percentage overall (158 words) Test Tip CHINA 0.3 0.8 USA 0.4 1.1 BRITAIN 0.9 2.9 EUROPE 1.1 4.5 Total 8.8 30.4 Model answer The given line graph illustrates information on the number of overseas visitors traveling to Australia in millions of people Overall, one notable trend seems to be that Australia has steadily become more popular as a destination spot For example, there were 20 million more visitors to Australia in 2005 than in 1975 That's a jump from 10 million to 30 million in 20 years The second table gives statistics showing the countries whose residents went to Australia between 1975 and 2005 In both years, the largest number of visitors came from Japan, followed by South Korea and Europe Britain, the United States and China also had many people traveling to Australia in these years In fact, the number of people visiting Australia grew in every one of these countries For example, in 2005, 12 million people went there from Japan compared with only 3.2 million in 1975 (147 words) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The charts below show US spending patterns between 1966 and 1996 Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below Write at least 150 words Model answer The pie charts show changes in American spending patterns between 1966 and 1996 Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years Together they comprised over half of household spending Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1966, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996 However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 23% in 1966 to 45% in 1996 Other areas changed significantly Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14% The proportion of salary spent on computers increased dramatically, up from 1% in 1996 to 10% in 1996 However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% Some areas remained to relatively unchanged 1% Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and furniture in both years In conclusion, increased amounts spent on cars, computers, and eating out were made up for by drops in expenditure on food and books Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below • You should write at least 150 words • You should spend about 20 minutes on this task model answer: The graphs show health and education spending and changes in life expectancy and infant mortality in the UAE Overall, as the percentage spent on health and education increases, infant mortality and life expectancy improve Graph shows the percentage of GDP spent on health and education between 1985 and 1993 There were big increases in both areas Health spending stood at about 8% in 1985 but rose to 9% in 1990 and 10% in 1993 Spending on education was even higher It was 10% in 1985, and shot up to 14% in 1990 and 15% in 1993, a 50% increase in just years Graph shows improvements in life expectancy and infant mortality between 1970 and 1992 Life expectancy was just 60 in 1970 but rose to almost 72 in 1992 In contrast, the number of babies dying dropped dramatically, from 60 per 1000 in 1970 to only 22 in 1992 In conclusion, people in the UAE are living longer and healthier lives because of the government's spending on education and medical facilities You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The chart below shows the sleep patterns of people in five different occupations according to a Canadian study Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Model answer Differences in sleep patterns appear to reflect differences in individuals' occupations A Canadian study has pointed out, for example, that students typically sleep for a consecutive 8-hour period each night, from 11 p.m to a.m This may be because the central activity in their lives, study, takes place in normal daylight hours Similarly, business executives sleep consecutive hours, but perhaps because their jobs are especially busy and stressful they sleep for hours on average, getting up around a.m By contrast, truck drivers, probably because of their need to keep their trucks on the road over long periods, tend to sleep in two 3-hour blocks: one between and 10 a.m and another from to p.m Another occupation associated with broken sleep schedules is that of doctors They tend to retire to bed around a.m and start their day at a.m., but may be woken up to deal with emergencies in the middle of the night Finally, full-time mothers, especially those with young children, tend to sleep when their babies Typically, they will sleep from 10 p.m and be awoken at a.m to comfort their babies for a couple of hours They then go back to bed to wake at a.m., but nap for two hours or so in the early afternoon Thus the influence on one's sleep pattern is worthy of consideration when choosing an occupation The diagram below shows the typical stages of consumer goods manufacturing, including the process by which information is fed back to earlier stages to enable adjustment Write a report for a university lecturer describing the process shown • You should write at least 150 words • You should spend about 20 minutes on this task model answer: Most consumer goods go through a series of stages before they emerge as finished products ready for sale Raw materials and manufactured components comprise the initial physical input in the manufacturing process Once obtained, these are stored for later assembly But assembly first depends upon the production planning stage, where it is decided how and in what quantities the stored materials will be processed to create sufficient quantities of finished goods The production planning stage itself follows the requirements of the goods' design stage that proceeds from extensive research After assembly, the products are inspected and tested to maintain quality control l Those units that pass the inspection and testing stages are then packaged, despatched and offered for sale in retail outlets The level of sales, which is the end point of the manufacturing process, helps determine production planning A product's design is not only the result of product research, but is also influenced by testing and market research If the testing stage (after assembly and inspection) reveals unacceptable problems in the finished product, then adjustments will have to be made to the product's design Similarly, market research, which examines the extent and nature of the demand for products, has the role of guiding product design to suit consumer demands which may change with time Market research, while influenced by product sales, also serves to foster future sales by devising suitable advertising for the goods Thus the reality of consumer goods manufacturing goes well beyond a simple linear production process You should spend about 20 minutes on this task Eating sweet foods produces acid in the mouth, which can cause tooth decay (High acid levels are measured by low pH values) Describe the information below and discuss the implications for dental health You should write at least 150 words model answer: Anyone who has visited a dentist has been told that eating excessive amounts of sweets risks harming the teeth This is because sweets lower pH levels in the mouth to dangerous levels When the pH level in the mouth is kept above 5.5, acidity is such that teeth are unlikely to be in danger of decay Sweet foods, however, cause pH in the mouth to drop for a time, and the longer pH levels remain below 5.5, the greater the opportunity for decay to occur By comparing fruit sugar, cane sugar and honey, which are all common ingredients of sweet foods, we find that cane sugar lowers pH levels for the longest period, thus producing the greatest risk of the three Approximately five minutes aftfter consuming cane sugar, pH levels drop to as little as pH 3.5 They then begin to rise slowly, but not rise above pH 5.5 until at least 30 minutes have elapsed By contrast, fruit sugar, which causes the mouth's acidity to fall to just above pH 4, poses a danger for a shorter period: tooth decay is unlikely 20 minutes after consumption Honey appears an even less risky substance Though acidity falls to about pH 4.75 within five minutes of consumption, it returns to above pH 5.5 in under fifteen minutes The implications, then, are that people who insist on eating sweet foods should be aware of the ingredients, and that fruit sugar or honey appear preferable to cane sugar (242 words) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The graphs below show the numbers of male and female workers in 1975 and 1995 in several employment sectors of the republic of Freedonia Write a report for a university teacher describing the information shown You should write at least 150 words model answer: The two decades between 1975 and 1995 brought significant changes in the representation of women in Freedonia's work force, according to the graphs In 1975, for example, some 300 000 men and 250 000 women worked in the communications sector Twenty years later, though the number of men remained unchanged, the number of women rose to 550 000 A similar situation was seen in the wholesale and retail trade sector, where the number of women rose from about 550 000 in 1975 to almost 800 000 two decades later The number of men in this sector remained stable over the period, at around 700 000 Women also made gains in both the finance/banking industries and in the defence-related public sector Whereas some 125 000 women worked in finance and banking institutions in 1975, the number increased to 450 000 by 1995 The number of men grew only marginally from 425 000 to 480 000 over the same period In defence, the number of men declined from 225 000 to 200 000, while the number of women rose from 25 000 to over 100 000 Two sectors that retained stable employment numbers for both men and women were manufacturing, which had about 300 000 women and 650 000 men in both surveyed years, and the public sector (non-defence), which employed 650 000 women and 850 000 men Thus, women appear to have made gains in the Freedonian work force but not at the expense of men (243 words) The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below • You should write at least 150 words • You should spend about 20 minutes on this task model answer: The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year 2000 and the graph shows the change in share prices between 1996 and 2001 In the year 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink product worldwide The largest consumer was North America, where 30.4 per cent of the total volume was purchased The second largest consumer was Latin America Europe and Asia purchased 20.5 and 16.4 per cent of the total volume respectively, while Africa and the Middle East remained fairly small consumers at per cent of the total volume of sales Since 1996, share prices for Coca-Cola have fluctuated In that year, shares were valued at approximately $35 Between 1996 and 1997, however, prices rose significantly to $70 per share They dipped a little in mid-1997 and then peaked at $80 per share in mid-98 From then until 2000 their value fell consistently but there was a slight rise in mid-2000 [...]... this task The table below provide information on rental charges and salaries in three areas of London Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below You should write at least 15 0 words Weekly rents per property (£/w) Salaries needed (£/year) Area 2 bed 3 bed 1 bed Hill 485 738 98,500 12 7,500 19 4,000 Regent's 450 650 85,500 11 8,000 17 0,500 Park 390 600 56,500 10 2,500 15 7,500... minutes on this task The bar chart below shows the percentage of students who passed their high school competency exams, by subject and gender, during the period 2 010 -2 011 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 15 0 words Students passing high school competency exams, by subject and gender, 2 010 -2 011 *includes French,... graph or chart The graph in this task shows the percentage of over 65s in each country of the UK The following are incorrect statements: • Wales had more over 65s than England (The graph is in percentages, not numbers) • Northern Ireland had 12 % of over 65s in 19 85 (The countries do not add up to 10 0% so Northern Ireland did not have 12 % of all over 65s The graph shows that 12 % of thepopulation of Northern... 2004 Local landline calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 12 000 million minutes in 19 95 to just under 17 000 million in 2000 After peaking at 17 000 million the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 19 95 figure by 2004 National and international landline calls grew steadily from 6000 million to 10 500 million at the end of the period in question, though the growth slowed... interesting (17 5 words) The graph below shows female unemployment rates in each country of the United Kingdom in 2 013 and 2 014 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 15 0 words Model answer The bar chart shows the unemployment rates among women in the countries that make up the United Kingdom, both in 2 013 and in 2 014 There... on this task The chart below gives information about the UK's ageing population in 19 85 and makes predictions for 2035 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 15 0 words Source: Office for National Statistics, National Records of Scotland, Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency Exam Tip In Writing Task 1, it is... this task You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The table below gives information about Favorite Pastimes in different countries Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 15 0 words From 30 - 50 years old TV Sport Reading Hobbies Music Beach Sleep Canada 60 22 15 40 3 0 2 France / / 30 20 4 / / England / / 30 21 4... (Speaking /Writing) • We use the past perfect simple tense to describe graphs: By the year X, the price of Y had fallen (Writing) • We use the future simple tense to talk about the future: I hope I’ll pass the exam (Speaking) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task The bar chart below gives information about the number of students studying Computer Science at a UK university between 2 010 and 2 012 Summarise... 2 013 to 2 014 , except in Scotland In 2 013 , 5.6% of women in Northern Ireland were unemployed The only country with a smaller percentage of women unemployed was Wales, with a rate of 5.4% Both countries saw a decrease in the percentage of unemployed women in 2 014 In Northern Ireland, the percentage fell to 4.6% and in Wales it fell to 5% England had the greatest percentage of unemployed women in 2 013 ,... unemployed women in 2 013 , with 6.8% However, this decreased by 0.3% in 2 014 Lastly, Scotland was the only country which had an increasing percentage of unemployed women In 2 013 , it had 6 .1% of women out of work This increased to 6.7% in 2 014 , making it the country with the highest female unemployment rate of the four countries (16 0 words) Test Tip Do not copy information from the question paper, use